I-Dysphonia iwukuphazamiseka kwezwi okungathinta ukuqina kwayo, iphimbo kanye ne-timbre. Kungaba nezincazelo eziningana. I-Dysphonia ikakhulukazi ingaba yimvelaphi yokuvuvukala, ehlukumezayo, yesimila noma yezinzwa.

I-Dysphonia yisifo sezwi elikhulunywayo esingabonakala ngokuthi:

• ukushintsha kokuqina kwezwi, ngezwi elibuthakathaka kubantu abane-dysphonic;
• ushintsho ekuphakameni kwezwi, ngezwi elijulile kwabesifazane noma izwi eliphakeme kwabesilisa;
• ukushintsha kwephimbo, ngezwi elihoshozelayo, elingashintshi noma elihoshozelayo.

Ngokuya ngecala, i-dysphonia ingaveza:

• ukuqala kungazelelwe noma kancane kancane ;
• ukungakhululeki okungaphezulu noma okuncane.

Icala elikhethekile le-spasmodic dysphonia

I-Spasmodic dysphonia wukuphazamiseka kwezwi okukhethekile okwenzeka kaningi kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-45 kuya kwengama-50. Kuphumela emisebeni yezintambo zezwi. Izimbangela ze-spasmodic dysphonia azikaziwa okwamanje. Ngokwemibono ethile, kungase kubonakale sengathi lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezwi kungokwemvelaphi yengqondo noma yezinzwa. Azikho izilonda eziphilayo ezikhonjwe kubantu abane-spasmodic dysphonia.

I-Dysphonia ibangelwa ukushintsha kokudlidliza kwezintambo zezwi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho i-larynx (isitho sesistimu yokuphefumula etholakala emphinjeni) noma izintambo zezwi zilimele, zivutha noma zingakhululeki. Izimbangela eziningi ze-dysphonia zihlonziwe:

• ukuvuvukala okunamandla noma okungapheli;
• izicubu i-benig noma eyingozi;
• ukuhlukumezeka okuhlukene, ikakhulukazi emphinjeni;
• ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwezinzwa ezithile ezithile.

Izimbangela zemvelaphi yokuvuvukala

Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezwi kungaba umphumela a I-laryngitis, ukuvuvukala okuthinta umphimbo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-laryngitis zingabangela i-dysphonia:

• i-laryngitis yabantu abadala, ngokuvamile imvelaphi ethathelwanayo noma ehlukumezayo, ebonakala ngokuzumayo futhi ihlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa;
• i-laryngitis engapheli okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukubhema kodwa kungenzeka futhi uma kwenzeka kuba umlutha wotshwala, ukucasulwa umusi noma uthuli, ukuqina kwezwi, izifo zepharyngeal noma izifo eziphindaphindiwe ze-sinus sinus;
• i-laryngitis ethile, ukuvuvukala okungavamile kwe-larynx, kuhlanganise nesifo sofuba, i-laryngeal syphilis, i-laryngeal sarcoidosis kanye ne-laryngeal mycosis.

Izimbangela zemvelaphi yesimila

Kwezinye izimo, i-dysphonia ingaba umphumela wezimila emphinjeni:

• izimila ezinobungozi, njengama-glottic tumors nama-supraglottic tumors;
• izimila ezimbi, noma umdlavuza womphimbo, njengomdlavuza wezintambo zezwi, umdlavuza we-supraglottic, noma umdlavuza we-subglottis.

Izimbangela zemvelaphi ebuhlungu

I-Dysphonia ingabangelwa ukuhlukumezeka okuhlukahlukene ku-larynx njenge:

• ukuhlukumezeka kwangaphandle ku-larynx, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka, ukuphuka noma ukugudluka;
• ukuhlukumezeka kwangaphakathi ku-larynx, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-post-intubation granuloma (i-tumor yemvelo yokuvuvukala ebonakaliswa ngokulandela intubation), noma i-crico-arytenoid arthritis (ukuvuvukala kwamalunga e-crico-arytenoid akhona ku-larynx);
• imiphumela engemuva yokuhlinzwa okuyingxenye yelaryngeal.

Izimbangela zemvelaphi yezinzwa

Izifo eziningana zezinzwa zingachaza ukubukeka kwe-dysphonia. Lezi zinkinga zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:

• i-laryngeal palsy ngenxa yokulimala kwe-motor nerve, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka izilonda zangemuva kokuhlinzwa noma isimila ku-thyroid, uqhoqhoqho noma umphimbo;
• isifo sikashukela neuropathy, okuyizinkinga zesifo sikashukela;
• le Isifo se-Guillain-Barré, isifo sokuzivikela komzimba esihlasela isimiso sezinzwa esiseduze;
• la multiple sclerosis, isifo esizimele esithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• imivimbo yobuchopho.

Imiphumela ye-dysphonia iyahlukahluka kuye kwelinye icala. Ngokuvamile, umuntu one-dysphonic ubhekana nokungakhululeki ekushintshaneni ngamazwi ngobunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuzwakala.

Inkambo ye-dysphonia incike emsuka wayo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezwi kungaqhubeka kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kungathuthuka ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu.

Uma kwenzeka i-dysphonia, kuhle, ngangokunokwenzeka, ukubeka izintambo zezwi ekuphumuleni. Ukubonisana nodokotela kunconywa ikakhulukazi uma ukuphazamiseka kwezwi kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.

Ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha kuqukethe ukwelapha imbangela ye-dysphonia kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhubeka. Kuye ngokuxilongwa, kungase kucatshangelwe izindlela zokwelapha eziningana. Kwezinye izimo, isigaba sokuphumula sanele ukumisa i-dysphonia. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungase kucatshangelwe yi-otolaryngologist.