Ukwakheka. Izinyo liyisitho esingavinjelwanga, esiniselwayo esakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene (1):

• umqhele, ingxenye ebonakalayo yezinyo, eyakhiwe ngoqweqwe lwawo, i-dentin kanye negumbi le-pulp
• intamo, iphuzu lokuhlangana phakathi komqhele nempande
• impande, ingxenye engabonakali ekhonjelwe ethanjeni le-alveolar futhi embozwe inhlaka, eyakhiwe usimende, i-dentin kanye ne-pulp canal.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazinyo. Kunezinhlobo ezine zamazinyo kuye ngokuthi zimi kuphi emhlathini: ama-incisors, ama-canine, ama-premolars kanye ne-molars. (2)

Kubantu, amazinyo amathathu ayalandelana. Eyokuqala ikhula ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingama-30 ngokubonakala kwamazinyo esikhashana angama-20 noma amazinyo obisi. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-6 kuya eminyakeni engaba ngu-12 ubudala, amazinyo esikhashana ayaphuma futhi anikeze amazinyo ahlala njalo, ahambisana nomazinyo wesibili. I-dentition yokugcina ihambisana nokukhula kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha cishe eminyakeni engu-18 ubudala. Ekugcineni, amazinyo ahlala njalo ahlanganisa amazinyo angama-32. (2)

Indima ekudleni(3) Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinyo lunendima ethile ekuhlafuneni kuye ngokuthi ukuma kwalo nendawo likuyo:

• Ama-incisors asetshenziselwa ukusika ukudla.
• Ama-canine asetshenziselwa ukuhlikihla ukudla okuqinile njengenyama.
• Ama-premolars kanye ne-molars asetshenziselwa ukuchoboza ukudla.

Iqhaza kufonetiki. Ngokuphathelene nolimi kanye nezindebe, amazinyo abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imisindo.

Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.

• Ukubola kwamazinyo. Ibhekisela ekuthelelekeni kwamagciwane okulimaza uqweqwe lwawo futhi kungathinta i-dentin ne-pulp. Izimpawu ubuhlungu bamazinyo kanye nokubola kwamazinyo (4).
• Ithumba lezinyo. Ihambisana nokuqoqwa kobofu ngenxa yokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya futhi kubonakaliswa ubuhlungu obubukhali.

Izifo ezenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

• I-Gingivitis. Kuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwezicubu zezinsini okubangelwa uqweqwe lwamazinyo lwebhaktheriya (4).
• I-Periodontitis. I-Periodontitis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-periodontitis, ukuvuvukala kwe-periodontium, okuyizicubu ezisekela izinyo. Izimpawu zibonakala kakhulu nge-gingivitis ehambisana nokuxega kwamazinyo (4).

Ukuhlukumezeka kwamazinyo. Ukwakheka kwezinyo kungashintshwa umthelela olandelayo (5).

Ukungajwayelekile kwamazinyo. Kunamaphutha ahlukahlukene wamazinyo noma ngabe ngosayizi, inombolo noma isakhiwo.

Ukwelashwa ngomlomo. Ukuhlanzeka komlomo nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukukhawulela ukuqala kwesifo samazinyo. Ukwehliswa kungenziwa futhi.

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology, izidakamizwa zingase zibekwe njengama-painkillers, ama-antibiotics.

Ukuhlinzwa kwamazinyo. Ngokuya nge-pathology kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ukwelashwa kungenziwa, isibonelo, ngokufaka i-prosthesis yamazinyo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Orthodontic. Le ndlela yokwelashwa iqukethe ukulungisa ukungasebenzi kahle noma izikhundla ezimbi zamazinyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo. Okwenziwa udokotela wamazinyo, lokhu kuhlola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlonza okudidayo, izifo noma ukuhlukumezeka emazinyweni.

I-Radiography. Uma i-pathology itholakala, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwenziwa nge-radiography ye-dentition.

Udokotela wamazinyo wanamuhla uvele ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo kaPierre Fauchard. Ngo-1728, washicilela ikakhulukazi incwadi yakhe ethi "Le Chirurgien dentiste", noma "iSivumelwano SamaDents". (5)