Okuqukethwe
Ama-enzyme "yimisebenzi yokusebenza" yomzimba wethu. Uma ubheka encwadini yokubhekela ezemfundo, ungathola ukuthi igama elithi enzyme, elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiLatin, lisho imvubelo. Futhi kungenxa yemvubelo enjalo ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinqubo zamakhemikhali zenzeka emzimbeni wethu njalo ngomzuzwana.
Ngayinye yalezi zinqubo zamakhemikhali inolwazi lwayo. Ngesikhathi esisodwa, amaprotheni ayagaywa, ngenkathi enye - amafutha, kanti okwesithathu kunesibopho sokumunca ama-carbohydrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-enzyme akwazi ukuguqula into eyodwa ayenze enye, ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni okwamanje.
Ukudla okunothile kwe-enzyme:
Izici ezijwayelekile zama-enzyme
Ukutholakala kwama-enzyme kwenzeka ngo-1814, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwesitashi kwaba ushukela. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenzeke ngenxa yesenzo se-amylase enzyme ehlukaniswe nezithombo zebhali.
Ngo-1836, kwatholakala i-enzyme, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-pepsin. Ikhiqizwa esiswini sethu yodwa, futhi ngosizo lwe-hydrochloric acid, iphula amaprotheni ngenkuthalo. I-Pepsin nayo isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwenzeni ushizi. Futhi ekuguqulweni kwemvubelo, ukuvutshelwa kotshwala kubangela i-enzyme ebizwa nge-zymase.
Ngokwakhiwa kwawo kwamakhemikhali, ama-enzyme angaphansi kwesigaba samaprotheni. Lawa ama-biocatalysts aguqula izinto emzimbeni. Ngenhloso yabo, ama-enzyme ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayisithupha: ama-lyases, ama-hydrolase, ama-oxidoreductases, ama-transferases, ama-isomerase nama-ligase.
Ngo-1926, ama-enzyme aqale ahlukaniswa namaseli aphilayo futhi atholakala ngohlobo lwekristallini. Ngakho-ke, kwaba lula ukuzisebenzisa njengengxenye yemithi yokuthuthukisa ikhono lomzimba lokugaya ukudla.
Namuhla isayensi yazi inani elikhulu lazo zonke izinhlobo zama-enzyme, amanye awo akhiqizwa imboni yezemithi njengemithi nezithako zokudla.
I-Pancreatin ekhishwe kumanyikwe wezinkomo, i-bromelain (i-enzyme ye-ananas), i-papain etholakala esithelweni esingajwayelekile se-papaya ifunwa kakhulu namuhla. Futhi ekudleni okunamafutha okuvela ezitshalweni, isibonelo, ukwatapheya, nakumanyikwe wezilwane nabantu, kune-enzyme ebizwa nge-lipase, ethintekayo ekuwohlokeni kwamafutha.
Isidingo sansuku zonke sama-enzyme
Kunzima ukubala inani eliphelele lama-enzyme adingwa ngumzimba ukuze usebenze ngokugcwele phakathi nosuku, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-enzyme akhona emzimbeni wethu ngobuningi obuhluke kakhulu.
Uma ijusi yesisu iqukethe ama-enzyme ambalwa e-proteolytic, khona-ke inani lemikhiqizo equkethe ama-enzyme adingekayo kufanele lenyuke. I-Pancreatin, ngokwesibonelo, inqunywa ngamanani asukela ku-576 mg ngosuku futhi iphele, uma kunesidingo, ngokukhuphuka okuphindwe ka-4 komthamo walo muthi.
Isidingo sama-enzyme siyanda:
- umsebenzi ovilaphayo wepheshana lamathumbu;
- ngezifo ezithile zohlelo lokugaya ukudla;
- isisindo esiningi;
- amasosha omzimba buthakathaka;
- ukudakwa komzimba;
- ekugugeni, lapho ama-enzyme awo akhiqizwa kabi.
Isidingo sama-enzyme sinciphisa:
- esimweni sokwanda kwenani lama-enzyme ama-proteolytic kujusi yesisu;
- ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye emikhiqizweni namalungiselelo aqukethe ama-enzyme.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zama-enzyme nomphumela wazo emzimbeni
Ama-enzyme ayabandakanyeka enqubeni yokugaya, esiza umzimba ukucubungula ukudla. Zenza umzimba ujwayelekile, ukhuthaze ukuncipha. Qinisa amasosha omzimba, susa ubuthi emzimbeni.
Thuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli omzimba futhi usheshise inqubo yokuzihlanza komzimba. Guqula izakhamzimba zibe ngamandla. Shesha ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunothile kwama-enzyme kwandisa inani lama-antibodies alwa ngempumelelo nezifo, ngaleyo ndlela aqinise amasosha omzimba. Ukuba khona kwama-enzyme wokugaya ekudleni kunomthelela ekusebenzeni nasekungeniseni kahle izakhi zomzimba.
Ukusebenzisana nezinto ezibalulekile
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zomzimba wethu - amaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate - asebenzelana eduze nama-enzyme. Amavithamini nawo afaka isandla ekusebenzeni okuthe xaxa kwamanye ama-enzyme.
Ngomsebenzi wama-enzyme, ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomzimba, ukuba khona kwama-coenzymes (okuphuma kumavithamini) nama-cofactors kuyadingeka. Futhi ukungabikho kwama-inhibitors - izinto ezithile, imikhiqizo ye-metabolic ecindezela umsebenzi wama-enzyme ngesikhathi sokuphendula kwamakhemikhali.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwama-enzyme emzimbeni:
- iziyaluyalu pheshana emathunjini;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukugula;
- ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
- i-gastritis yama-achilic;
- ukwanda kokudla okungenampilo.
Izimpawu zama-enzyme amaningi emzimbeni:
- ikhanda;
- ukucasuka;
- komzimba.
Izici ezithinta okuqukethwe kwama-enzyme emzimbeni
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kokudla okuqukethe ama-enzyme kusiza ukugcwalisa ukungabi bikho kwama-enzyme abalulekile emzimbeni. Kepha ngokwenziwa kwabo ngokuphelele nobungqabavu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisela okuthile kwe-acid-base, okufana kuphela nomzimba onempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izifo zomgudu wamathumbu, izinhlobo ezithile zama-enzyme azisakhiqizwa ngumzimba ngobuningi obanele. Kulokhu, izithasiselo zokudla kanye neminye imithi kuyasiza.
Ama-enzyme wobuhle nempilo
Njengoba ama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekuguqulweni kwamanye amakhompiyutha abe amanye, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusebenza kwawo kunquma hhayi kuphela impilo yomzimba wethu wonke, kepha kuthinta nokubukeka kwesikhumba, izinwele, izinzipho, kanye nesisindo somzimba esifanele.
Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa ukudla okuqukethe ama-enzyme, awunakusungula kuphela umsoco ojwayelekile womzimba wonke, kepha futhi uthuthukise ubuhle bakho bangaphandle nokuheha. Akumangalisi ukuthi bathi ubuhle, okokuqala, yimpilo enhle kakhulu yomzimba wonke!