Isiswebhu sezinyamazane (Pluteus cervinus) isithombe nencazelo

Isiswebhu sezinyamazane (Pluteus cervinus)

• Ikhowe lezinyamazane

• I-Plyutey brown
• I-Plutey fibrous emnyama
• I-Agaricus pluteus
• I-Hyporrhodius stag
• Pluteus inyamazane f. inyamazane
• I-Hyporrhodius cervinus var. umlomo wesibeletho

Igama lamanje: Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Der Führer in die Pilzkunde: 99 (1871)

Isiswebhu sezinyamazane sisakazwa kabanzi futhi sivamile kulo lonke elase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile. Lesi sikhunta sivame ukumila emahlathini aqinile, kodwa asikhethi kakhulu ukuthi simila kuluphi uhlobo lokhuni, futhi asikhethi kakhulu ukuthi sizothela nini izithelo, sivele kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla ngisho nasebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele.

Isigqoko singaba nemibala ehlukene, kodwa ama-shade ansundu ngokuvamile ahamba phambili. Amapuleti axegayo amhlophe ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokushesha athole i-pink tint.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva (Justo et al., 2014) olusebenzisa idatha ye-DNA lubonisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa “ezingaqondakali” ngokwesiko ezikhonjwa njenge-Pluteus cervinus. U-Justo et al uxwayisa ngokuthi izici ze-morphological azinakwethenjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze zihlukanise lezi zinhlobo, ngokuvamile ezidinga i-microscopy ukuze zihlonzwe ngokunembile.

ikhanda: 4,5-10 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kufike ku-12 ngisho no-15 cm ububanzi kuboniswa. Ekuqaleni iyindilinga, i-convex, imise okwensimbi.

Bese iba yi-convex ebanzi noma icishe ibe isicaba, ngokuvamile ibe ne-tubercle emaphakathi ebanzi.

Ngobudala - cishe isicaba:

Isikhumba esisesigqokweni samakhowe asemancane siyanamathela, kodwa ngokushesha siyoma, futhi singanamathela kancane uma simanzi. Iyacwebezela, ibushelelezi, inempandla ngokuphelele noma i-scaly/fibrillar ephakathi nendawo, ngokuvamile enemithelela yeradial.

Kwesinye isikhathi, kuye ngezimo zezulu, ingaphezulu lekepisi alibushelelezi, kodwa “lishwabene”, linamaqhubu.

Umbala wekepisi umnyama ukuya kunsundu ngokuphaphathekile: onsundu, onsundu ngokumpunga, onsundu we-chestnut, ngokuvamile unomnqumo noma ompunga noma (akuvamile) ucishe ube mhlophe, ube nesikhungo esimnyama, esinsundu noma esinsundu kanye nonqenqema olukhanyayo.

I-cap margin ngokuvamile ayinazimbambo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingase ibe nezimbambo noma iqhekeze kumasampula amadala.

amapuleti: Okuxekethile, okubanzi, njalo, namapuleti amaningi. Ama-plute amancane amhlophe:

Bese ziba bomvana, zibe grey-pink, pink futhi ekugcineni ziba nombala ocebile wenyama, ngokuvamile zibe namabala amnyama, acishe abebomvu.

Leg: 5-13 cm ubude no-5-15 mm ubukhulu. Iqonde kakhulu noma iqonde kancane, ingase igobe kancane esisekelweni, i-cylindrical, isicaba noma ibe nesisekelo esijiyile kancane. Eyomile, ebushelelezi, enempandla noma evamise ukucweba ngezikali ezinsundu. Phansi kweziqu, izikali zimhlophe, futhi i-basal mycelium emhlophe ivame ukubonakala. Kuphelele, i-pulp ephakathi nendawo yomlenze ifakwe kancane.

Umtfumbu: okuthambile, okumhlophe, akushintshi umbala ezindaweni ezisikiwe nezishwabene.

iphunga okufiphele, okucishe kungabonakali, okuchazwa njengephunga lokuswakama noma ukhuni olumanzi, “okufana nokungavamile”, okungavamile ngokuthi “amakhowe afiphele”.

Taste ngokuvamile kufana nokungavamile.

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali: I-KOH inegethivu ukuya kuwolintshi ophaphathekile kakhulu endaweni yekepisi.

I-spore powder imprint: pink brown.

Izici ze-Microscopic:

Izinhlamvu ezingu-6-8 x 4,5-6 µm, i-ellipsoid, zibushelelezi, zibushelelezi. I-Hyaline iya ku-ocher kancane ku-KOH

I-Plyutey deer ikhula kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile ngokhuni lwezinhlobo ezahlukene, olulodwa, ngamaqembu noma ngamaqoqo amancane.

Ithanda ama-deciduous, kodwa ingakhula nasemahlathini e-coniferous. Imila ezinkunini ezifile nezigqitshiwe, eziphunzini naseduze kwazo, ingakhula futhi phansi kwezihlahla eziphilayo.

Imithombo ehlukene ibonisa ulwazi oluhluke kakhulu kangangokuthi umuntu angamangala kuphela: kusukela kokungadliwayo kuya kokudliwayo, kanye nesincomo sokubilisa ngaphandle kokwehluleka, okungenani imizuzu engu-20.

Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho komlobi wale nothi, i-mushroom iyadliwa impela. Uma kukhona iphunga elinamandla elingavamile, amakhowe angabiliswa imizuzu engu-5, akhishwe futhi aphekwe nganoma iyiphi indlela: gazinga, isitshulu, usawoti noma marinate. Ukunambitheka okungavamile kanye nephunga kunyamalala ngokuphelele.

Kodwa ukunambitheka kweziswebhu zenyamazane, ake sithi, cha. I-pulp ithambile, ngaphandle kwalokho ibilisiwe kakhulu.

I-genus of whips inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-140, ezinye zazo okunzima ukuzihlukanisa komunye nomunye.

I-Plyuteus atromarginatus (Pluteus atromarginatus)

Lolu uhlobo olungavamile, oluhlukaniswa yisigqoko esimnyama kanye nemiphetho yamapuleti anombala omnyama. Ikhula ezihlahleni ze-coniferous ezibolile kancane, ithela izithelo kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo.

Umculi we-Pluteus pouzarianus. Ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwamabhakede ku-hyphae, ehlukaniseka kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Ikhula ezihlahleni zezinhlobo ezithambile (coniferous), ezingenalo iphunga elihlukile.

I-Plyutey – Reindeer (Pluteus rangifer). Ikhula emahlathini e-boreal (enyakatho, e-taiga) nasenyakatho ye-45th parallel.

Amalungu afanayo ohlobo oluhlobene I-Volvariella ehluke ngokuba khona kweVolvo.

Amalungu afanayo ohlobo i-entolome babe namapuleti anamathelayo esikhundleni samahhala. Khula emhlabathini.

I-Collybia platyphylla (Megacollybia platyphylla)

I-Kollybia, ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ikhowe elingadliwayo noma elinemibandela ethile, lihlukaniswa ngamapuleti anamathelayo angandile, amhlophe noma anombala okhilimu kanye nemicu yesici esisekelweni sesiqu.