Umbhali: Yu.B. I-Gippenreiter
Yiziphi izinqubo ezidingekayo nezanele zobuntu obunjiwe?
Ngizosebenzisa ukucatshangelwa kule ndaba yombhali we-monograph mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kobuntu ezinganeni, u-LI Bozhovich (16). Empeleni, igqamisa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
Umbandela wokuqala: umuntu angathathwa njengomuntu uma kukhona ubuholi ezisusa ezinhlosweni zakhe ngomqondo othile, okungukuthi uma ekwazi ukunqoba imizwelo yakhe esheshayo ngenxa yokunye. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isihloko kuthiwa siyakwazi ukuziphatha okulamula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi izisusa ezinqotshwa ngazo izisusa ezisheshayo zibalulekile emphakathini. Ziyimvelaphi yezenhlalo nencazelo, okungukuthi, zibekwe ngumphakathi, zikhuliswe kumuntu.
Umbandela wesibili odingekayo wobuntu yikhono lokulawula ukuziphatha komuntu ngokuqaphela. Lobu buholi buqhutshwa ngesisekelo sezinhloso nemigomo. Umbandela wesibili wehluka kwewokuqala ngoba uveza ngokunembile ukuzithoba kwezisusa. Ukuziphatha okuxoxile nje (umbandela wokuqala) kungase kusekelwe kuhlelo lwezisusa olwakhiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngisho “nokuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo”: umuntu angase angazi ngani? kwamenza ukuba enze ngendlela ethile, nokho enze ngokuziphatha okuhle. Ngakho-ke, nakuba isibonakaliso sesibili siphinde sibhekisele ekuziphatheni okulamula, ukuxoxisana okuqaphelayo okugcizelelwayo. Kusikisela ukuba khona kokuzicabangela njengesibonelo esikhethekile sobuntu.
Igumbi laliyincithakalo, kodwa intombazane yasonga inabukeni yayo.
landa ividiyo
Ukuze siqonde kangcono lezi zindlela zokunquma, ake sihlole ukuqhathanisa isibonelo esisodwa - ukubukeka komuntu (ingane) onokubambezeleka okunamandla ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu.
Leli yicala eliyingqayizivele, lithinta odumile (njengo-Olga Skorokhodova wethu) waseMelika oyisithulu oyisimungulu uHelen Keller. U-Helen osekhulile usengumuntu okhuthalele amasiko futhi ofunde kakhulu. Kodwa lapho ngineminyaka engu-6, lapho uthisha osemusha Anna Sullivan efika endlini yabazali bakhe ukuze aqale ukufundisa intombazane, wayeyisidalwa engavamile ngokuphelele.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uHelen wayesekhulile ngokwengqondo. Abazali bakhe babengabantu abacebile, futhi uHelen, okuwukuphela kwengane yabo, wayenakwa ngakho konke. Ngenxa yalokho, wayephila ukuphila okumatasa, eyazi kahle indlu, egijima engadini nasengadini, ezazi izilwane zasekhaya, futhi ekwazi nokusebenzisa izinto eziningi zasendlini. Wayengumngane wentombazane emnyama, indodakazi yompheki, futhi waze wakhuluma naye ngolimi lwezandla olwaluqondwa yibona kuphela.
Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuziphatha kukaHelen kwakuyisithombe esibi. Emndenini, intombazane yazisola kakhulu, bazinikela kuyo yonke into futhi bahlale bevumela izidingo zayo. Ngenxa yalokho, waba umashiqela emndenini. Uma engakwazi ukufeza okuthile noma ukuqondakala kalula, wathukuthela, waqala ukukhahlela, ukunwaya nokuluma. Ngesikhathi uthisha efika, ukuhlaselwa okunjalo kwamarabi kwase kuphindwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
U-Anna Sullivan uchaza ukuthi umhlangano wabo wokuqala wenzeka kanjani. Intombazane yayimlindile, njengoba yayixwayiswa ngokufika kwesivakashi. Ukuzwa izinyathelo, noma kunalokho, ezwa ukudlidliza okuvela ezitebhisini, yena, egobisa ikhanda, wagijimela ekuhlaselweni. U-Anna wazama ukugona, kodwa ngokukhahlela nokuncinza, intombazane yazikhulula kuye. Esidlweni sakusihlwa, uthisha wayehlezi eduze kukaHelen. Kodwa intombazane ngokuvamile ayizange ihlale endaweni yayo, kodwa yayizungeza itafula, ibeka izandla zayo emapuletini abanye abantu futhi ikhethe lokho ekuthandayo. Lapho isandla sakhe sisepuletini lesivakashi, washaywa ngendluzula wahlaliswa esihlalweni ngenkani. Igxuma isuka esihlalweni, intombazane yaphuthuma ezihlotsheni zayo, kodwa yathola izihlalo zingenalutho. Uthisha wafuna ngokuqinile ukwahlukana kukaHelen nomndeni wakhe, owawuvumelana ngokuphelele nalokho ayekufuna. Ngakho intombazane yanikelwa emandleni "esitha", izimpi ezaqhubeka isikhathi eside. Noma yisiphi isenzo esihlanganyelwe - ukugqoka, ukuwasha, njll. - kwavusa ukuhlaselwa kobudlova kuye. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngokushaywa ebusweni, wakhipha amazinyo amabili angaphambili kuthisha. Kwakungekho mbuzo nganoma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa. “Kwakudingekile kuqala ukubamba intukuthelo yakhe,” kubhala u-A. Sullivan (ocashunwe ku: 77, pp. 48-50).
Ngakho-ke, sisebenzisa imibono nezimpawu ezihlaziywe ngenhla, singasho ukuthi kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, uHelen Keller cishe wayengenakho ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu, ngoba izifiso zakhe ezisheshayo azizange zinqotshwe nje kuphela, kodwa zatshalwa ngezinga elithile ngabantu abadala abazinikele. Umgomo kathisha - «ukunqanda ukufutheka» kwentombazane - futhi kwakusho ukuqala ukwakheka kobuntu bakhe.