Unyaka ngamunye, abantu abangama-40 bayizisulu zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo eFrance, ngezinga lokusinda ngokungabikho kokwelashwa okusheshayo okungama-000% kuphela. Ezindaweni ezifakwe ama-defibrillator angaphandle ngokuzenzakalela (ama-AED), lesi sibalo singaphindaphindeka ngo-8 noma ngo-4. Kusukela ku-5, wonke umuntu angakwazi futhi kufanele asebenzise i-AED, futhi izindawo zomphakathi eziningi zinayo.

Yini ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo?

Isisulu sokuboshwa kwenhliziyo asiqulekile, asiphenduli, futhi asisaphefumuli (noma siphefumula ngokungajwayelekile). Ezimweni ezingama-45%, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungenxa ye-ventricular fibrillation ezibonakalisa ngokushaya okusheshayo ne-anarchic. Inhliziyo lapho-ke ayisakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo wepompo ukuthumela igazi ezithweni, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni. Kumacala angama-92%, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kuyabulala uma kunganakekelwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-defibrillator, ngokuletha ukushaqeka kwamandla kagesi emisipheni yenhliziyo e-fibrillating, ingavuselela amaseli enhliziyo ukuze inhliziyo iqale ukushaya ngezinga elijwayelekile.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-defibrillator yangaphandle ezenzakalelayo (AED)

I-AED ingumkhiqizi wamandla kagesi asebenza ngokuzimela. Iqukethe:

• ibhlokhi kagesi eyenza ikwazi ukuletha amandla kagesi wesikhathi esilinganisiwe, ukuma namandla;
• ama-electrode amabili anomumo obanzi futhi oyisicaba ukuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi kulowo ohlukunyeziwe;
• ikhithi yosizo lokuqala equkethe isikele, insingo, ukucindezela.

Ama-defibrillator wangaphandle azenzakalelayo yi:

• noma i-semi-othomathikhi (i-DSA): bahlaziya umsebenzi wenhliziyo bese beluleka umsebenzisi ukuthi enzeni (ukuphatha ukushaqeka kukagesi noma cha);
• noma okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele (i-DEA): bahlaziya okwenziwa yinhliziyo bese beletha ukushaqeka kukagesi ngokwabo uma kunesidingo.

Umsebenzi we-AED ukuhlaziya umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha yenhliziyo bese unquma ukuthi kuyadingeka yini noma cha ukufaka ugesi. Inhloso yalokhu kushaqeka kukagesi ukubuyisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile emisipheni yenhliziyo.

Ukuchithwa kwenhliziyo, noma ukushintsha kwenhliziyo

I-defibrillator ithola i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo bese iyayihlaziya: uma iyi-fibrillation ye-ventricular, izogunyaza ukushaqeka kukagesi okuzolinganiswa ngamandla nangobude besikhathi ngokuya ngamapharamitha ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukumelana komzimba okumaphakathi nokwamanje. yesisulu (impedance yaso).

Ukulethwa kukagesi okulethwayo kufushane futhi ngamandla amakhulu. Inhloso yawo ukubuyisa umsebenzi kagesi ohambisanayo enhliziyweni. I-Defibrillation ibizwa nangokuthi i-cardioversion.

Umphakathi othintekayo noma osengcupheni

I-defibrillator kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma isisulu singaqulekile futhi singaphefumuli (noma kabi kakhulu).

• Uma isisulu singaqulekile kepha siphefumula ngendlela ejwayelekile, akusikho ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo: kufanele sibekwe endaweni yokuphepha eseceleni (PLS) bese sicela usizo;
• Uma isisulu sazi futhi sikhononda ngobuhlungu esifubeni, noma sikhipha izingalo noma ikhanda, noma ukuphefumula okuncane, ukujuluka, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ukuzwa isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, mhlawumbe lokhu kungukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kufanele umqinisekise futhi ucele usizo.

Ukusebenza kabusha kofakazi ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo kwandisa amathuba okusinda kwezisulu. Imizuzu yonke ibalwa: umzuzu owodwa ulahlekile = 10% amathuba amancane okusinda. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuisinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ungabi novalo.

Uyisebenzisa nini i-defibrillator

Ukusebenzisa i-defibrillator akuyona into yokuqala okufanele uyenze lapho ubona ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Ukuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo kumele kulandele izinyathelo ezithile ukuze uphumelele:

1. Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo ku-15, 18 noma ku-112;
2. Hlola ukuthi ngabe isisulu siyaphefumula noma cha;
3. Uma engaphefumuli, mbeke endaweni eyisicaba, eqinile bese uqala ukusikhipha inhliziyo: okunye ukucindezela okungama-30 nokuphefumula okungu-2, ngesilinganiso sokucindezelwa okungu-100 kuye ku-120 ngomzuzu;
4. Ngasikhathi sinye, vula i-defibrillator bese ulandela imiyalo enikezwa ngokuqondiswa kwezwi, ngenkathi uqhubeka nokuhlikihla inhliziyo;
5. Lindela usizo.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-defibrillator?

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-defibrillator okuzenzakalelayo kuyatholakala kuwo wonke umuntu ngoba imiyalo inikezwa ngomlomo ngesikhathi sokungenelela. Kalula vumela ukuqondiswa.

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuvula idivayisi, ngokucindezela inkinobho yokuvula / yokuvala noma ukumane uvule ikhava. Ngemuva kwalokho a ukuqondiswa kwezwi iqondisa umsebenzisi igxathu negxathu.

Kubantu abadala

1. Bheka ukuthi isisulu asilele phansi lapho sixhumana namanzi noma insimbi;
2. Hlubula isifuba sakhe (sika izingubo uma kunesidingo ngesikele esikhwameni sosizo lokuqala). Isikhumba akumele sibe manzi noma sibe noboya obuningi ukuze ama-electrode akwazi ukunamathela kahle (uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa insingo etholakala kusikhwama sosizo lokuqala);
3. Khipha ama-electrode uwaxhume kubhlokhi kagesi uma kungenziwanga;
4. Beka ama-electrode njengoba kukhonjisiwe nhlangothi zombili zenhliziyo: i-electrode eyodwa ngaphansi kwe-clavicle engakwesokudla bese kuthi eyesibili ibe ngaphansi kwekhwapha langakwesobunxele (amandla kagesi angadlula ngaleyo ndlela emsipheni wenhliziyo);
5. I-defibrillator iqala ukuhlaziya isilinganiso senhliziyo yesisulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungasithinti isisulu ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa ukuze ungaphazamisi imiphumela. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kuzophindwa njalo ngemizuzu emibili ngemuva kwalokho;
6. Uma imiphumela yokuhlaziywa iyincoma, kuzokwethulwa ugesi: kungaba ngumsebenzisi odala ukushaqeka (esimweni sama-AED), noma yi-defibrillator eyilawula ngokuzenzakalela (esimweni sama-AED). Kuzo zonke izimo, kufanele kubhekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oxhumana nesisulu ngesikhathi sokushaqeka;
7. Ungayikhiphi i-defibrillator bese ulinda usizo;
8. Uma isisulu sesiqale ukuphefumula njalo kepha sisaqulekile, simfake ku-PLS.

Ezinganeni nasezinsaneni

Inqubo iyafana neyabantu abadala. Amanye ama-defibrillator anama-pads ezingane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sebenzisa ama-electrode amadala ngokuwafaka endaweni ye-antero-posterior: enye ngaphambili maphakathi nesifuba, enye ingemuva phakathi kwamahlombe.

Izindlela okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i-AED

• Thanda uhlobo lomkhiqizo olwaziwa embonini yosizo lokuqala, i-CE eqinisekisiwe (umthethonqubo we-EU 2017/745) futhi iqinisekiswe ngumenzi;
• Umkhawulo wokuthola ukushaya kwenhliziyo we-150 microvolts ubuncane;
• Ukuba khona kosizo lwe-massage yenhliziyo;
• Amandla wokushaqeka avumelane ne-impedance yomuntu: ukushaqeka kokuqala kwama-joule ayi-150, ukushaqeka okulandelayo ngamandla amakhulu;
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwekhwalithi enhle (ibhethri, amabhethri);
• Ukuvuselelwa okuzenzakalelayo ngokwemikhombandlela ye-ERC ne-AHA (American Heart Association);
• Kungenzeka ukukhetha ulimi (kubalulekile ezindaweni zabavakashi).
• Inkomba yokuvikela othulini nemvula: ubuncane be-IP 54.
• Izindleko zokuthenga nokugcinwa.

Ungayifaka kuphi i-defibrillator?

I-othomathikhi yangaphandle ye-defibrillator ibilokhu iyisetshenziswa sezokwelapha sesigaba III kusukela ngo-2020. Kumele ifinyeleleke kalula ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-5 futhi yenziwe ibonakale ngezimpawu ezicacile. Ubukhona bayo nendawo okuyo kumele kwaziwe yibo bonke abantu abasebenza kusikhungo esithintekayo.

Kusukela ngo-2020, zonke izikhungo ezithola abantu abangaphezu kuka-300 kumele zihlonyiswe nge-AED, futhi ngo-2022, ezinye izikhungo eziningi nazo zizothinteka.