Igciwane elisha le-SARS-CoV2 elidala isifo se-Covid-19 likhonjwe eShayina ngoJanuwari 2020. Iyingxenye yomndeni wama-coronavirus abangela izifo ezisukela emkhuhlaneni ojwayelekile kuya ku-acute acute kupumua syndrome. Umsuka we-coronavirus awukakafakazelwa ngokwesayensi, kepha umkhondo wemvelaphi yezilwane unelungelo.

I-coronavirus entsha yakwaSARS-Cov2, edala isifo i-Covid-19, itholwe okokuqala eChina, edolobheni laseWuhan. Ama-Coronaviruses awumndeni wamagciwane athinta kakhulu izilwane. Abanye bathelela abantu futhi ngokuvamile babangela imikhuhlane kanye nezimpawu ezingathi shu ezinjengomkhuhlane. Ososayensi bathi kubukeka kufana kakhulu nama-coronavirus athathwe kumalulwane. Ilulwane kungenzeka ukuthi libe yisilwane esinechibi lesifo segciwane. 

Noma kunjalo, igciwane elitholakala kumalulwane alinakudluliselwa kubantu. I-SARS-Cov2 ngabe idluliselwe kubantu ngesinye isilwane nayo ephethe i-coronavirus enobudlelwano obuqinile bezofuzo ku-SARS-Cov2. Le yi-pangolin, isilwane esincelisayo esincane, esisengozini yokuqothulwa, okusetshenziswa inyama yaso, amathambo, izikali nezitho zomuthi wendabuko waseChina. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka eChina ukuqinisekisa le mbono kanti kuzoqala uphenyo ngochwepheshe beWorld Health Organisation kungekudala.

Ngakho-ke umkhondo wezilwane kungenzeka kakhulu okwamanje ngoba abantu bokuqala abathola inkontileka ye-Covid-19 ngoDisemba baya emakethe e-Wuhan (isizinda salolu bhubhane) lapho kwakuthengiswa khona izilwane, okuhlanganisa nezilwane ezincelisayo zasendle. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, iChina yathatha isinqumo sokuvimba okwesikhashana ukuhweba ngezilwane zasendle ukuze kunqandwe lesi sifo. 

I-Covid-19 emhlabeni jikelele

ICovid-19 manje isithinta amazwe angaphezu kwe-180. NgoLwesithathu Mashi 11, 2020, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ichaze lesi sifo esixhunyaniswe neCovid-19 ngokuthi “ubhubhane"Ngenxa ye"izinga elishaqisayo” futhi abanye “nobukhali”Ngokusabalala kwegciwane emhlabeni jikelele. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, sikhulume ngobhubhane, olubonakala ngokunyuka okungazelelwe kwenani lamacala esifo kubantu abangagonyiwe endaweni ethile (lesi sifunda singahlanganisa amazwe amaningana). 

Njengesikhumbuzo, ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19 seluqalile eChina, eWuhan. Umbiko wakamuva wangoMeyi 31, 2021 ukhombisa abantu abayi-167 abangenwe yileli gciwane emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ngoJuni 552, bangu-267 abantu asebeshonile eMiddle Kingdom.

Inhloso yamazwe athintwe yi-Covid-19 kube wukunciphisa ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane ngangokunokwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa:

• ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abanegciwane okuhlukanisayo nalabo asebeke baxhumana nabantu abanegciwane.
• ukuvinjelwa kwemibuthano emikhulu yabantu.
• ukuvalwa kwezitolo, izikole, izinkulisa.
• ukumisa izindiza ezivela emazweni lapho igciwane lizungeza khona.
• ukusebenzisa imithetho yenhlanzeko ukuze uzivikele kuleligciwane (geza izandla njalo, yeka ukuqabula nokuxhawula isandla, ukukhwehlela bese uthimula endololwaneni, sebenzisa izicubu ezilahlwayo, gqoka imaski yabantu abagulayo…).
• hlonipha ukuqhelelana komphakathi (okungenani amamitha ayi-1,50 phakathi komuntu ngamunye).
• ukugqoka imaski kuyimpoqo emazweni amaningi (ezindaweni ezivaliwe nasemigwaqweni), ngisho nasezinganeni (ezineminyaka engu-11 ubudala eFrance - eneminyaka eyisithupha esikoleni - neminyaka eyisithupha e-Italy).
• eSpain, akuvunyelwe ukubhema ngaphandle, uma ibanga lingahlonishwa.
• ukuvalwa kwemigoqo kanye nezindawo zokudlela, kuye ngokusakazwa kwegciwane.
• ukulandelwa kwabo bonke abantu abangena ebhizinisini, ngesicelo, njengaseThailand.
• ukwehliswa ngo-50% umthamo wendawo yokuhlala emakilasini nasemahholo okufundisa emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zokuqeqesha.
• ukusetshenziswa kabusha emazweni athile, njenge-Ireland ne-France kusukela ngomhla ka-Okthoba 30 kuya kuDisemba 15, 2020.
• isikhathi esibekelwe ukubuyela ekhaya kusukela ngo-19 ntambama kusukela ngoMashi 20, 2021 eFrance.
• okuqukethe inani labantu ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu noma ezingeni likazwelonke. 

I-Covid-19 eFrance: isikhathi sokubekwa ekhaya, ukuvalelwa ejele, izindlela zokuvimbela

Vuselela ngoMeyi 3 - Kusukela kulolu suku, kungenzeka ukuhamba ngokukhululeka eFrance emini, ngaphandle kwesitifiketi. Amakilasi aqala kabusha nge-gauge-gauge ekilasini lesi-4 nelesi-3 esikoleni esiphakathi kanye nasezikoleni eziphakeme.

Vuselela ngo-Ephreli 1, 2021 - UMongameli weRiphabhulikhi umemezele izinyathelo ezintsha zokuthi ukunqanda ukusabalala kwe-coronavirus

• imikhawulo eqinisiwe esebenza eminyangweni eyi-19 inweba yonkana indawo yedolobha elikhulu, kusukela ngo-Ephreli 3, isikhathi esingamasonto amane. Ukuhamba ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwe-10 km akuvunyelwe (ngaphandle kwesizathu esivelele nokwethulwa kwesitifiketi);
• isikhathi esibekelwe izwe ukubekwa ekhaya siqala ngo-19 ntambama futhi siyaqhubeka nokusebenza eFrance.

Kusukela ngoMsombuluko Ephreli 5, izikole nezindawo zokufundela zizovalwa emasontweni amathathu ezayo. Amakilasi azokwenzeka isonto emakhaya ezikoleni, emakolishi nasezikoleni eziphakeme. Kusuka ngo-Ephreli 12, amasonto amabili amaholide ezikole azofakwa ngasikhathi sinye kulezi zindawo ezintathu. Ukubuyela ekilasini kuhlelelwe u-Ephreli 26 wezinkulisa kanye nabafundi bamabanga aphansi kanti uMeyi 3 ezikoleni eziphakathi naphakathi. Kusukela ngoMashi 26, iminyango emithathu emisha ivalelwe: iRhône, iNièvre ne-Aube.

Kusukela ngoMashi 19, okuqukethwe bekukhona eminyangweni eyi-16, isikhathi esingamasonto amane: i-Aisne, Alpes-Maritimes, Essonne, Eure, Hauts-de-Seine, Nord, Oise, Paris, Pas-de-Calais, Seine- et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-Maritime, Somme, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise, amaYvelines. Kungenzeka uhambe phakathi nalokhu kuboshwa, unikezwe isitifiketi, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-10, kepha ngaphandle komkhawulo wesikhathi. Ukuhamba phakathi kwezifunda akuvunyelwe (ngaphandle kwezizathu eziphoqayo noma zomsebenzi). Izikole zihlala zivulekile nezitolo ” okungabalulekile Kumele kuvalwe. 

Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhathi sokufika ekhaya siyagcinwa kuyo yonke indawo kazwelonke, kodwa uhlehliselwa emuva 19 amahora kusukela ngoMashi 20. “ I-Telecommuting kufanele ibe yinto evamile Futhi kufanele ufake isicelo izinsuku ezi-4 kwezi-5, uma kungenzeka. 

Vuselela ngoMashi 9 - Ukuqukethwe okuyingxenye yezimpelasonto ezilandelayo kuyasungulwa eNice, e-Alpes-Maritimes, enhlanganisweni yaseDunkirk nasemnyangweni wePas-de-Calais.

Isitifiketi esisha sokuphuma iyatholakala kusukela ngoNovemba 30. Namuhla kungenzeka ukuhambahamba “endaweni evulekile noma endaweni engaphandle, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yokuhlala, ngaphakathi komkhawulo wamahora amathathu ngosuku futhi ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ukuzungeza ikhaya, okuxhunyaniswa nomsebenzi womzimba noma ukuzijabulisa komuntu ngamunye, ngaphandle noma yikuphi ukuzijwayeza kwezemidlalo okuhlangene nanoma yikuphi ukusondela kwabanye abantu, kungaba uhambo olunabantu abaqoqelwe ndawonye ekhaya elilodwa, noma ngezidingo zezilwane ezifuywayo.".

UMongameli weRiphabhulikhi wakhuluma namaFulentshi ngoNovemba 24. Isimo sezempilo siyathuthuka, kepha ukwehla kuhamba kancane. Ukuvalelwa kuqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube nguDisemba 15 kanye nesitifiketi esihamba phambili sokuhamba. Kumele siqhubeke nokusebenza ngocingo, ukugwema ukuhlangana kwemindeni nokuhamba okungabalulekile. Ubalule uhlelo lwakhe lokusebenza, nezinsuku ezintathu ezibalulekile, ukuthi aqhubeke ukunqanda ubhadane lwe-coronavirus : 

• Kusukela mhla zingama-28 kuLwezi, uzokwazi ukuhamba endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-20, isikhathi esingamahora ama-3. Imisebenzi yangaphandle yangemva kwesikole izogunyazwa kanye nezinkonzo, ezifika kumkhawulo wabantu abangama-30. Izitolo zizokwazi ukuphinda zivulwe, kuze kube ngu-21 pm, kanye nezinsiza zasekhaya, izitolo zezincwadi nezitolo zokuqopha, ngaphansi kwemithetho eqinile yezempilo.
• Kusukela ngoDisemba 15, uma izinhloso zifinyelelwa, okungukuthi ukungcola oku-5 ngosuku kanye nabantu abangu-000 kuye kwabangu-2 ekunakekelweni okukhulu, ukuvalelwa kungasuswa. Izakhamizi zizokwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka (ngaphandle kokugunyazwa), ikakhulukazi “chitha amaholide nomndeni“. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokukhawulela “uhambo olungadingekile“. Amasinema, amatiyetha namamnyuziyamu azokwazi ukuqalisa umsebenzi wawo, ngokuhambisana nemithetho eqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzobekwa isikhathi sokufika ekhaya kuyo yonke indawo endaweni, kusukela ngo-21 pm kuye ku-7 am, ngaphandle kwakusihlwa ngo-December 24 no-31, lapho “ithrafikhi izoba mahhala".
• UMasingana 20 uzogubha isigaba sesithathu, ngokuvulwa kabusha kwezindawo zokudlela, imigoqo kanye namajimu. Amakilasi angaphinda aqale futhi ubuso nobuso ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu, bese emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 emanyuvesi.

U-Emmanuel Macron wengeza ngokuthi "Kufanele senze konke ukugwema igagasi lesithathu futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuvalelwa kwesithathu".

Kusukela ngomhlaka-13 Novemba, imithetho yokuvalelwa ihlala ingashintshiwe. Zandiswa isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyi-15. Ngempela, ngokusho kukaNdunankulu uJean Castex, ukulala esibhedlela oku-1 kwenzeka njalo ngemizuzwana engama-30 kanye nokwamukelwa egumbini labagula kakhulu njalo ngemizuzu emithathu. Inani eliphakeme lenyanga ka-Ephreli, ngenani lokulaliswa esibhedlela, selidlulile. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezempilo sithanda ukuthuthuka, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathwe kusukela ngo-Okthoba 30, kepha imininingwane isakamuva kakhulu ukuthi ingaphakamisa lokho okuqukethwe.

Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 30, inani labantu baseFrance livalelwe okwesibili, isikhathi sokuqala samasonto amane. Isimo sizobuyekezwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili bese kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele. 

Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 26, isimo sezempilo eFrance siya siba sibi. Ngakho-ke uhulumeni welula isikhathi sokufika ekhaya eminyangweni engu-54: Loire, Rhône, Nord, Paris, Isère, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-d'Oise, Val-de-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Essonne, Bouches-du- Rhône, Haute-Garonne, Yvelines, Hérault, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Loire, Ain, Savoie, Ardèche, Saône-et-Loire, Aveyron, Ariège, Tarn-et-Garonne, Tarn, Pyrénées- Orientales, Gard, Vaucluse, Puy-de-Dôme, Hautes-Alpes, Pas-de-Calais, Drôme, Oise, Haute-Savoie, Jura, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Haute-Corse, Calvados, Hautes-Pyrénées, Corse-du- INingizimu, Lozère, Haute-Vienne, Côte-d'Or, Ardennes, Var, Indre-et-Loire, Aube, Loiret, Maine-et-Loire, Bas-Rhin, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Marne, Alpes-Maritimes, I-Ille-et-Vilaine neFrench Polynesia.

UMongameli weRiphabhlikhi, u-Emmanuel Macron, umemezele izinyathelo ezintsha. Kusukela ngoMgqibelo Okthoba 17, isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo sizomenyezelwa, okwesibili, eFrance. Isikhathi sokubuya ekhaya, kusukela ngo-21 ebusuku kuya ku-6 ekuseni sizosungulwa kusukela ngalolu suku, e-Ile-de-France, Grenoble, Lille, Saint-Etienne, Montpellier, Lyon, Toulouse, Rouen nase-Aix-Marseille. Inhloko Yezwe incoma ukuthi kube nomkhawulo kubantu abayi-6 emibuthanweni endaweni yomndeni, kuyilapho kuhlonishwa ukuthinta kwesithiyo kanye nokugqoka imaskhi. Uhlelo olusha lwe-“TousAntiCovid” luzongena esikhundleni se-“StopCovid”. Uzokwethula ulwazi kuye ngokuthi umuntu ukuphi, ukuze amnike iseluleko sezempilo. Umgomo uwukunciphisa ubungozi bokungcola kanye nokunikeza izilinganiso ngokuya ngamadolobha, ngokuhlinzeka ngebhukwana elilula lomsebenzisi. Isu elisha lokuhlola nalo liyaqhubeka, kusetshenziswa “ukuzihlola wena” kanye “nokuhlolwa kwe-antigenic”.

E-France, uma kwenzeka isifo esiwumqedazwe, izigaba eziningana ziqala ngokuya ngokuvela kwesimo.

Isigaba 1 sihlose ukunciphisa ukwethulwa kwaleli gciwane endaweni kazwelonke, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “amacala angenisiwe“. Ngokuqondile, ukuvalelwa kwabantu okuvimbelayo kusetshenziswa abantu ababuya endaweni enobungozi. Iziphathimandla zezempilo nazo ziyazama ukuthola “isiguli 0”, Lona osemsuka wokungcola kokuqala endaweni ethile.

Isigaba sesi-2 siqukethe ukukhawulela ukusabalala kwegciwane elisatholakala ezindaweni ezithile. Ngemuva kokukhonjwa kwalawa maqoqo adumile (izindawo zokuqoqwa kabusha kwamacala abomdabu), iziphathimandla zezempilo ziyaqhubeka nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu futhi zingacela nokuvalwa kwezikole, izinkulisa, ukwenqabela ukubuthana okukhulu, ukucela abantu ukuthi bakhawulele ukunyakaza kwabo, bakhawulele ukuvakasha ezikhungweni ezamukelayo. abantu abasengozini (amakhaya asebekhulile)…

Isigaba sesi-3 siqalwa lapho igciwane lizungeza ngenkuthalo kuyo yonke indawo. Inhloso yawo wukwenza konke okusemandleni ukulawula ubhubhane ngendlela engcono kakhulu ezweni. Abantu ababuthaka (abantu abadala kanye / noma labo abaphethwe ezinye izifo) bavikelekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhlelo lwezempilo luhlanganiswe ngokugcwele (izibhedlela, imithi yasemadolobheni, izikhungo zezokwelapha nezomphakathi) ngokuqiniswa kochwepheshe bezempilo.

Kuze kube manje, ngoJuni 2, 2021, iFrance isesesigabeni sesi-3 sesifo se-coronavirus. Umbiko wakamuva uyabika 5 677 172 abantu abangenwe yi-Covid-19 et Ama-109 afile. 

Igciwane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zalo manje selizungeza ezweni lonke.

Sicela ubheke lesi sihloko ukuze uthole idatha ebuyekeziwe ye-coronavirus eFrance kanye nezinyathelo zikahulumeni eziwumphumela.