Isithasiselo, esibizwa nangokuthi isithasiselo se-ileocecal noma i-vermiform appendage, ukukhula okuncane okutholakala emathunjini amakhulu. Le nto yaziwa kakhulu njengesiza se-appendicitis, ukuvuvukala okudinga ukususwa kwesithasiselo ngokuhlinzwa (i-appendectomy).

Indawo yokwakheka

Isithasiselo yi- ukukhula okuncane kwe oyimpumputhe, ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu. I-caecum ilandela amathumbu amancane, lapho ixhunywe khona yi-valve ileocecal. I-appendix iseduze nale valve, yingakho igama layo elithi ileo-cecal appendix.

Izikhundla zesithasiselo

Ngokuvamile, kuthiwa isithasiselo sitholakala ezansi kwesokudla senkaba. Noma kunjalo, indawo yayo ingahluka, okungenza kube nzima ukuthola i-appendicitis. Esiswini, lokhu kukhula kungathatha izikhundla eziningana :

• indawo ye-sub-cecal, evundlile nangaphansi kwe-cecum;
• isikhundla esiphakathi kwe-caecal, etshekela phansi kancane;
• indawo ye-retro-cecal, ngobude nangemuva kwe-caecum.

Bheka

I-appendix yethulwe njenge-a ephaketheni elingenalutho. Usayizi wayo uyahlukahluka ngobude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-12 nobubanzi obuphakathi kwamamilimitha amane nangu-4. Ukuma kwalokhu kukhula kuvame ukuqhathaniswa nokwesibungu, yingakho igama laso le-vermiform appendage.

Kuze kube manje, indima yesithasiselo ayikaqondakali ngokugcwele. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, lokhu kukhula kungaba yize emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, eminye imibono iye yabekwa phambili ngabaphenyi. Ngokomsebenzi wabo, lokhu kukhula kungadlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni umzimba.

Iqhaza ekuvikelekeni komzimba

Ngokwezifundo ezithile, isithasiselo singangenelela ohlelweni lomzimba lokuzivikela ezifweni ukuze qinisa ukuzivikela komzimba. Eminye imiphumela yesayensi iphakamisa ukuthi ama-immunoglobulins (amasosha omzimba) angakhiqizwa esithasiselweni. Ngo-2007, abacwaningi eDuke University Medical Center baveza enye incazelo. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yabo, isithasiselo sizoba nezimbali eziwusizo ezizogcinwa ukuze zigcine isisu sisibi. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba esithasiselo kusaphikiswana ngakho namuhla emphakathini wezesayensi.

I-Appendicitis

Ihambisana ne- ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo. I-Appendicitis ivame ukubangelwa ukuvinjelwa esithasiselweni ngendle noma izinto zangaphandle. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungabuye kuthandwe ngokuguqulwa kwendwangu yamathumbu noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesisu ngaphansi kwesithasiselo. Ilungiselela ukukhula kwamagciwane, lokhu kuvinjelwa kuzodala ukusabela kokuvuvukala, okungazibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene:

• ubuhlungu besisu eduze kwenkaba, okuvame ukuba bubi nakakhulu phakathi namahora;
• ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, okungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela yokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza noma ukuqunjelwa;
• umkhuhlane omncane, owenzeka kwezinye izimo.

I-Appendicitis idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezifana ne-peritonitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-peritoneum) noma i-sepsis (ukutheleleka okuvamile). Lokhu kuvuvukala kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha okuvame kakhulu.

Isithasiselo

Ukwelashwa kwe-appendicitis kudinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo: i-appendectomy. Lokhu kuqukethe susa isithasiselo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ekukhuleni emzimbeni. Okuvamile, lokhu kusebenza kubonisa ngokwesilinganiso ama-30% wezinqubo zokuhlinza ezenziwa esiswini eFrance. Kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile:

• ngokujwayelekile, ngokwenza ukusikeka kwamasentimitha ambalwa eduze kwenkaba, okuvumela ukufinyelela kusijobelelo;
• nge-laparoscopy noma i-laparoscopy, ngokwenza ukusikeka okuthathu kwamamilimitha ambalwa esiswini, okuvumela ukwethulwa kwekhamera ukuqondisa izenzo zikadokotela ohlinzayo

I-Appendicitis kunzima ukuyixilonga. Uma kwenzeka ungabaza, kunconywa ukuthi ufune izeluleko eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. I-appendectomy ivame ukunconywa ukukhipha ubungozi bezinkinga.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba

Ukuxilongwa kwe-appendicitis kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Izivivinyo ze-Medical imaging

Ukuze ujulise ukuxilongwa, isithasiselo singabonwa ngamasu wokucabanga wezokwelapha afana nesisu se-CT scan noma i-abdominopelvic MRI.

Ukucwaninga esithasiselweni kunzima kakhulu njengoba lokhu kukhula kungekho kakhulu kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Yize kuqanjwa imibono eminingi, indima ngqo yesithasiselo ayisaziwa.