okuningi (I-Morchella esculenta)
- Umnyango: I-Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
- Ukuhlukaniswa: Pezizomycotina (Pezizomycotins)
- Ikilasi: Pezizomycetes (Pezizomycetes)
- Isigaba esingaphansi: Pezizomycetidae (Pezizomycetes)
- I-oda: Pezizales (Pezizales)
- Umndeni: Morchellaceae (Morels)
- Uhlobo: Morchella (morel)
- Uhlobo: I-Morchella esculenta (i-Edible morel)
Umzimba wesithelo I-morel edliwayo inkulu, iyinyama, ingenalutho ngaphakathi, yingakho i-mushroom inesisindo esincane kakhulu, i-6-15 (kufika ku-20) ukuphakama. Iqukethe "umlenze" kanye "nesigqoko". I-Morel edliwayo ibhekwa njengenye yamakhowe amakhulu omndeni we-morel.
ikhanda ku-morel edliwayo, njengomthetho, inomumo oyindilinga oyindilinga noma oyi-ovoid, ongavamile ukuba isicaba-i-spherical noma i-spherical; emaphethelweni ibambelela ngokuqinile emlenzeni. Ukuphakama kwe-cap - 3-7 cm, ububanzi - 3-6 (kufika ku-8) cm. Umbala we-cap kusuka kuphuzi-nsundu kuya kunsundu; kuba mnyama ngokukhula nokomisa. Njengoba umbala wesigqoko useduze nombala wamaqabunga awile, isikhunta asibonakali kudoti. Ingaphezulu le-cap alilingani kakhulu, lishwabene, elihlanganisa imigodi ejulile-amaseli anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ahlanganiswe ne-hymenium. Ukuma kwamaseli akuvamile, kodwa kuseduze nokuyindilinga; zihlukaniswa ngemincane (1 mm ubukhulu), i-sinuous folds-ribs, i-longitudinal ne-transverse, inemibala elula kunamaseli. Amaseli ayafana nekhekheba lezinyosi, yingakho elinye lamagama esiNgisi e-morel edliwayo - ikhekheba lezinyosi morel.
Leg i-morel iyisilinda, ijiyile kancane esisekelweni, ingenalutho ngaphakathi (yakha umgodi owodwa onekepisi), i-brittle, 3-7 (kufika ku-9) ubude no-1,5-3 cm ubukhulu. Kumakhowe amancane, isiqu simhlophe, kodwa siba mnyama ngokukhula, sibe phuzi noma sikhilimu. Kukhowe elivuthwe ngokugcwele, isiqu sinsundu, siyimpuphu noma sithe ukuxega, ngokuvamile sinemifantu emide esisekelweni.
Umtfumbu umzimba othela izithelo ulula (omhlophe, ukhilimu omhlophe noma ophuzi-ocher), u-waxy, mncane kakhulu, untekenteke futhi uthambile, ubhidlika kalula. Ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kumnandi; alikho iphunga elihlukile.
i-spore powder ophuzi, ocher okhanyayo. Izinhlamvu ziyi-ellipsoid, zibushelelezi, azivamile ukuba yi-granular, azinambala, 19–22 × (11–15) µm ngosayizi, zikhula ezikhwameni zezithelo (asci), zakha ungqimba oluqhubekayo endaweni engaphandle yekepisi. Ama-asci angama-cylindrical, ama-microns angama-330 × 20 ngosayizi.
I-morel edliwayo isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke indawo epholile yaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe - e-Eurasia kuze kufike eJapane naseNyakatho Melika, kanye nase-Australia naseTasmania. Kwenzeka kanyekanye, kuyaqabukela ngamaqembu; impela ezingavamile, nakuba evame kakhulu phakathi morel amakhowe. Ikhula ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle emhlabathini ovundile, onothe nge-lime - ukusuka ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni ezikhukhula kuya emithambekeni yezintaba: endaweni evundile ekhanyayo (i-birch, willow, poplar, alder, oak, umlotha kanye ne-elm), kanye nasemahlathini axubile nama-coniferous. , emapaki nasemasimini ama-apula; kuvamile endaweni enotshani, ezindaweni ezivikelekile (etshanini nasemaphethelweni ehlathi, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ezindaweni ezicwengiwe nasezihlahleni, eduze kwezihlahla eziwile, ngasemiseleni nasemifuleni). Ingakhula ezindaweni ezinesanti, eduze nezindawo zokulahla imfucuza nasezindaweni ezinemililo emidala. Eningizimu yeZwe Lethu, itholakala ezingadini zemifino, izingadi zangaphambili kanye notshani. Lesi sikhunta sikhula kakhulu entwasahlobo, kusukela maphakathi no-April kuya kuJuni, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezimvula ezifudumele. Ivamise ukuvela emahlathini enhlabathini evundile kakhulu noma engaphansi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezivundile, kaningi endaweni enotshani, ezindaweni ezivikelwe kahle: ngaphansi kwezihlahla, eduze kwemisele, otshanini emapaki nasezingadini.
ENtshonalanga Yurophu, isikhunta sivela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni efudumele - kusukela ngoMashi. Ezweni Lethu, ukhunta ngokuvamile alubonakali ngaphambi kokuqala kukaMeyi, kodwa lungenzeka kuze kube maphakathi noJuni, ngezikhathi ezithile, ekwindla ende efudumele, ngisho nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
I-morel edliwayo ayikwazi ukudideka nanoma yimaphi amakhowe anobuthi. Ihlukaniswa nezinhlobo ezihlobene nge-morel eyi-conical kanye ne-morel ende ngokuma okuyindilinga kwekepisi, ukwakheka, usayizi nokuhlelwa kwamaseli. I-morel eyindilinga (i-Morchella rotunda) ifana kakhulu nayo, okuyinto, nokho, evame ukubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ze-morel edliwayo.
Ikhowe elidliwayo ngokombandela lesigaba sesithathu. Kufanelekile ukudla ngemva kokubilisa emanzini abilayo anosawoti imizuzu engu-10-15 (umhluzi ukhishwa), noma ngemva kokumisa ngaphandle kokubilisa.
Ividiyo mayelana nekhowe le-Morel elidliwayo:
