Abantu bebelokhu bedla inyama kusukela nge-Ice Age. Kwakungaleso sikhathi, njengoba izazi ze-anthropologists zisho, umuntu wasuka ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni waqala ukudla inyama. Leli "siko" lisekhona kuze kube yilolu suku - ngenxa yesidingo (isibonelo, phakathi kwama-Eskimos), umkhuba noma izimo zokuphila. Kodwa ngokuvamile, isizathu siwukungaqondi kahle. Kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, ochwepheshe bezempilo abaziwayo, izazi zokudla okunomsoco, kanye nezazi zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo bathole ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi awudingi ukudla inyama ukuze uhlale unempilo, eqinisweni, ukudla okwamukelekayo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kungalimaza abantu. Maye, i-vegetarianism, esekelwe kuphela ezikhundleni zefilosofi, akuvamile ukuba yindlela yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, masiyishiye eceleni ingxenye engokomoya yokuthanda imifino okwamanje - imisebenzi enevolumu eminingi ingadalwa mayelana nalokhu. Ake sigxile ezingxoxweni ezingokoqobo, zomqondo “zezwe” ezisekela ukuyeka inyama. Ake siqale sixoxe ngalokho okuthiwainganekwane yamaprotheni“. Nakhu okumayelana. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza abantu abaningi bagweme ukudla imifino ukwesaba ukudala ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni emzimbeni. “Ungawathola kanjani wonke amaprotheni ekhwalithi owadingayo ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okungenabisi?” abantu abanjalo bayabuza. Ngaphambi kokuphendula lo mbuzo, kuyasiza ukukhumbula ukuthi iyini ngempela iphrotheni. Ngo-1838, usokhemisi ongumDashi u-Jan Müldscher wathola into equkethe i-nitrogen, ikhabhoni, i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo kanye, ngamanani amancane, nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Le nhlanganisela, engaphansi kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni, usosayensi wabiza ngokuthi "okuyinhloko". Kamuva, kwafakazelwa ukubaluleka kwangempela kwamaprotheni: ukuze kuphile noma iyiphi into ephilayo, inani elithile layo kufanele lidliwe. Njengoba kwenzeka, isizathu salokhu ama-amino acid, "imithombo yangempela yokuphila", lapho kwakhiwa khona amaprotheni. Sekukonke, ama-amino acid angama-22 ayaziwa, angu-8 awo abhekwa njengebalulekile (awakhiqizi umzimba futhi kufanele adliwe ngokudla). Lawa ma-amino acid ayi-8: i-lecine, isolecine, i-valine, i-lysine, i-trypophane, i-threonine, i-methionine, i-phenylalanine. Zonke kufanele zifakwe ngezilinganiso ezifanele ekudleni okunomsoco olinganiselayo. Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1950, inyama ibithathwa njengomthombo ongcono kakhulu wamaprotheni, ngoba iqukethe wonke ama-amino acid ayi-8 abalulekile, futhi ngezilinganiso ezifanele nje. Nokho, namuhla izazi zokudla okunomsoco ziye zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukudla kwezitshalo njengomthombo wamaprotheni akugcini nje ngokuba kuhle njengenyama, kodwa kuphakeme nakakhulu kunalokho. Izitshalo nazo ziqukethe wonke ama-amino acid ayi-8. Izitshalo zinamandla okuhlanganisa ama-amino acid emoyeni, emhlabathini, nasemanzini, kodwa izilwane zingathola amaprotheni kuphela ngezitshalo: ngokuwadla, noma ngokudla izilwane ezidle izitshalo futhi zamunca zonke izakhi zazo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu unokuzikhethela: ukuzitholela ngokuqondile ngezitshalo noma ngendlela ezungezayo, ngezindleko eziphakeme zezomnotho kanye nezinsiza - kusuka enyameni yezilwane. Ngakho, inyama ayinawo ama-amino acid ngaphandle kwalawo atholwa yizilwane ezitshalweni - nabantu ngokwabo bangawathola ezitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kwezitshalo kunenye inzuzo ebalulekile: kanye nama-amino acid, uthola izinto ezidingekayo ukuze uthole amaprotheni aphelele: ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini, izakhi zokulandelela, amahomoni, i-chlorophyll, njll. Ngo-1954, iqembu lososayensi eHarvard University. yenza ucwaningo futhi yathola ukuthi uma umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa edla imifino, okusanhlamvu, nemikhiqizo yobisi, uhlanganisa okungaphezu kokudla kwamaprotheni nsuku zonke. Baphethe ngokuthi bekunzima kakhulu ukugcina ukudla okunhlobonhlobo kwemifino ngaphandle kokudlula lesi sibalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngo-1972, uDkt. F. Stear wenza ezakhe izifundo zokudla amaprotheni ngabantu abadla imifino. Imiphumela yayimangalisa: iningi lezifundo zithole izinkambiso ezingaphezu kwezimbili zamaprotheni! Ngakho-ke "inganekwane mayelana namaprotheni" yachithwa. Manje ake siphendukele esihlokweni esilandelayo senkinga esikhuluma ngayo. Imithi yesimanje iyaqinisekisa: ukudla inyama kugcwele izingozi eziningi. Umdlavuza kanye nezifo zenhliziyo seziyaba ubhadane emazweni lapho kudliwa inyama kakhulu ngomuntu ngamunye, kanti lapho lokhu kuphansi khona, izifo ezinjalo ziyivelakancane kakhulu. URollo Russell encwadini yakhe ethi “On the Causes of Cancer” uyabhala: “Ngathola ukuthi emazweni angu-25 izakhamuzi zawo ezidla inyama kakhulu, angu-19 anamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu omdlavuza, futhi linye kuphela izwe elinezinga eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. ngesikhathi esifanayo Emazweni angu-35 adla inyama elinganiselwe noma engayidli nhlobo, awekho anezinga eliphezulu lomdlavuza.” I-Journal ye-1961 ye-American Physicians Association ithi "Ukushintshela ekudleni kwemifino kuma-90-97% wamacala kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zenhliziyo." Lapho isilwane sihlatshwa, imfucumfucu yaso iyeka ukuphuma ngesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi futhi ihlale “igcinwe” emzimbeni ofile. Ngakho abadla inyama bamunca izinto ezinobuthi, okuthi esilwaneni esiphilayo, zishiye umzimba nomchamo. UDkt. Owen S. Parret, encwadini yakhe ethi Why I Don't Eat Meat, waphawula ukuthi lapho inyama ibilisiwe, kuvela izinto eziyingozi ekwakhekeni komhluzi, ngenxa yalokho ucishe ufane ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali nomchamo. Emazweni anezimboni ezinohlobo olunzulu lwentuthuko yezolimo, inyama “inothiswa” ngezinto eziningi eziyingozi: i-DDT, i-arsenic (esetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokukhula), i-sodium sulfate (esetshenziselwa ukunikeza inyama “fresh”, i-blood-red hue), I-DES, i-hormone yokwenziwa (i-carcinogen eyaziwayo). Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo yenyama iqukethe ama-carcinogens amaningi ngisho nama-metastasogens. Ngokwesibonelo, amakhilogremu angu-2 nje enyama ethosiwe aqukethe i-benzopyrene elingana nogwayi ongu-600! Ngokunciphisa ukudla kwe-cholesterol, ngasikhathi sinye sinciphisa amathuba okuqongelela amafutha, ngakho-ke ingozi yokufa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma i-apoplexy. Isenzo esinjenge-atherosclerosis siwumqondo ongabonakali ngokuphelele kumuntu odla imifino. Ngokwe-Encyclopædia Britannica, “Amaprotheni atholakala kumantongomane, okusanhlamvu, ngisho nemikhiqizo yobisi abhekwa njengamsulwa uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo atholakala enyameni yenkomo—aqukethe cishe u-68% wengxenye yoketshezi olungcolile. Lezi "ezingcolile" zinomthelela omubi hhayi kuphela enhliziyweni, kodwa nasemzimbeni wonke. Umzimba womuntu ungumshini oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Futhi, njenganoma iyiphi imoto, uphethiloli owodwa uwufanela kangcono kunenye. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi inyama inguphethiloli ongasebenzi kahle kulo mshini, futhi iza ngezindleko eziphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-Eskimo, adla kakhulu izinhlanzi nenyama, aguga ngokushesha. Isilinganiso sabo sokuphila asidluli iminyaka engama-30. AmaKirghiz ngesinye isikhathi ayedla kakhulu inyama futhi ayengavamile ukuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezizwe ezinjengamaHunza ezihlala ezintabeni zaseHimalaya noma amaqembu enkolo isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwawo sihluka phakathi kweminyaka engu-80 neyikhulu! Ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukudla imifino kuyisizathu sempilo yabo enhle kakhulu. AmaNdiya angamaMaya aseYutacan kanye nezizwe zaseYemeni zeqembu lamaSemite nazo zidume ngempilo yazo enhle kakhulu - futhi ngenxa yokudla kwemifino. Futhi ekugcineni, ngifuna ukugcizelela into eyodwa futhi. Lapho edla inyama, umuntu, njengomthetho, uyifihla ngaphansi kwe-ketchups, amasoso nama-gravies. Uyicubungula futhi ayilungise ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene: ama-fried, amathumba, izitshulu, njll. Kwenzelweni konke lokhu? Kungani ungadli inyama eluhlaza njengezilwane ezidla ezinye? Izazi eziningi zokudla okunomsoco, izazi zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezazi ze-physiologists ziye zabonisa ngokuqiniseka: abantu abadli inyama ngokwemvelo. Kungakho bakukhuthalele ukushintsha ukudla okungenasici kubo. Ngokomzimba, abantu basondelene kakhulu nezilwane ezidla uhlaza njengezinkawu, izindlovu, amahhashi, nezinkomo kunezilwane ezidla inyama njengezinja, amahlosi nezingwe. Ake sithi izilwane ezidla ezinye azijuluki; kuzo, ukushintshashintsha kokushisa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa abalawuli bezinga lokuphefumula kanye nolimi oluphumayo. Izilwane ezidla imifino (kanye nabantu) zinezindlala zomjuluko zale njongo, lapho izinto ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi ziphuma emzimbeni. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zinamazinyo amade nabukhali ukuze zibambe futhi zibulale inyamazane; izilwane ezidla uhlaza (kanye nabantu) zinamazinyo amafushane futhi azinazo izinzipho. Amathe ezilwane ezidla ezinye aziqukethe i-amylase ngakho-ke awakwazi ukuqhekeka ekuqaleni kwesitashi. Izindlala zezilwane ezidla inyama zikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-hydrochloric acid ukuze kugaywe amathambo. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zidla uketshezi, njengekati, isibonelo, kuyilapho izilwane ezidla uhlaza (kanye nabantu) ziluncela ngamazinyo. Kunemifanekiso eminingi enjalo, futhi ngamunye wabo uyafakaza: umzimba womuntu uhambisana nemodeli yemifino. Ngokwe-physiologically, abantu abajwayele ukudla inyama. Nazi mhlawumbe izimpikiswano ezinamandla kakhulu ezivuna imifino.
2022-11-11