Izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa zokwelapha iziguli ze-Covid-19 ziyafundwa emhlabeni jikelele. Namuhla, ngenxa yocwaningo lwezokwelapha, iziguli zinakekelwa kangcono kunasekuqaleni kobhubhane lwe-coronavirus. 

I-Clofoctol, i-molecule etholwe yi-Institut Pasteur de Lille

Buyekeza ngoJanuwari 14, 2021 - Inhlangano ezimele ilinde ukugunyazwa okuvela kwabaphathi bezempilo ukuze bethule izivivinyo zemitholampilo yabantu. Umuthi yi-clofoctol, usanqunyelwe kuze kube ngu-2005 ukwelapha izifo zokuphefumula ezincane futhi uthathwe njenge-suppository.

I-Pasteur Institute yaseLille wathola "EzithakazelisayoKwelinye lama-molecule angu-2 kuyisihloko socwaningo lwawo. Ithimba elakhiwe ososayensi “Aanikezwe umsebenzi»Inomsebenzi owodwa wokuthola a umuthi osebenzayo wokulwa ne-Covid-19, kusukela kwaqala lolu bhubhane. Uzama izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa esezigunyaziwe futhi uyangenelela ukwelapha amanye ama-pathologies. UProf. Benoît Déprez umemezela ukuthi i-molecule “ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi"Futhi kwavela ukuthi"enamandla ikakhulukazi“Ngokumelene neSars-Cov-2, nge”ithemba lokwelashwa ngokushesha“. I-molecule ethintekayo ibe yisihloko sochungechunge lokuhlolwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Inzuzo yayo isekutheni isivele inesigunyazo sokumaketha, ngaleyo ndlela yonga isikhathi esiningi.

Izidakamizwa i-Institut Pasteur esebenza kuzo sezigunyaziwe kakade, okubalondoloza isikhathi esiyigugu. I-molecule ethintekayo iyi-anti-viral, eyayivele isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izifo. Igama lakhe lagcinwa liyimfihlo kwabe sekudalulwa, yilona i-clofoctol. Ochwepheshe bafinyelela esiphethweni nge umphumela ophindwe kabili kulesi sifo : ikhambi, elithathwe kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, lizokwazi ukwehlisa inani legciwane egazini elikhona emzimbeni. Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwelashwa kuthathwa sekwephuzile, kunganciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwefomu elinzima. Leli ithemba elikhulu, njengoba izivivinyo zangaphambi komtholampilo zama-macaque zingashicilelwa ngoMeyi.

Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala okufanele zigwenywe uma kwenzeka kuba ne-Covid-19

Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 16, 2020 - Ngokusho kokubona kwakamuva kanye nolwazi olusakazwa nguhulumeni waseFrance, kubonakala sengathi ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala (Ibuprofen, cortisone, njll) kungaba yimbangela yokwandisa ukutheleleka. Njengamanje, izivivinyo zemitholampilo kanye nezinhlelo ezimbalwa zesiFulentshi nezaseYurophu zizama ukucolisa ukuxilongwa nokuqonda kwalesi sifo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwaso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isimo, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi ungathathi izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha kuqala.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile, kodwa izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa ziyahlolwa. E-France, imithi yokugoma emine igunyaziwe, iPfizer/BioNtech, Moderna, AstraZeneca kanye noJanssen Johnson & Johnson. Olunye ucwaningo ngemithi yokugomela i-Covid lwenziwa emhlabeni jikelele.

Okwamanje, ezinhlotsheni ezithambile ze-Covid-19, ukwelashwa kunezimpawu:

• Thatha i-paracetamol yomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba,
• Phumula,
• Phuza kakhulu ukuze ubuyisele amanzi,
• Vula ikhala nge-saline ye-physiological.

Futhi-ke,

• Ukuzivalela wena nokuhlonipha izindlela zokuhlanzeka ukuze ugweme ukungcolisa abaseduze kwakho,

Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwaseYurophu okubandakanya iziguli eziwu-3.200 ezithinteke ngesimo esibi kakhulu kuqala maphakathi no-Mashi ukuze kuqhathaniswe izindlela zokwelapha ezine ezihlukene: ukwelashwa komoyampilo kanye nokukhipha umoya wokuphefumula ngokumelene ne-remdesivir (ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral kakade kwase kusetshenziswe ngokumelene negciwane le-Ebola) ngokumelene ne-Kaletra (ukwelashwa ngokumelene ne-Ebola. igciwane). I-AIDS) ngokumelene ne-Kaletra + i-interferon ye-beta (i-molecule ekhiqizwa amasosha omzimba ukuze imelane kangcono nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane) ukuqinisa isenzo sayo. I-Chloroquine (ukwelashwa okulwa nomalaleveva) okwashiwo ngesikhathi esisodwa ayizange igcinwe ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nemiphumela engemihle. Ezinye izivivinyo nokunye ukwelashwa nazo ziyenziwa kwenye indawo emhlabeni.

Zilashwa kanjani iziguli nge-coronavirus entsha?

Njengesikhumbuzo, iCovid-19 yisifo esidalwa yigciwane leSars-Cov-2. Inezimpawu eziningi, futhi ngokuvamile ibonakala njengomkhuhlane noma umuzwa wokushisa kanye nezimpawu zokuphefumula kanzima njengokukhwehlela noma ukuphelelwa umoya. Umuntu ongenwe yi-Covid-19 naye angaba ne-asymptomatic. Izinga lokufa lingaba ngu-2%. Amacala abucayi ngokuvamile athinta abantu asebekhulile kanye/noma abantu abaphethwe ezinye izifo.

Ukwelashwa kunezimpawu. Uma unesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngendlela elinganiselayo, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuya ehhovisi lakhe. Udokotela uzokutshela okufanele ukwenze (hlala ekhaya noma uye ehhovisi lakhe) futhi uzokuqondisa ngemithi okufanele uyiphuze ukuze udambise umkhuhlane kanye/noma ukukhwehlela. I-Paracetamol kufanele ithathwe kuqala ukuze wehlise umkhuhlane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphuza izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala (ibuprofen, cortisone) akuvunyelwe ngoba zingase zenze ukutheleleka kube kubi kakhulu.

Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu ngobunzima bokuphefumula kanye nezimpawu zokubindeka, shayela i-SAMU Centre 15 ezonquma ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe. Amacala abucayi kakhulu alaliswa esibhedlela ukuze ahlomule ngosizo lokuphefumula, ukugadwa okwengeziwe noma ngokunokwenzeka abekwe endaweni yokunakekelwa okukhulu.

Njengoba sibhekene nenani elikhulu lamacala abucayi kanye nokusabalala kwaleli gciwane emhlabeni wonke, izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa zisacwaningwa ukuze kutholwe ngokushesha ukwelashwa kanye nomuthi wokugoma.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Monoclonal antibody

NgoMashi 15, 2021, Isikhungo Semithi YaseFrance, i-ANSM yagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kokwelapha okubili okukodwa kwe-monoclonal ukwelapha i-Covid-19. Zenzelwe abantu abasengozini yokuthuthukela ezinhlotsheni ezingathi sína, "ngenxa yokuzivikela komzimba okuxhumene ne-pathology noma ukwelashwa, ubudala noma ukuba khona kwe-comorbidities". Ngakho-ke izindlela zokwelapha ezigunyaziwe yilezi: 

• I-dual therapy casirivimab / imdevimab eyenziwe yi- I-laboratory Roch;
• I-Bamlanivimab / Etesevimab Ukwelapha Okubili okuklanywe yi- I-laboratory yaseLilly France.

Izidakamizwa zinikezwa iziguli ngomthambo esibhedlela futhi ngokuvimbela, okungukuthi, phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-5 kakhulu ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. 

I-Tocilizumab 

I-Tocilizumab iyi-monoclonal antibody futhi ikhathaza iziguli ezinohlobo olunzima lwe-Covid-19. Le molekyuli yenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhawulela ukusabela okukhulisiwe kwamasosha omzimba, bese ikhuluma “ngesiphepho se-cytokine”. Lokhu kusabela okweqile kokuzivikela ku-Covid-19 kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula, okudinga usizo.

I-Tocilizumab ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo. Ngama-lymphocyte e-B akhiqiza le-antibody. Ucwaningo lwenziwa yi-AP-HP (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), eFrance ngakho-ke, ezigulini eziyi-129. Lezi ziguli ze-Covid-19 zahlushwa isifo samaphaphu esibucayi kuya esibi kakhulu. Ingxenye yeziguli yanikezwa umuthi i-tocilizumab, ngaphezu kokwelashwa okuvamile. Ezinye iziguli zithole ukwelashwa okujwayelekile.  

Okokuqala okubhekwe ukuthi sehlile isibalo seziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela sabagula kakhulu. Okwesibili, inani lokufa nalo lehla. Ngakho-ke imiphumela iyathembisa futhi ithemba lokwelashwa ngokumelene ne-coronavirus entsha lingokoqobo. Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka, njengoba imiphumela yokuqala iyathembisa. 

Imiphumela yokuqala yezinye izifundo (yaseMelika nesiFulentshi) ishicilelwe ku-JAMA yangaphakathi Medicine, kodwa iyimpikiswano. Ucwaningo lwaseMelika luveza ukuthi ubungozi bokushona kweziguli ezine-Covid-19 enzima buyancipha lapho i-tocilizumab isetshenziswa kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokungeniswa egunjini labagula kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwesiFulentshi alutholanga mehluko ekufeni kwabantu, kodwa lukhombisa ukuthi ubungozi bokuba semkhawulweni ongahlaseli noma ngomshini buphansi ezigulini ezithole umuthi.

Isilingo somtholampilo sokutholwa: izidakamizwa sezivele zikhona emakethe

I-Institut Pasteur imemezele ukusungulwa okuseduze kakhulu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuqalwe ngabakwa-Inserm. Ihlose “ukuhlola nokuqhathanisa izinhlanganisela ezine zokwelapha”:

Ngayinye izohlotshaniswa nokwelashwa okungaqondile kanye nezimpawu zesifo se-Covid-19.

• ukwelapha okungaqondile kanye nezimpawu zodwa.

Lo msebenzi uzobandakanya iziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela ezingama-3200, okuhlanganisa nezingu-800 zaseFrance. Lolu cwaningo lomtholampilo luzoqhubekela phambili. Uma enye yama-molecule akhethiwe ingasebenzi, izoshiywa. Ngokuphambene, uma esinye sazo sisebenza kwesinye seziguli, singahlolwa kuzo zonke iziguli njengengxenye yocwaningo.

« Inhloso ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwamasu amane okwelapha angaba nomthelela ngokumelene ne-Covid-19 ngenxa yedatha yamanje yesayensi. »Njengoba kuboniswe ngu-Inserm.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Discovery kuzosebenza ngezindlela ezinhlanu zokwelashwa, ezihlolwe ngokungahleliwe ezigulini ezine-coronavirus enzima:

• ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile
• ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye ne-remdesivir,
• ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye ne-lopinavir ne-ritonavir,
• ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye ne-lopinavir, i-ritonavir ne-beta interferon
• ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye ne-hydroxy-chloroquine.

Yini i-remdesivir? 

Kwakuyilabhorethri yaseMelika, iSayensi yaseGileyadi, eyahlola okokuqala i-remdesivir. Ngempela, lo muthi uhlolwe ukwelapha iziguli ezinegciwane le-Ebola. Imiphumela ibingakaqiniseki. I-Remdesivir iyi-antiviral; kuyinto elwa namagciwane. Isikhumbuzo nokho inikeze imiphumela ethembisayo ngokumelene nama-coronavirus athile. Yingakho ososayensi banquma ukwenza ucwaningo lomuthi wokulwa negciwane leSars-Cov-2.

Yiziphi izenzo zakhe? 

Le antiviral ivimbela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke emzimbeni. Le virus Sars-Cov-2 kungase kubangele ukusabela komzimba kakhulu kwezinye iziguli, ezingahlasela amaphaphu. Yilapho i-remdesivir ingangena khona, ukuze ilawule “isiphepho se-cytokine”. Umuthi uzokhawulela ukusabela kokuvuvukala ngakho-ke ukulimala kwamaphaphu. 

Uba yini umphumela? 

I-Remdesivir ikhonjisiwe ukuthi iziguli ezine uhlobo olunzima lweCovid-19 balulame ngokushesha kunalabo abathole i-placebo. Ngakho-ke i-antiviral inesenzo ngokumelene negciwane, kodwa ayilona ikhambi eliphelele lokulwa nesifo. E-United States, ukuphathwa kwalesi sidakamizwa kugunyazwe ukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo.

NgoSepthemba, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-Remdesivir izobe isiqhubekisele phambili ukwelashwa kwezinye iziguli ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. I-Remdesivir nayo kukholakala ukuthi yehlisa ukufa. Le anti-viral iyasebenza impela, kodwa, iyodwa, ayihlanganisi ukwelashwa kwe-Covid-19. Nokho, umkhondo ubucayi. 

Ngo-Okthoba, ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi i-remdesevir yehlise kancane isikhathi sokululama seziguli ze-Covid-19. Nokho, bekungeke kubonise inzuzo ekwehliseni ukufa. Isiphathimandla Esiphezulu Sezempilo sibheke ukuthi intshisekelo yalo muthi “Phansi".

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hycovid ngokumelene ne-coronavirus entsha

Isilingo esisha somtholampilo, esiqanjwe ngokuthi ” I-Hycovid Kuzokwenziwa ezigulini ezi-1, kuhlanganiswe izibhedlela ezingama-300 eFrance. Iningi labo litholakala eNtshonalanga: Cholet, Lorient, Brest, Quimper kanye Poitiers; naseNyakatho: iTourcoing ne-Amiens; eNingizimu-Ntshonalanga: eToulouse nase-Agen; nasesifundeni saseParis. Isibhedlela sase-Angers University sihola lolu cwaningo.

Iyiphi inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-Hycovid?

Icala lithinta iziguli ezine-Covid-19, hhayi esimweni esikhathazayo, noma ekunakekelweni okuphezulu kodwa ezisengozini enkulu yezinkinga. Eqinisweni, iningi leziguli ezahlolwa kuphakathi kokuthi sezikhulile (okungenani iminyaka engu-75 ubudala) noma zinezinkinga zokuphefumula, ezinesidingo somoya-mpilo.

Ukwelashwa kungenziwa ezigulini ngqo esibhedlela, emakhaya asebekhulile noma ekhaya nje. Njengoba uSolwazi Vincent Dubee, umsunguli oyinhloko wephrojekthi eSibhedlela i-Angers University, ebonisa “Sizophatha abantu kusenesikhathi, okungenzeka ukuthi kuyisici esinqumayo empumelelweni yokwelashwa”. Ngaphezu kokucacisa ukuthi umuthi ngeke kuthiwa ungowabo bonke ngoba ezinye iziguli zizothola i-placebo, isiguli, noma udokotela imbala engazi.

Imiphumela yokuqala  

Umbono oyinhloko kaProfessor Dubee “ukuvala impikiswano” ngokusebenza, noma cha, kwe-chloroquine. Iphrothokholi eqinile ezonikeza imiphumela yayo yokuqala phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-15, nesiphetho esilindelwe ekupheleni kuka-April.

I-Chloroquine yokwelapha i-coronavirus?

U-Pr Didier Raoult, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye noprofesa we-microbiology e-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée ukutheleleka eMarseille, uveze ngoFebhuwari 25, 2020 ukuthi i-chloroquine ingalapha i-Covid-19. Lo muthi ovimbela umalaleveva wawuyobonisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo ekwelapheni lesi sifo, ngokocwaningo lwesayensi lwaseShayina olwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-BioScience Trends. Ngokusho kukaSolwazi Raoult, i-chloroquine "izoqukatha ukuvela kwenyumoniya, ukwenza ngcono isimo samaphaphu, ukuze isiguli siphinde sibe singenalo igciwane futhi sifinyeze ubude besifo". Ababhali balolu cwaningo baphinde bagcizelela ukuthi lo muthi awubizi futhi izinzuzo/ubungozi bawo baziwa kahle ngoba usunesikhathi eside ukhona emakethe.

Le ndlela yokwelapha kumele nokho ijule ngoba kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo ezigulini ezimbalwa futhi i-chloroquine ingadala imiphumela engemihle engaba yingozi. IHydroxycloroquine ayisasetshenziswa eFrance, njengengxenye ye-Covid-19, ngaphandle uma ithinta iziguli ebeziyingxenye yokuhlolwa komtholampilo. 

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-serum avela kubantu abaphulukisiwe

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sera evela kuma-convalescents, okusho ukuthi kubantu abanaleli gciwane futhi asebethuthukise amasosha omzimba, nakho kuyindlela yokwelapha esacwaningwayo. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Clinical Investigation lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-convalescent sera kungaba:

• vimbela abantu abaphile kahle abachayeke egciwaneni ukuthi bangabi nalesi sifo;
• phatha labo abakhombisa izimpawu zokuqala ngokushesha.

Ababhali balolu cwaningo bakhumbula isidingo sokuvikela abantu abachayeke kakhulu ku-Covid-19, ikakhulukazi abasebenzi bezempilo. “Namuhla, abahlengikazi, odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo baseqhulwini ekulweni ne-Covid-19. Bachayeka emacaleni afakazelwe. Abanye babo baba nalesi sifo, abanye bahlaliswa bodwa njengendlela yokuvimbela, okubeka engcupheni izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zamazwe athinteke kakhulu.”, Phetha abacwaningi.

I-Nicotine ingaba nomthelela omuhle kugciwane le-Covid-19? Yilokhu ithimba lesibhedlela sase-Pitié Salpêtrière elizama ukukuthola. Okuphawulwayo ukuthi isibalo esincane kakhulu sabantu abangenwe yi-Covid-19 bayabhema. Njengoba ugwayi ngokuyinhloko unezithako ezinobuthi njenge-arsenic, i-ammonia noma i-carbon monoxide, abacwaningi baphendukela ku-nicotine. Lesi sithako esisebenzayo ngokwengqondo kuthiwa sivimbela igciwane ukuthi lizinamathisele ezindongeni zamangqamuzana. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi akusho ukuthi kufanele ubheme. Ugwayi uyingozi empilweni futhi ulimaza kakhulu amaphaphu.

Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukusebenzisa ama-patches e-nicotine ezigabeni ezithile zabantu:

• abasebenzi abahlengikazi, ngendima yokuvimbela nokuvikela ye-nicotine;
• iziguli ezilaliswe esibhedlela, ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini;
• ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-Covid-19, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. 

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukukhombisa umthelela we-nicotine ku-coronavirus entsha, engaba neqhaza lokuvimbela kunokuba libe nendima yokwelapha.

Ukubuyekezwa kwangomhla zingama-27 kuNovemba - Ucwaningo lweNicovid Prev, olulingwa yi-AP-HP, luzonwebeka ezweni lonke futhi lufake nabahlengikazi abangaphezu ko-1. Isikhathi "sokwelashwa" sizoba phakathi kwezinyanga ezingama-500 nezi-4.

Buyekeza ngo-Okthoba 16, 2020 - Imiphumela ye-nicotine ku-Covid-19 iseyi-hypothesis ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, iSanté Publique France ikhuthaza zonke izinhlelo zokulwa ne-coronavirus. Imiphumela ilindelwe ngabomvu.

Njengoba i-coronavirus ye-SARS-CoV-2 iyintsha, ayikho indlela ehambisanayo eqinisekisiwe. Noma kunjalo kungenzeka ukuzama ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwayo ngezitshalo ezinconyiwe uma kunomkhuhlane wesizini:

• I-Ginseng: eyaziwa ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba. Ukuphuza ekuseni, i-ginseng isiza ukulwa nokukhathala ngokomzimba ukusiza ukubuyisela amandla. Umthamo uyahlukahluka kuye kwelinye icala, thintana nodokotela wakho ukuze ulungise umthamo. 
• I-Echinacea: isiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-echinacea ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sokutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula (ukubanda, sinusitis, laryngitis, njll.).
• I-Andrographis: ngokulinganisela inciphisa ubude nokuqina kwezimpawu zezifo zokuphefumula (umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-pharyngitis).
• I-Eleutherococcus noma i-black elderberry: ivuselela amasosha omzimba futhi inciphise ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthatha uvithamini D kunganciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka okunamandla kokuphefumula ngokwandisa ukuzivikela komzimba (6). Ucwaningo oluvela kumagazini i-Minerva, Ukubuyekezwa Kwemithi Esekelwe Ebufakazini kuchaza ukuthi: Izithako ze-Vitamin D zingavimbela izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula. Iziguli ezizuza kakhulu yilezo ezintula kakhulu uvithamini D nalabo abathola umthamo wansuku zonke noma wamasonto onke. ”Ngakho-ke kwanele ukuthatha amaconsi ambalwa kavithamini D3 usuku ngalunye ukuze ufinyelele ku-1500 kuya ku-2000 IU ngosuku (IU = amayunithi omhlaba) kubantu abadala kanye ne-1000 IU ngosuku ezinganeni. Nokho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela izincomo zikadokotela ochazayo, ukugwema ukuba ne-overdose ye-vitamin D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwevithamini akukhululi ekuhlonipheni ukuthinta kwesithiyo. 

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuzivocavoca kuvuselela amasosha omzimba. Yingakho kunciphisa kokubili ingozi yokutheleleka nomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzivikele ku-coronavirus, njengazo zonke izifo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunconywa kakhulu. Qaphela, nokho, ukuthi ungadlali imidlalo uma kwenzeka unomkhuhlane. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuphumula ngoba ingozi ye-infarction ibonakala ikhula uma kwenzeka umzamo ngesikhathi somkhuhlane. “Umthamo” ofanelekile wokuzivocavoca umzimba ngosuku ukuze kukhuliswe amasosha omzimba kungaba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku (noma kuze kufike ehoreni).