Igama elithi dysmorphia libhekisela kukho konke ukukhubazeka noma ukuguqulwa kwezitho zomzimba womuntu (isibindi, ugebhezi, imisipha, njll.). Ezimweni eziningi, le dysmorphia ikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Kungaba uphawu lwe-syndrome enkulu.

I-Dysmorphia ihlanganisa konke ukukhubazeka komzimba womuntu. Kusukela kwelesiGrikhi elithi “dys”, ubunzima, kanye nelithi “morph”, ifomu, leli gama lichaza ngokunembile izinhlobo ezingavamile zesitho noma enye ingxenye yomzimba. Ama-dysmorphisms maningi kakhulu futhi anobunzima obuhlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-dysmorphia ingakhombisa ngokulingana ubunye obuncane besitho kumuntu ngamunye, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantu, njengokuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Sivame ukukhuluma nge-dysmorphia ukuqoka:

• I-Craniofacial dysmorphia
• I-hepatic dysmorphia (yesibindi)

Esimweni sokuqala, i-dysmorphia kuthiwa iyazalwa, okusho ukuthi ikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Lokhu kuphinde kube yisimo se-dysmorphic extremities (inombolo yeminwe engaphezu kweshumi, ama-knuckles njll.) Nakuba i-dysmorphism yesibindi ingavela ngenxa ye-cirrhosis, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi yayo igciwane noma ngenxa yotshwala. 

Izimbangela

Endabeni ye-dysmorphias yokuzalwa, izimbangela zingahlukahluka. Ukonakala kobuso kuvame ukuba yizimpawu ze-syndrome, njenge-trisomy 21 ngokwesibonelo. 

Izimbangela zingaba yimvelaphi:

• i-teratogenic noma yangaphandle (ukuphuza utshwala, izidakamizwa noma ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa njll.)
• kutheleleka nge-placenta (amagciwane, amagciwane, izimuncagazi)
• imishini (ingcindezi embungwini njll.)
• ufuzo (i-chromosomal enama-trisomi angu-13, 18, 21, amafa, njll.)
• engaziwa

Ngokuphathelene ne-hepatic dysmorphism, ukuvela kwalokhu kungalungi kwenzeka ngokuhambisana ne-cirrhosis. Ocwaningweni olwenziwa ngo-2004, olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Radiology: i-76,6% yeziguli ezingama-300 ezalandelwa ngenxa ye-cirrhosis yethula uhlobo oluthile lwe-hepatic dysmorphism.

kwesifo

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa lapho kuzalwa udokotela wezingane njengengxenye yokulandelwa kwengane. 

Ezigulini ezine-cirrhosis, i-dysmorphia iyinkinga yesifo. Udokotela uzo-oda i-CT scan.

Abantu abahilelekile kanye nezici zobungozi

I-Cranio-Facial Dysmorphies

Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okunemvelaphi ehlukahlukene, kungathinta zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezandisa ukubukeka kwezifo noma ama-syndromes afaka i-dysmorphia: 

• ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• ukudla
• i-pathologies yofuzo 

Isihlahla somndeni esenziwe udokotela wezingane kanye nabazali begazi phezu kwezizukulwane ezimbili noma ezintathu siyanconywa ukuze kubonwe izici eziyingozi.

Ama-Dysmorphies hépathiques

Abantu abane-cirrhosis kufanele babheke i-dysmorphism.

Izimpawu ze-dysmorphia yokuzalwa ziningi. Udokotela wezingane uzoqapha:

Nge-dysmorphia yobuso

• Ukuma kogebhezi, ubukhulu bamafonti
• I-Alopecia
• Ukuma kwamehlo kanye nebanga phakathi kwamehlo
• Ukuma nokuhlangana kwamashiya
• Ukuma kwekhala (impande, ibhuloho lamakhala, ithiphu njll.)
• I-dimple engenhla kwendebe esulwa kwi-fetal alcohol syndrome
• Ukuma komlomo (udebe oluqhekekile, ukujiya kwezindebe, ulwanga, uvula, izinsini, ulimi namazinyo)
• isilevu 
• izindlebe: indawo, ukuma, ubukhulu, ukugoqa kanye nokuma

Kwamanye ama-dysmorphias

• imikhawulo: inani leminwe, iqupha noma ukuhlangana kweminwe, ukungajwayelekile kwesithupha njll.
• isikhumba: ukungezwani kombala, amabala e-café-au-lait, ama-stretch mark njll.

Ama-dysmorphias azalwe nawo awakwazi ukwelashwa. Alikho ikhambi elenziwe.

Amanye amacala e-dysmorphism amnene futhi ngeke adinge ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Abanye bangahlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa; lokhu kuyindaba yokuhlangana kweminwe emibili isibonelo.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zalesi sifo, izingane zizodinga ukuhambisana nodokotela ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo, noma ngisho nokulandela ukwelashwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokuphila zengane noma ukulwa nenkinga ehlobene ne-dysmorphia.

Yize imvelaphi ye-dysmorphism ingaziwa njalo, ukuvezwa kwezingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenzeka ezimeni eziningi. 

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele, noma ngemithamo emincane. Iziguli ezikhulelwe kufanele zihlale zibonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi.