Dracaena ekhaya

I-Dracaena (i-Dracaena) evela emndenini we-Asparagus ihlala emvelweni ezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseYurophu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zezihlahla nezihlahla zalolu hlobo emhlabeni. Ku-floriculture yasendlini, yiqiniso, kusetshenziswa inani elilinganiselwe lezinhlobo, kepha zonke ziyahluka ngokubukeka kwazo okumangazayo nokuzithoba, okuyisici sezitshalo ezinoshukela (1).

Inganekwane yasendulo yama-Aztec ikhuluma kahle ngemvelo yedracaena.

Iqhawe lacela indodakazi yomholi njengomkakhe. Wathi ubaba: thatha induku, uyifake emhlabathini, uyichelele, uma ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-5 kuvela amaqabunga kuyo, ngizoyinika indodakazi yami. Iqhawe lathatha induku yedracaena, layinamathisela phakathi futhi ... lijabule emshadweni. Kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho i-dracaena ibizwa ngokuthi "isihlahla senjabulo."

Izinhlobo ze-dracaena ekhaya

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-dracaena ku-floriculture yasendlini, kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezi-4 - i-dracaena ka-Godsef, i-Sander's dracaena, i-dracaena enephunga elimnandi kanye ne-dracaena esemngceleni. Lezi yizinhlobo ezingenasizotha kakhulu.

I-Dracaena inomngcele (i-Dracaena marginata). Lesi sitshalo esihle esihlala siluhlaza ekhaya sikhula sifike ku-3 m. Inamaqabunga amancane afinyelela ku-70 cm ubude, ngokuvamile aluhlaza okumnyama anomngcele omncane we-beet-brown emaphethelweni. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu nezimo ezifanele, i-dracaena ingakhipha ama-ambrella inflorescence anezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi. Bavula ebusuku kuphela (2).

Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo eziningana ezithakazelisayo:

• I-Bicolor (Bicolor) – enamaqabunga aluhlaza ngokugqamile anomugqa obomvana.
• I-Colorama - amaqabunga akhe aluhlaza ngaphansi, futhi cishe ngokuphelele i-burgundy phezulu, umbala oluhlaza ubonakala ngokulambisa.
• Magenta – enamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomugqa obomvu.
• I-Tricolor (Tricolor) – enamaqabunga anomugqa obomvu-ophuzi.

Dracaena Sandera (Dracaenasanderiana). I-Lucky Bamboo (I-Bamboo yenjabulo) - lolu hlobo lwe-dracaena luthengiswa ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Njengomthetho, lesi akusona isitshalo esihlukile, kodwa ukwakheka kweziqu ezimbalwa ezinamahlamvu phezulu.

I-Dracaena Sandera ikhula ifike ku-1 m ukuphakama. Kuyisihlahla esincanyana esinesiqu esiluhlaza ngokukhanyayo. Amagatsha akhula aqondile, amaqabunga ayisiliva anomkhawulo we-wavy 3-4 cm ububanzi no-26 cm ubude abukeka njenge-lancet.

Lolu hlobo luphinde lube nezinhlobo eziningana ezithakazelisayo:

• I-lotus yegolide (i-Golden Lotus) – enamaqabunga aphuzi aphuzi;
• Igolide Lenhlanhla – enamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nomngcele ophuzi;
• Ukukhanya kwenyanga (Moon Shine) – anamaqabunga aluhlaza anemigqa emhlophe nesiliva;
• White – enamaqabunga amhlophe okuqala anomugqa obanzi okhanyayo oluhlaza phakathi;
• AbakwaCeles - yilolu hlobo olunamaqabunga alula aluhlaza oluthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Lucky Bamboo.

Dracaena Godseffiana (Dracaena Godseffiana). Lolu hlobo luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-dracaena yegolide" futhi ngaphandle kwehluke kakhulu kwezinye. Ukuphakama kwawo kungama-60 cm kuphela, amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-oval aneziqongo ezibukhali kanye nombala wangempela: oluhlaza onamabala amaningi amhlophe noma ukhilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga athambile futhi abushelelezi uma uwathinta. Lokhu kubukeka kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuholela ekutheni idracaena ka-Godsef iphanjaniswe ne-aucuba ngisho ne-dieffenbachia.

I-shrub ikhula ngokushesha ngobubanzi ngenxa ye-branching esebenzayo. Izitshalo ezincane zivame ukuqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane, ezinuka kamnandi ngokuphuzi ngokuluhlaza.

Lolu hlobo luthanda ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe, kodwa emthunzini lulahlekelwa ngokushesha umbala wamaqabunga.

Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu:

• umthamo wezinkanyezi - izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezinamacembe anemibala ekhanyayo kanye nomugqa omhlophe phakathi nendawo;
• U-Janita (Juanita) – enamaqabunga aluhlaza anephethini elufifi yamabala kakhilimu kanye nomugqa omncane omhlophe phakathi;
• Ubuhle baseFlorida (Ubuhle baseFlorida) – enamabala akhilimu emaqabunga kanye nomugqa ophuzi phakathi nendawo.

I-Dracaena enephunga elimnandi (Dracaena amakha). Le dracaena ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezimbali; ihlotshiswe ngamahhovisi kanye nefoya yezakhiwo zomphakathi. Ngokunakekela okuhle, ikhula ibe ngu-2 m. Amaqabunga amade, alenga, agobile kancane aqoqwe ku-rosette. Ayacwebezela, aluhlaza anemigqa ebanzi. Ubude bamaqabunga bungafinyelela ku-1 m ububanzi obuyi-10 cm. Emvelweni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo, i-dracaena enephunga elimnandi iqhakaza ngempumelelo kakhulu, ikhipha iphunga loju notshani. Nokho, ezimweni zekamelo akunakwenzeka ukufeza izimbali.

Kukholakala ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-dracaena luhlanza kahle kakhulu umoya wasendlini kusuka ku-benzene, trichlorethylene kanye ne-formaldehyde.

Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu:

• I-Massangeana (Massangeana) – enamaqabunga ahlukahlukene kanye nomugqa ophuzi obanzi phakathi nendawo yeqabunga ngalinye;
• Isi-Варнески (Werneckii) - enamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomngcele omhlophe obanzi;
• IsiMalayani (Malaika) - isitshalo esihlangene (ubude bamaqabunga abudluli ku-40 cm) esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okhanyayo, anomugqa oluhlaza phakathi nendawo, umngcele omhlophe ophenduka ube luhlaza obumnyama;
• UJanet Craig - isihlahlana esikhulu esifinyelela ku-2 m ukuphakama esinombala oluhlaza okotshani, okungathi ama-ribbed amaqabunga angaphezu kwama-30 cm ubude.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Dracaena ekhaya

Lapho ukhula i-dracaena, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi yizitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, badinga izinga lokushisa elingu-+18 ... +25 ° С, futhi ebusika, ngesikhathi sokulala, badinga izinga lokushisa elingekho ngaphansi kuka-+12 ° С, kodwa lingabi ngaphezu kuka-+18 ° С.

Ground

I-Dracaena ithanda inhlabathi ene-acidic noma ene-acidic kancane. Kufanele zibe zivundile, zikhishwe kahle, kodwa zibe nzima kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo ezihlahleni zesundu.

Noma uzenzele ngenhlabathi ene-soddy, i-humus yamaqabunga, ubumba nesihlabathi esimahhadla noma i-perlite (1: 1: 1: 1: 1). Lapho utshala izitshalo zabantu abadala (ezingaphezu kweminyaka emi-4), ingxenye ye-humus iyanda ibe izingxenye ezi-3.

Lighting

Izinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukukhula kuphela ekukhanyeni okuhlukanisiwe, kodwa futhi emthunzini, kodwa umbala wamaqabunga ekugcineni uzokhanya kancane.

Indawo engcono kakhulu yebhodwe eline-dracaena yifasitela lefasitela eliseningizimu noma entshonalanga.

Umswakama

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-dracaena ziyamelana nesomiso, kepha ukwakheka okuhle nombala ogqamile wamaqabunga, ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kuncike ekuniseleni okuphezulu. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngemva kokuba inhlabathi yomile ibe ukujula okungama-2 - 3 cm.

I-Dracaena isabela kahle kakhulu ngokufafaza njalo ngamanzi athambile. Ehlobo, kuhle ukuhlela ishawa efudumele kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuya kweziyi-7.

Ngesikhathi sokulala, ebusika, ukuchelela kuyehla kube isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga.

umquba

Lapho utshala noma ufaka i-dracaena emhlabathini, ungangeza umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali wezitshalo ezinamaqabunga okuhlobisa. Ungasebenzisi umlotha nama-fertilizer ane-calcium ephezulu.

Ukudla

I-Dracaena ivundiswa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba 1 esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyi-14 - 15.

- Uma kungenakwenzeka ukondla i-dracaena njalo, ngikweluleka ukuthi usebenzise izinti zomanyolo - izingcezu ezingu-2 - 4 ebhodweni ngalinye, kuye ngobukhulu besitshalo izinyanga ezingu-2, - weluleka umqoqi wezitshalo zasendlini u-Elizaveta Starostina.

Ukunciphisa

I-Dracaena ikhula yodwa kuphela phezulu, kanti amaqabunga aphansi ayafa futhi aveze isiqu. Ukuze ubukeke njengesihlahla esihle noma isihlahla esiluhlaza, ukuthena okwakhayo kuyenziwa. Njengomthetho, ukuthenwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngobude obungama-30 cm. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezidinga ukulungisa ukuphakama kwesitshalo, ukuthenwa okuphezulu okuvame ukwenziwa ku-dracaena eseceleni, i-reflex dracaena kanye ne-dracaena enephunga elimnandi.

Uma i-dracaena ine-multi-stemmed, khona-ke iziqu zisikwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene.

Indawo esikiwe iphathwa ngesikhuthazi sokukhula, bese ivikelwa nge-pitch yasengadini noma nge-wax. Ukuze uvuse inani eliphakeme lama-buds, iziqongo zeziqu ezisikiwe ziboshwe nge-moss nokugoqa kwepulasitiki, lapho ama-punctures amaningana enziwa khona ngenaliti.

Ngemuva kokuthena, kuvela ama-buds amaningana esiqwini. Uma zibekwe ngokulinganayo, wonke umuntu uyazishiya; uma besondelene kakhulu, abancane nababuthakathaka bayasitshulwa.

Isikhathi esihle sokusika izihlahla ngu-Ephreli noma ingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi. Ngemuva kokuthena, izitshalo zifakwa endaweni ekhanyayo enezinga lokushisa lomoya lika + 25 ° C futhi zifafazwe njalo ngamanzi afudumele athambile.

Ngaphezu kokwenza izihlahla, ukuthenwa kwe-sanitary kuyasetshenziswa. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ngobusuku bangaphambi kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze kususwe izingxenye ezomile zamaqabunga amaqabunga, ngoba ngisho nakuleli fomu basusa ingxenye yokondleka esitshalweni sisonke.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-dracaena ekhaya

Ukukhula kusuka embewini kuyinqubo ende futhi akuvamile ukunikeza umphumela omuhle. Kodwa i-dracaena isakazwa kalula ngokusikwa kwe-apical nezicucu ze-stem.

Ukusika. Ukuze usakaze ngokusikwa, kubalulekile ukuba nommese obukhali kakhulu, amabhodwe amancane ane-substrate elula, indawo ekhanyayo enezinga lokushisa elingu-+25 ° C.

Ama-cuttings asikwa esiqwini esingenalutho, ekhetha izindawo lapho amaqabunga akhulela khona (okungukuthi, ukusika kwenziwa ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwe-internode), ukusikeka kuthululwe ngesikhuthazi sokwakheka kwezimpande, kubekwe phansi emhlabathini, kuthululwe. 2 cm inhlabathi phezulu. Ibhodwe elinesikwele inyanga limbozwa ngembiza noma isikhwama sepulasitiki. Lapho nje amahlumela avela emhlabathini, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa futhi izitshalo ziqala ukukhula ukuze zitshalwe ezimbizeni.

Ukusika okuvela esiqwini esingenalutho kungafakwa engilazini yamanzi kanye nethonsi le-Zircon, futhi lapho kuvela ama-rudiments ezimpande, atshalwe ezimbizeni ezine-substrate elula.

Iziqongo zamahlumela. Ungakwazi futhi ukusabalalisa i-dracaena ngokususa iziqongo zamahlumela asele ngemva kokuthena izitshalo zabantu abadala. Ukusika okuphansi kufakwe i-Kornevin, kujule ngo-2-4 cm emhlabathini okhanyayo, lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki esinama-punctures amaningana futhi sibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele yokuhluma. Lapho nje amaqabunga amasha eqala ukukhula, lesi sitshalo singatshalwa kabusha ebhodweni.

Ngokufanayo amahlumela anezimpande nangemuva, akhiwa efihlekile ngemva kokuthena.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Dracaena ekhaya

Isikhathi esihle sokufakelwa kabusha intwasahlobo. Isikhathi sokuqala i-dracaena itshalwa kabusha ngenyanga ngemva kokuthenga. Ibhodwe lithathwa ngaphezu kuka-2 cm ububanzi. Khona-ke ukufakelwa kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni engu-2 - 3, ukwandisa umthamo webhodwe futhi uvuselele inhlabathi. Nokho, njalo entwasahlobo inhlabathi engaphezulu iyavuselelwa.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo aziniselwa izinsuku ezi-4. Isigaxa sobumba sithathwa ngokucophelela, izimpande zihlolisiswa, ezilimele ziyasuswa, izingxenye zithululwe ngomlotha. Phakathi kwegaqa lomhlaba nezindonga zebhodwe kufanele kube ngu-1,5 - 2 cm.

Kudingeka izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngendlela yobumba olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe.

Uma isitshalo sikhulu futhi sidala, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa, ulondoloze ngokucophelela i-cd yobumba. Ngezitshalo ezinkulu, thenga ibhodwe lengilazi elizinzile.

- Uma i-dracaena ingakhuli kahle, noma uthola izimpande zibolile, ukufakelwa kabusha ngokushesha. Ngisho nasebusika, - incoma umqoqi u-Elizaveta Starostina. “Lena yindlela eqinisekile yokusindisa lesi sitshalo.

Izifo ze-dracaena ekhaya

I-Alternaria. Ibonakala njengamachashaza omile anendawo ekhanyayo emaqabunga neziqu. Kancane kancane, izicubu ezithintekile ziba mnyama.

Lesi sifo sicindezelwa ngokufafazwa ngama-fungicides anethusi noma i-Fundazol. Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezigulayo kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10.

Igciwane le-wilt elinotamatisi. Izitshalo ezithelelekile ziqala ukusala ngemuva ekukhuleni, amaqabunga amancane akhubazekile, imigqa ye-longitudinal ensundu kanye namabala avela kuzo.

Akukho ngaphansi kokwelashwa - izitshalo ziyabhujiswa.

I-Phyllostictosis. Ithelela amaqabunga, ishiya amabala amakhulu ansundu ngokuphaphathekile anomngcele ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ome ngokushesha.

I-Topaz ne-Oksihom fungicides isetshenziselwa ukuvikela isitshalo.

Izinambuzane ze-dracaena ezenziwe ekhaya

I-Mealybug. Ihlasela amaqabunga neziqu futhi iyabonakala ngokuphuma kwayo kwe-cottony, waxy.

Izitshalo kumele zigezwe ngaphansi kweshawa, kusetshenziswa isisombululo sensipho. Bese ufafaza nge-Aktara noma amalungiselelo e-Aktellik (3). Phinda ukwelashwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-14.

I-spider mite. Igcwalisa isitshalo uma igumbi linomoya owomile nofudumele. Ekukhanyeni, ama-punctures emaqabunga ayabonakala, nenani elikhulu lezinambuzane, ama-cobwebs ayabonakala.

Izitshalo zifuthwa kabili ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-14 nge-Acarin, Bicol noma Fitoverm (3).

Ama-thrips. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga futhi zidla amajusi esitshalo. Amaqabunga aba umbala ompunga ngokunsundu nombala osiliva.

Kuyadingeka ukufafaza izitshalo nge-Aktellik izikhathi ezingama-2-3.

Shchitovka. Ithinta amaqabunga, isiqu namagatsha, icindezela isitshalo.

Izinambuzane zisuswa nge-cotton swab efakwe otshwaleni. Isitshalo sibe sesigezwa ngamanzi anensipho. Izinsalela zezinambuzane zesikali zibhujiswa nge-Actellik.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sibuze nge-gardenia umqoqi wezitshalo zasendlini u-Elizaveta Starostina – uphendule imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu ngabatshali bezimbali.

Imithombo ye

1. Umndeni ka-Ivanina LI Dracaenaceae / Impilo yezitshalo: emiqulu engu-6 // M .: Ezemfundo, 1982.
2. I-Huxley A. Isichazamazwi Esisha Se-RHS Sengadi. - 2: 96-97 // Macmillan, 1992
3. Ikhathalogi yesifundazwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo avunyelwe ukuthi asetshenziswe endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/imboni-ulwazi/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/