Ukukhwehlela okomile kuyisizathu esivame kakhulu sokubonisana nodokotela. Akusona isifo, kepha uphawu, oluncane kukodwa kepha lungaba nezimbangela eziningi.

Ukukhwehlela kungukuphefumula okungazelelwe nokuphoqelelwe kwe-air reflex, okufanele kwenze kube nokwenzeka "ukuhlanza" umgudu wokuphefumula. Ngokungafani nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhwehlela okunamafutha, ukukhwehlela okomile akuvezi isikhwehlela (akusikhiqizi). Imvamisa kuba ukukhwehlela okucasulayo.

Ukukhwehlela kungahlukaniswa noma kuhambisane nezinye izimpawu, ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhala eligijimayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenzeka ukuthi ukukhwehlela okomile bese kuba namafutha, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, njengasesimweni se-bronchitis ngokwesibonelo.

Ukukhwehlela akukaze kube yinto ejwayelekile: akusho ukuthi kubucayi ngempela, kepha kufanele kube yinto yokubonisana nodokotela, ikakhulukazi uma iba yisifo esingelapheki, okusho ukuthi uma iphikelela isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu. Kulokhu, kudingeka i-x-ray yamaphaphu nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukukhwehlela okomile kungadalwa yizimo eziningi.

Imvamisa, kwenzeka ngesizinda sokutheleleka "okubandayo" noma ukuphefumula futhi kuxazululwe ngokuzenzekelayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Imvamisa kuyigciwane elibandakanyekayo, elibanga ukukhwehlela okuhambisana ne-nasopharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis noma i-sinusitis, njll.

Ukukhwehlela okungapheli (ngaphezu kwamasonto amathathu) kukhathaza kakhulu. Udokotela uzoba nentshisekelo kubudala bakhe kanye nezimo zokwenzeka ukuzama ukuqonda imbangela:

• ukukhwehlela ikakhulukazi ebusuku?
• kwenzeka ngemva kokuzivocavoca?
• ingabe isiguli siyabhema?
• ukukhwehlela kubangelwa ukuvezwa komzimba (ikati, impova, njll)?
• Ingabe ukhona umthelela esimweni esivamile (ukuqwasha, ukukhathala, njll.)?

Ngokuvamile, i-x-ray yesifuba izodinga ukwenziwa.

Ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Phakathi kokuvamile:

• ukukhishwa kwamakhala okusemuva noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngemuva: ukukhwehlela ikakhulukazi ekuseni, futhi kuhambisana nokungakhululeki emphinjeni nasekhaleni eligobayo. Izimbangela kungaba yisinusitis engapheli, i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba, ukukhwehlela kokucasulwa kwegciwane, njll.
• ukukhwehlela 'okudonsa' ngemva kokungenwa yizifo zokuphefumula zonyaka
• i-asthma: ukukhwehlela kuvame ukubangelwa ukuzikhandla, ukuphefumula kungaba ukushaywa umoya
• isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal noma i-GERD (enesibopho sama-20% wokukhwehlela okungamahlalakhona): ukukhwehlela okungamahlalakhona kungaba uphawu kuphela
• ukucasuka (ukuba khona komzimba wangaphandle, ukuchayeka ekungcoleni noma ezintweni ezicasulayo, njll.)
• umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukukhwehlela (ukukhwehlela okufana nokulingana)

Imithi eminingi ingadala ukukhwehlela, okuvame ukoma, okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhwehlela iatrogenic noma ukukhwehlela okunomuthi. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezivame ukuboshwa:

• Ama-ACE inhibitors
• ama-beta-blocker
• izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala / i-aspirin
• izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo kwabesifazane ababhemayo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35

Ukukhwehlela kungashintsha kakhulu izinga lempilo, ikakhulukazi uma kusebusuku, kubangele ukuqwasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhwehlela kucasula umgudu wokuphefumula, ongenza ukukhwehlela kube kubi kakhulu. Lo mjikelezo ononya uvame ukubhekana nokukhwehlela okungapheli, ikakhulukazi ngemuva komkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka kokuphefumula kwenkathi.

Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli ukukhwehlela "kudonsele ngaphandle", noma ngabe kubonakala kuyinto encane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezithile zobucayi zingahambisana nokukhwehlela okomile futhi kufanele zikushukumisele ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu:

• ukuwohloka kwesimo esijwayelekile
• ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuzwa ukuqina
• ubukhona begazi esikhwehlelweni
• ukukhwehlela okusha noma okushintshiwe kumuntu obhemayo

Ukukhwehlela akusona isifo, kodwa uphawu. Yize eminye imishanguzo inganciphisa noma inciphise ukukhwehlela okomile (okokuvimbela ukukhwehlela), kubalulekile ukwazi imbangela ngoba le mithi ayizona izindlela zokwelapha.

Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwezinciphisi zokukhwehlela ezithengiswa ngakho-ke akunconywa, futhi kufanele kugwenywe uma kuwukukhwehlela okungapheli, ngaphandle kwalapho udokotela othile eluleke ngenye indlela.

Lapho ukukhwehlela okomile kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kuphazamisa ukulala, futhi / noma kungekho sizathu esivelwayo (ukukhwehlela okucasulayo), udokotela anganquma ukunquma isicindezeli sokukhwehlela (kunezinhlobo eziningana: i-opiate noma cha, i-antihistamine noma cha, njll.).

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kuyehluka kuye ngesizathu. I-asthma, ngokwesibonelo, ingalawulwa ngama-DMARD, ngezindlela zokwelashwa okufanele zithathwe njengoba kudingeka ekuhlaselweni.

I-GERD ibuye izuze emithini ehlukahlukene ephumelelayo, kusuka “kumabhandishi esiswini” alula kuya emithini kadokotela efana neproton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Uma kwenzeka kukhona ukungezwani komzimba, ukwelashwa kokuncishiswa kwenhliziyo kwesinye isikhathi kungabhekwa.