Ukuhlolwa kwe-benchmark ku-neurology, i-electromyogram (EMG) yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlaziya umsebenzi kagesi wemizwa nemisipha. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo, kusiza ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zezinzwa kanye nemisipha.

I-electromyogram, ebizwa nangokuthi i-electroneuromyogram, i-electronography, i-ENMG noma i-EMG, ihlose ukuhlaziya imizwa yezinzwa emithanjeni yezimoto, imizwa yezinzwa nemisipha. Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile ku-neurology, kuvumela ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinzwa nemisipha.

Empeleni, ukuhlola kuhlanganisa ukurekhoda ukusebenza kukagesi kwezinzwa kanye nokufinyezwa komsipha noma ngokunamathisela inaliti emsipha noma eduze kwenzwa, noma ngokunamathisela i-electrode esikhumbeni uma inzwa noma umsipha. zikha phezulu. Umsebenzi kagesi uhlaziywa lapho uphumule, ngemva kokuvuselela ugesi okwenziwa ngokwenziwa noma ngomzamo wokugoqa wokuzithandela wesiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa esibhedlela, elabhorethri yokuhlola ukusebenza kwesimiso sezinzwa, noma ehhovisi le-neurologist uma ifakwe. Akukho ukulungiselela okudingekayo. Ukuhlolwa, ngaphandle kobungozi, kuthatha imizuzu engama-45 kuye kwengama-90 kuye ngephrothokholi esetshenzisiwe.

Idivaysi yokwenza i-EMG ibizwa nge-electromyograph. Isebenzisa ama-electrode (amabalanyana amancane) abekwe esikhumbeni, ishukumisa izintambo zezinzwa ngogesi ngokuthumela kafushane kakhulu (kusuka kweshumi kuye ku-millisecond) kanye namandla aphansi (izinkulungwane ezimbalwa ze-ampere) ukushaqeka kukagesi. ). Lo msinga wenzwa usakazwa emsipha, ozobe usufinyela bese uyanyakaza. Izinzwa ezinamathiselwe esikhumbeni zenza kube nokwenzeka ukurekhoda umsebenzi kagesi we-nerve kanye / noma imisipha. Lokhu bese kubhalwa kudivayisi futhi kuhlaziywe esikrinini ngendlela yeziza.

Ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye ne-pathology efunwayo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa zingasetshenziswa:

• i-electromyogram yangempela ihlanganisa ukutadisha umsebenzi kagesi we-muscle lapho uphumule futhi lapho isiguli sikwenza ngokuzithandela inkontileka. Kungenzeka ukutadisha umsebenzi wezintambo ezimbalwa zemisipha. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela wethula inaliti enhle, enenzwa, ngaphakathi kwemisipha. Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kagesi we-muscle kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukulahlekelwa kwe-motor nerve fibers noma ukungavamile kwemisipha;
• ukutadisha ngesivinini sokuqhuba kwezintambo ze-motor kuhlanganisa ukugqugquzela inzwa ngamaphuzu amabili ukuze kuhlaziywe isivinini kanye namandla okuqhuba ama-nerve impulses ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nokuphendula kwemisipha ngakolunye uhlangothi;
• ukutadisha isivinini sokuqhuba izinzwa kwenza kube lula ukukala ukuqhutshwa kwezintambo zezinzwa zenzwa emthonjeni womgogodla;
• ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kokuvuselela kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukwethembeka kokudluliselwa phakathi kwenzwa kanye nemisipha. I-nerve ivuselelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi impendulo yemisipha iyahlaziywa. Ikakhulukazi, kuhlolwa ukuthi i-amplitude yayo ayinciphi ngokungavamile ngokushukumisa ngakunye.

Ukugqugquzelwa kukagesi kungase kungabi mnandi kunobuhlungu. Izinaliti ezincane zingabangela ubuhlungu obuncane kakhulu.

I-electromyogram inganqunywa lapho kubhekene nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ngemva kwengozi okungenzeka ibangele ukulimala kwezinzwa;
• ubuhlungu bemisipha (myalgia);
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukulahlekelwa ithoni yemisipha;
• ukukhala okuphikelelayo, ukuba ndikindiki, ukushoshozela (paramnesia);
• ubunzima bokuchama noma ukubamba umchamo, ukudlula noma ukubamba indle
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile emadodeni;
• ubuhlungu be-perineal obungachazwa kwabesifazane.

Ngokuya ngemiphumela, ukuhlolwa kungahlonza izifo noma izilonda ezahlukene:

• isifo semisipha (myopathy);
• ukuphuka kwemisipha (ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukuhlukumezeka noma ukubeletha ku-perineum, isibonelo);
• i-carpal tunnel syndrome;
• uma kwenzeka umonakalo ezimpandeni zezinzwa kulandela ukuhlukumezeka, ukucwaninga ngesivinini sokuqhuba kwenza kube lula ukucacisa izinga lokulimala kwesakhiwo sezinzwa esithintekile (impande, i-plexus, inzwa ezingxenyeni zayo ezihlukahlukene eduze kwesitho) kanye nezinga layo ukukhubazeka;
• isifo sezinzwa (i-neuropathy). Ngokuhlaziya izindawo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, i-EMG yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukuthi isifo sezinzwa sisakazekile noma sisendaweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuhlukanise i-polyneuropathies, i-mononeuropathies eminingi, i-polyradiculoneuropathies. Ngokuya kokungajwayelekile okubonwayo, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqondisa imbangela ye-neuropathy (izakhi zofuzo, ukuphazamiseka kokuzivikela komzimba, okunobuthi, isifo sikashukela, ukutheleleka, njll.);
• isifo samangqamuzana e-motor nerve emgogodleni (motor neuron);
• i-myasthenia gravis (isifo esizimele esingavamile kakhulu se-neuromuscular junction).