UDmitry uyi-freegan - umuntu othanda ukumba udoti efuna ukudla nezinye izinzuzo ezibonakalayo. Ngokungafani nabangenamakhaya kanye nezinxibi, ama-freegans enza kanjalo ngenxa yezizathu ezingokwengqondo, ukuze aqede umonakalo wokusebenzisa ngokweqile ohlelweni lwezomnotho oluhloselwe inzuzo phezu kokunakekela, ekuphathweni kobuntu kwezinsiza zeplanethi: ukonga imali ukuze kube nokwanele kuwo wonke umuntu. Abalandeli benkululeko banciphisa ukubamba iqhaza kwabo empilweni yendabuko yezomnotho futhi balwela ukunciphisa izinsiza ezisetshenziswayo. Ngomqondo omncane, i-freeganism iwuhlobo lwe-anti-globalism.
Ngokwe-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene, minyaka yonke cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokudla okukhiqizwayo, cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,3, kuyamoshwa futhi kumoshwe. EYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, inani lokudla elichithwa minyaka yonke kumuntu ngamunye lingama-95 kg no-115 kg, ngokulandelana, eRussia lesi sibalo siphansi - 56 kg.
I-freegan movement yaqala e-United States ngeminyaka yawo-1990 njengokusabela ekusetshenzisweni komphakathi okungenangqondo. Le filosofi isisentsha eRussia. Kunzima ukulandelela inani eliqondile lamaRussia alandela indlela yokuphila yamahhala, kodwa kunamakhulu abalandeli emiphakathini enezihloko ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu: eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg naseYekaterinburg. Abaningi bamahhala, njengo-Dimitri, babelana ngezithombe zabo abakutholile ku-inthanethi, bashintshisane ngamathiphu okuthola nokulungisa ukudla okulahliwe kodwa okudliwayo, futhi baze badwebe amamephu ezindawo “ezivumayo” kakhulu.
“Konke kwaqala ngo-2015. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngagibela i-Sochi okokuqala ngqa futhi engangihamba nabo bangitshela ngokukhululeka. Bengingenayo imali eningi, bengihlala etendeni ogwini lolwandle, ngabona kungcono ngizame ukuzenzela umathanda,” kukhumbula yena.
Indlela yokubhikisha noma yokusinda?
Nakuba abanye abantu benengekile lapho becabanga ukuthi kufanele baphequlule udoti, abangane bakaDimitri abamahluleli. “Umndeni wami nabangani bayangeseka, kwesinye isikhathi ngize ngibacobelele engikutholayo. Ngiyazi ama-freegans amaningi. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi abantu abaningi bayakuthakasela ukuthola ukudla kwamahhala.”
Ngempela, uma kwabanye, i-freeganism iyindlela yokubhekana nokuchithwa kokudla ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kwabaningi eRussia, yizinkinga zezimali ezibacindezela kule ndlela yokuphila. Abantu abaningi asebekhulile, njengoSergei, ohola impesheni eSt. “Ngezinye izikhathi ngithola isinkwa noma imifino. Okokugcina ngathola ibhokisi lama-tangerines. Kukhona owayilahla kodwa ngangakwazi ukuyicosha ngoba ibisinda futhi nendlu yami ikude,” usho kanje.
UMaria, oneminyaka engu-29 ubudala osebenza ezimele waseMoscow owayeqhuba umsebenzi wokuziphilisa iminyaka emithathu edlule, naye uyavuma ukuthi wayithatha le ndlela yokuphila ngenxa yesimo sakhe sezimali. “Kunesikhathi lapho ngangichitha khona imali eningi ngilungisa amafulethi futhi ngingenawo ama-oda emsebenzini. Nganginezikweletu eziningi kakhulu engangizikhokhele, ngakho ngaqala ukonga ngokudla. Ngabuka ifilimu ekhuluma ngokukhululeka futhi nganquma ukubheka abantu abakwenzayo. Ngahlangana nowesifazane osemusha naye owayenesimo esinzima sezimali futhi sasisiya ezitolo zokudla kanye ngesonto, sibheke emigqonyeni yokulahla imfucumfucu namabhokisi emifino egayiwe izitolo ezaziwashiya emgwaqweni. Sithole imikhiqizo eminingi emihle. Ngathatha kuphela okwakupakishiwe noma engangingakubilisa noma ngikuthose. Angikaze ngidle lutho oluluhlaza,” usho kanje.
Kamuva, uMaria waba ngcono ngemali, ngesikhathi esifanayo washiya ukuzimela.
ugibe olungokomthetho
Ngenkathi ama-freegans kanye nezishoshovu ezikanye nabo zezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi bakhuthaza indlela ehlakaniphile yokudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi ngokwabelana ngokudla, besebenzisa izithako ezilahliwe futhi benzela abaswele ukudla kwamahhala, abathengisi begrosa baseRussia babonakala “beboshwe” yizidingo zomthetho.
Kunezikhathi lapho abasebenzi basezitolo bephoqeleka ukuthi bachithe ngamabomu ukudla okudliwayo okunamanzi angcolile, amalahle noma i-soda esikhundleni sokupha abantu ukudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthetho wase-Russian uvimbela amabhizinisi ukuthi adlulisele izimpahla eziphelelwe yisikhathi kunoma yini enye ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi okugaya kabusha. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela le mfuneko kungase kubangele inhlawulo esukela ku-RUB 50 ukuya ku-RUB 000 ngokuphulwa ngakunye. Okwamanje, okuwukuphela kwento izitolo ezingayenza ngokusemthethweni isaphulelo semikhiqizo eseza osukwini lwazo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Esinye isitolo esincane segrosa e-Yakutsk size sazama ukwethula ishalofu lamahhala legilosa kumakhasimende anezinkinga zezimali, kodwa ukuhlola kwehlulekile. Njengoba u-Olga, umnikazi wesitolo, achaza, amakhasimende amaningi aqala ukuthatha ukudla kulelishalofu: “Abantu babengaqondi ukuthi le mikhiqizo ngeyabampofu.” Isimo esifanayo senzeka eKrasnoyarsk, lapho labo ababedinga usizo babenamahloni okuza ukudla kwamahhala, kuyilapho amakhasimende akhuthele efuna ukudla kwamahhala efika ngokushesha.
E-Russia, amasekela avame ukunxuswa ukuba amukele izichibiyelo zomthetho “Okuvikeleka Kwamalungelo Abathengi” ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo ephelelwe yisikhathi kwabampofu. Manje izitolo ziphoqelekile ukuthi zisuse ukubambezeleka, kodwa ngokuvamile ukugaywa kabusha kubiza kakhulu kunezindleko zemikhiqizo ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabaningi, le ndlela izodala imakethe engekho emthethweni yemikhiqizo ephelelwe yisikhathi ezweni, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi imikhiqizo eminingi ephelelwe yisikhathi iyingozi empilweni.