Valui (Russula foetens) isithombe nencazelo

I-Valui (Russula foetens)

• I-Agaricus pepperatas Bull.
• Agaricus bulliardii JF Gmel.
• I-Agaricus i-Pers esheshayo.
• U-Agaricus foetens (Pers.) Pers.
• I-Agaricus incrassatus Sowerby

Igama lamanje: Russula foetens Pers., Observationes mycologicae 1: 102 (1796)

I-Etymology: Kusukela kwelesiLatini elithi foetens = fetid, ngenxa yephunga elithile, elivame ukungathandeki. Igama lesiNtaliyane: Russula fetida

Amagama esiSlavic abonisa kokubili ukubukeka kanye "nenqaba" ye-valuu:

• Goby
• Cam
• Kulbik
• Swinur
• I-Soplivik

ikhanda: enkulu, enkulu, 5-17 cm ububanzi, eminyakeni emihle ingakhula kalula ibe ngamasentimitha angu-20. Ebusheni, i-spherical, inyama-hard, ke i-procumbent, ingajulile futhi icindezelekile kakhulu phakathi nendawo, ngezinye izikhathi nge-tubercle encane ebanzi.

I-cap margin ivamise ukungajwayelekile, i-wavy ngokubanzi, ibukhali, ibe nemigqa egqamile egqama kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Umbala wekepisi unogwaja okhanyayo, ulula onqenqemeni futhi ugcwele kancane phakathi nendawo, kuma-valuya amadala avame ukuba namachashazi amabi asymmetric of red-brown and even red-black.

Isikhumba se-cap yamakhowe amancane sinamathela kakhulu, siyashelela, siyashelela, njengokungathi simbozwe nge-lubricant yejeli, kodwa esimweni sezulu esomile, i-mucus yoma ngokushesha. Ikhasi lisuswa kalula cishe ngesigamu serediyasi yekepisi.

Inani elincane, "Isibhakela":

Leg. Ihambisana nesigqoko: sikhulu, i-voluminous, kufika ku-20 (noma ngaphezulu) amasentimitha ubude no-2-5 cm ubukhulu. Ngokuvamile i-cylindrical efanayo noma enwetshiwe kancane phezulu phambi kwamapuleti, ingaba nokuqina phansi.

Ezifanekisweni ezincane kakhulu, isiqu siphelele, kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu i-pulp phakathi nesiqu iba i-cottony futhi i-cavity ifomu, imigede iyakhiwa, ixhumeke emgodini owodwa omkhulu ophakathi ogcwele izicubu ezithambile, ezingcolile ezibomvu ngokubomvu.

Umlenze uminyene futhi unamandla, kodwa ngamanani ahlobene neminyaka uvumela ngokuqinile futhi ugobe lapho ucindezelwa kakhulu ngeminwe, uba ntekenteke, ikakhulukazi ebudaleni.

Umbala wesiqu umhlophe, kodwa kuphela kumakhowe amancane. Ubuso obumhlophe besiqu busheshe bungcoliswe ngokumpunga, okunsundu okungcolile, okunsundu ngokubomvu, ngokuvamile kube ngamabala amakhulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokuhlakazeka kwamachashaza amancane namachashaza.

Ubuso besiqu bumahhadlahhadla, abubonakali buqinile noma buqhekeke ngenxa yobudala, bumbozwe ngempuphu eqinile enamathela ngaphansi kwamapuleti.

Umtfumbu: obukhulu, buqinile futhi buqinile, buncishisiwe ngokucijile futhi bufakwe i-gelatin emaphethelweni e-cap kumakhowe amancane. Okumhlophe ekusikeni nasekuqhekekeni, akushintshi umbala lapho konakele. Kodwa ekuqaleni kuba nsundu ngokubomvu emigedeni yesiqu ngisho nasendaweni engaphakathi yesisekelo sesiqu. I-juicy kuma-specimens amancane, i-dryish, kodwa hhayi eyomile, kubantu abadala.

iphunga: inamandla kakhulu futhi ayijabulisi kakhulu (isicanucanu, sishiswe ngokoMuntu) uma isikiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi kuchazwa njengephunga le-herring ebolile "ngemuva kwezithelo", ngezinye izikhathi njengephunga lamafutha anamandla.

Taste: ibukhali kakhulu, ihlaba futhi iyababa kukepisi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi "cishe ibe mnene" endaweni emaphakathi yesiqu.

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali: I-KOH inomphumela omncane ezingxenyeni ezimhlophe zenyama, okuhlanganisa nesikhumba somlenze (utshani obubomvu kancane noma obukhilimu kahle kakhulu), kodwa yenza inyama yangaphakathi yomlenze ibe nsundu ngokubomvu noma ngokubomvu.

amarekhodi: incane, iminyene, i-forked ezindaweni, i-brittle, i-lanceolate, ibukhali kunokuba ibukhali ngaphambili, isibonelo, ububanzi buka-8-14 mm. Ikhule kancane. Cishe awekho amapuleti. Okokuqala kube mhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi kube namaconsi oketshezi olucacile, bese kuba ukhilimu kanye namachashazi ansundu avela kancane, asuka kumdaka abomvu ngokubomvu, kodwa unqenqema luhlala luphelele futhi lufana (noma ngokuba mnyama sekwephuzile).

i-spore powder: umhlophe noma ukhilimu, ukhilimu ophaphathekile, umbala ophuzi ophaphathekile.

Impikiswano 7,5-8,5-10,25-(11,5) x 6,7-8,7 µm, eyindilinga noma ecishe ibe yindingilizi, inwanyana. Ama-warts ayindilinga ngokusobala noma ayi-conical, anama-ridge amaningana axhumayo, afinyelela kalula ku-1,5 x 0,75 µm.

Kujwayelekile emahlathini aswakeme kancane, enhlabathini enzima, ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezivuthulukayo nezingama-coniferous, emathafeni nasezintabeni. Ikhula kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Ivame ukuthela izithelo ngamaqembu amakhulu.

Iqala ukuthela izithelo kusukela ngoJulayi, ngentwasahlobo efudumele - ngisho kusukela ngoJuni, kuze kufike ekwindla.

Imithombo eminingana yakwamanye amazwe ithi i-Russula foetens ihambisana nezinhlobo ezingadliwa ngisho nezinobuthi. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, incwadi yase-Italy: “Ngayo yonke imiqondo kufanele ibhekwe njenge-russula enobuthi, nakuba iphunga elingathandeki licishe lizixoshe ngokuzenzekelayo.”

Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, i-valui ibhekwa njengekhowe elidliwayo ngokuphelele, uma wazi ukuthi ungayipheka kanjani. Ngale kwe-Urals, i-Valuev ivunwa emiphongolweni emikhulu, evame ukufakwa usawoti.

Isimo esiyinhloko: amakhowe kufanele acwiliswe kahle, avame ukushintsha amanzi. Ukubilisa kwangaphambili (ngemuva kokucwiliswa) nakho kuyadingeka.

Iphansi (Russula subfoetens)

Izinhlobo eziseduze kakhulu, cishe azihlukaniseki ku-Valuy. Umehluko omkhulu kuphela ocacile: ukusabela ku-KOH. I-Valui ishintsha umbala ube bomvu, i-Podvalui – ubephuzi. Zonke ezinye izici ziyagqagqana. Kepha lokhu akubalulekile: zombili lezi zinhlobo zidliwa ngokwemibandela futhi ngemuva kokupheka azihlukaniseki ngokuphelele.

Ukuze uthole uhlu olukhulu lwe-russula efanayo, bheka isihloko esithi Podvaluy.

Isiqophi:

Isihloko sisebenzisa izithombe namavidiyo kaSergey noVitaly.