Ama-clony ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, okungazibandakanyi, okungavamile noma ukuthuthumela. Ngemvelaphi ehlukahlukene kakhulu, la ma-clonies angaba nezimbangela ezihlukile, zokugula noma cha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-clony, kepha ngakunye kwazo kungaba nekhambi. Ziyini izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kwama-clony?

Ama-Clonies (abizwa nangokuthi i-myoclonus) ukuthuthumela okungajwayelekile nokungazibandakanyi noma ukunyakaza, okubonakala ngesigqi esinqunyelwe nokushaywa umoya, ukunyakaza okuncane noma cha, kanye nokwenzeka kwaso ngokushintshanisa ukucindezela kwemisipha nokuphumula.

Lokhu kuhamba okungazibandakanyi kungahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuhlotshaniswa, ngenxa yokuphuza izidakamizwa, ukucindezeleka, ukunyakaza okukhulu kakhulu. Lesi yisibonakaliso esingeke sithathe indawo yokuxilongwa.

Zibangelwa yisistimu yezinzwa ngezizathu eziningi ezingaba khona. Kungumnyakazo ongalawulwa ngokuphelele futhi ongazibandakanyi. Isibonelo, ama-hiccups, noma ukwethuka kokulala kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwama-clony. Akuzona njalo imvelaphi yezifo, kepha ziyabonakala kaningi esimweni se-pathological pathologies (isithuthwane, i-encephalopathy).

Lokhu kudlidlizela kungabalwa ngokuya ngesigqi abasibeka enyakazweni, imvamisa yokwenzeka kwaso kanye nesimo sazo sokwenzeka (ukuphumula noma ngesikhathi somzamo, isibonelo).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuthuthumela (noma ama-clony).

Ukuthuthumela kwesenzo noma kwenhloso

Lokhu kuzamazama kuvela lapho isiguli senza ukunyakaza ngokuzithandela ngokunemba kwesenzo. Isibonelo, ngokuletha ingilazi yamanzi emlonyeni wakhe, isenzo siyashintshwa, sijabulise futhi sikhubazeke ngamajezi anesigqi.

Isimo sokuthuthumela

Lokhu kuzamazama kuvela ekunakekelweni kokuzithandela kwesimo sengqondo, ngokwesibonelo, izandla ezeluliwe noma izandla. Ngakho-ke kufana nokubuyela emuva kokundindizela kokuphumula, ngoba kunyamalala ngokuphelele endaweni yokuphumula (ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu). Kuphezulu lapho kugcinwa isimo esimisiwe, noma ukuthwala umthwalo.

Ukuzamazama okuphumuzayo

Ihambisana nokuzamazama kweparkinsonia (isifo sikaParkinson). Ukudlidlizela kwenzeka noma isiguli singenzi ukunyakaza okuthile. Ubukhulu ekuphumuleni, buyancishiswa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza futhi abuveli ngesikhathi sokulala, kepha bungakhuphuka uma kuba nemizwa noma ukukhathala.

Siyabiza futhi ukuthuthumela kwe-cerebellar ukundindizela ngamabomu ngenxa yokulimala kwe-cerebellum, imbangela yayo okuyimisipha noma i-multiple sclerosis, isibonelo.

Ama-clony wokuphila

Ukuba nama-clony akusona isibonakaliso se-pathology noma impilo ebuthaka. Uma kungekho lutho olungavamile ngokuvela kwazo (njengama-hiccups, noma izingane ezilalayo, isibonelo), zibizwa ngokuthi ama-clony womzimba.

Izici ezithile zingakhuthaza ukuzamazama kohlobo lomzimba:

• ukucindezeleka;
• ukukhathala;
• imizwa (njengokukhathazeka);
• ukuhoxa ezintweni eziluthayo;
• ama-corticosteroids;
• noma ngisho nekhofi.

Ama-clony wesibili

Kwingxenye yesithathu yamacala, ama-clony awawona omzimba, kodwa imvelaphi yezifo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-clony yesibili.

Nalu uhlu lwezifo olungaqala lolu hlobo lwama-clony:

• isithuthwane;
• izifo ezingenayo i-neurodeergenerative ezinjengeParkinson's, Alzheimer's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Huntington;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo njenge-HIV, isifo se-Lyme, i-encephalitis, i-syphilis, i-malaria;
• ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism (njengokuntuleka kweshukela egazini, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu ngokweqile kwamahomoni wegilo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-renal noma i-hepatic, ukushoda kwe-calcium, i-sodium noma i-magnesium, kepha nokushoda kwamavithamini E noma i-B8);
• ukushaywa yilanga;
• ugesi;
• ukuhlukumezeka.

Singaphinde sibone ama-cloni lapho umzimba uchayeka emikhiqizweni enobuthi njengezibulala-zinambuzane, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kodwa futhi nasekuphuzeni izidakamizwa (ama-antidepressants, i-lithium, i-neuroleptics, i-anesthetics).

Njenganoma yisiphi isibonakaliso, ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu. Uma kuyi-clony yomzimba, ngeke kube khona ukwelashwa, ngoba lesi sibonakaliso asiyona into engavamile.

Endabeni ye-clonia yesibili, uma ijwayelekile kakhulu futhi ivame ukwenziwa, izivivinyo zizodingeka ukuze kubonakale ngokucacile ukubonakaliswa kwazo, bese kukhonjwa imbangela. Ngokuya ngalokhu, ukwelashwa okufanelekile kungakhethwa ngudokotela ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Ngakho-ke, kuya ngokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangelwa yisifo sikaParkinson noma ukuhoxiswa kotshwala, ukwelashwa ngeke kufane.

Uma imbangela ingukukhathazeka, ama-anxiolytics angabhalwa, noma kunjalo, uqaphele ingozi yokuncika.

Imithi ethile izophinda isebenze ngqo kulolu phawu (i-clonazepam, i-piracetam, i-botulinum toxin, njll.) Futhi inganciphisa kakhulu imisipha ephazamisayo.