Ingabe amaphawundi engeziwe anganezela isisindo kithi emehlweni abanye futhi, ngenxa yalokho, asisize emsebenzini? Yebo no cha: konke kuncike ekutheni buyini ubulili bethu. Ososayensi basanda kufika eziphethweni ezinjalo.
Ingabe izwi lomuntu okhuluphele ngokweqile libhekwa njengelikholisayo futhi linesisindo? Kubonakala kunjalo. Kunoma yikuphi, lesi yisiphetho abacwaningi baseCornell University abasanda kufika kuso. Kodwa kwabesifazane, maye, lo mthetho awusebenzi.
“Kungase kubonakale sengathi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umnyakazo okhuthaza umzimba udlondlobala, ukukhuluphala kusacwaswa emphakathini wanamuhla,” ukuphawula ababhali bocwaningo uKevin M. Nuffin, uVicki L. Bogan noDavid R. Just. Kodwa-ke, sithole ukuthi "indoda enkulu" ibonwa ngabaningi njengazo zonke izici - nokho, kuphela uma kuyindoda."
"Okukhulu", "okuqinile", "okuhlaba umxhwele" - lawa amagama esiwasebenzisa ukuchaza kokubili umuntu okhuluphele kanye nomuntu onegunya, mhlawumbe ngisho nomholi. Futhi lokhu akukona ukucabanga okungaqondakali: ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yocwaningo kubonise ukuthi izihloko zibona ngempela amadoda akhuluphele njengabakholisa kakhulu. Futhi okuphambene nalokho: ngokombono wabo, umuntu onegunya ngokuvamile unesisindo esingaphezu kwabanye.
Ukucwaswa “kwesisindo” kungabonakala kuzo zonke izigaba zokwakha umsebenzi
Yiqiniso, lokhu akusebenzi kwabesifazane. Abacwaningi bacele izihloko ukuthi zibheke izithombe zabesilisa nabesifazane ezinobukhulu obuhlukene futhi zilinganisele ukuthi zibukeka zikholisa kangakanani. Ababambiqhaza babebheka abantu abakhuluphele ngisho namadoda akhuluphele kakhulu njengabanegunya, kodwa abesifazane abakhuluphele babengekho. Ngokusho kukaNiffin, ucwaningo oluningiliziwe oluhlukile luyadingeka ukuze kucaciswe lo mphumela, kodwa kungase kube ngenxa yokulindela umphakathi kanye nemibono evamile mayelana nobuhle besifazane.
Umqondisi weCenter for Food Policy and Obesity e-University of Connecticut, u-Rebecca Poole, usikhumbuza ukuthi umphakathi ukubheka ngendlela ehlukile ukuzaca kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bathunjwa yimibono engavamile mayelana nobuhle, futhi uma imizimba yabo ihluke ezindinganisweni ezivunyelwe ngokuvamile futhi zisilela "kokuhle", bayalahlwa.
Ukubandlulula okusekelwe esisindweni
Njengoba umuntu ekhuluphala, uya ngokuya ebandlululwa, futhi nabesifazane lapha bahlupheka kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ngo-2010, abafundi basekolishi balinganisela osopolitiki besilisa abakhuluphele ngaphezu kwezimbangi zabo ezikhuluphele. "Kubukeka sengathi izihloko azinaki uhlelo lwezepolitiki lomuntu wesifazane, kodwa ukubukeka kwakhe," kuphetha ababhali balolu cwaningo.
Ukucwaswa “kwesisindo” kungabonakala kuzo zonke izigaba zokwakha umsebenzi. Abesifazane abakhuluphele abazimisele kangako ukuqasha. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2012, kwacelwa abantu abanolwazi lokuqasha abangu-127 ukuthi bahlole abantu abayisithupha abangase babe khona. U-42% wabahlanganyeli bocwaningo unqabe umfakisicelo ogcwele futhi u-19% kuphela owenqaba umfakisicelo ogcwele.
Kodwa noma ngabe kuqashwa ochwepheshe abakhuluphele, ukucwaswa kuyaqhubeka. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ochwepheshe abanjalo (ikakhulukazi abesifazane) bahola kancane kunontanga yabo futhi mancane amathuba okuthi bakhushulelwe esikhundleni. Ngakho igunya liyigunya, kodwa, maye, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngamalungelo alinganayo kubantu bebala elihlukile.