Guqula i-CSV ibe yi-Excel njengethebula

Okuqukethwe kusizindalwazi kuvame ukukhishwa njengefayela le-.csv. Nokho, yifayela lombhalo nje, alifundeki kakhulu. Ukuze usebenze nokuqukethwe kusizindalwazi, kuyadingeka ukwethula ngendlela ehlukile - ngokuvamile amashidi e-Excel afaneleka kakhulu. Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezikhona zokwenza lokhu, iyiphi engcono, futhi yiziphi amaphutha akhona lapho udlulisela idatha, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Ungayiguqula kanjani i-CSV ibe yifomethi ye-Excel

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho idokhumenti ye-CSV elandiwe kusizindalwazi ingadluliselwa ku-Excel. Sizoxoxa ngezintathu zazo:

1. Ukuvula okuqondile ku-Excel.
2. Ivula nge-Windows Explorer.
3. Ngenisa idokhumenti enoshintsho lwefomethi.

Ivula idokhumenti ye-CSV ku-Excel

I-Excel ingavula amadokhumenti e-.csv ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Ifomethi ayishintshi ngemva kokuvula ngale ndlela, isandiso se-.csv siyalondolozwa – nakuba isandiso singashintshwa ngemva kokuhlela.

1. Vula i-Excel, chofoza "Ifayela", Bese"Vula".
2. Ewindini elivelayo, khetha inketho "Amafayela wombhaloohlwini olunwetshiwe.

3. Thola idokhumenti oyidingayo bese uchofoza kabili kuyo.

Amadokhumenti e-csv avuleka ku-Excel ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokukhohlisa okwengeziwe. Kodwa amafayela we-.txt azodinga ukuguqulwa - kuzovela iwindi "Umbhalo Wokungenisa Izeluleki".

Kunezimo lapho kungcono ukungavuli idokhumenti ngokuqondile, kodwa ukubiza Master. Le ndlela ifanelekile ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• uhlamvu oluhlukanisayo olusetshenziswe kudokhumenti alujwayelekile, noma kunezinhlobo eziningana zazo;
• idokhumenti iqukethe izinsuku ngefomethi ehlukene;
• uguqula izinombolo eziqala ngoziro futhi ufuna ukuzigcina zinjalo;
• ngaphambi kokudlulisa idatha, ufuna ukubona ukuthi umphumela uzobukeka kanjani;
• ngokuvamile ufuna ukuphatheka okwengeziwe.

Master izoqala uma ushintsha isandiso sedokhumenti sibe .txt. Ungase futhi uqale ukungenisa ifayela ngokuhlukile, okuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva, ngemva kokuchaza indlela yesibili yokuvula.

Uma wenza izinguquko kudokhumenti ngemva kokuyivula, i-Excel izokwazisa ukuthi uyigcine njenge-.xls (noma .xlsx) ngoba uma kungenjalo okunye ukufometha kuzolahleka. Khona-ke kuyoba khona njalo ithuba lokushintsha ifomethi emuva, noma kunjalo, enye ingxenye yokuqukethwe ingase ilahleke - ama-zero angase anyamalale ekuqaleni kwezinombolo, amanye amarekhodi angashintsha ukubukeka kwawo.

Ivula idokhumenti ye-CSV nge-Windows Explorer

Le ndlela ayihlukile ngokuyisisekelo kunangaphambili. Ukuze uvule idokhumenti, mane uchofoze kabili kuyo ku-Windows Explorer.

Ngaphambi kokuvula, qiniseka ukuthi eduze kwegama ledokhumenti kunesithonjana sohlelo lwe-Excel, hhayi olunye - lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Excel ikhethiwe njengohlelo okufanele luvule amafayela anjalo. Uma kungenjalo, olunye uhlelo luzovuleka. Ungayishintsha ibe yi-Excel kanje:

1. Shayela imenyu yokuqukethwe ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kunoma yiliphi ifayela le-.csv bese usebenzisa Vula Nge... > Khetha Uhlelo.
2. Khetha I-Excel (ideskithophu) of Izinhlelo Ezinconyiwe, ikhethe njengohlelo okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi lusetshenziswe kumafayela anjalo (khetha ibhokisi elingezansi), bese uvala iwindi ngokucindezela OK.

Ngenisa i-CSV ku-Excel

Kungenzeka futhi ukushintsha idokhumenti evuliwe ibe incwadi yokusebenzela ye-Excel. Ifomethi izoshintshela ku-.xls ezinguqulweni zangaphambili ze-Excel (2000, 2003) kanye ne-.xlsx yazo zonke ezinye. Konke okuqukethwe kuzovezwa eshidini elilodwa.

1. Chofoza iseli eshidini lapho ukungenisa kufanele kuqale khona. Ngokuvamile leli yiseli lokuqala ngqa etafuleni, A1. Kusukela kuyo, imigqa eminingi njengoba ikhona efayeleni elivuliwe, futhi amakholomu amaningi njengoba kunamanani kukholamu ngayinye azogcwaliswa.
2. Kuthebhu ethi “Idatha” eqenjini"Ukuthola Idatha Yangaphandle” khetha "Kusuka embhalweni”.

3. Ewindini elivelayo, thola idokhumenti edingekayo bese uchofoza kabili kuyo (ungasebenzisa futhi inkinobho Ngenisa ngaphansi kwefasitela).

4. Okulandelayo, udinga ukulandela imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuvuliwe Umbhalo Wokungenisa Izeluleki.

Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa idokhumenti yokuqala kanye nomphumela olindelekile. Ukuze yonke into ibukeke kanje ngemva kokungenisa, udinga ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene, okuzoxoxwa ngazo kamuva.

Isinyathelo 1. Iwizadi izokwazisa ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo lwefayela - njengoba ungase ucabange, kuyoba "nabahlukanisi" (ngesiNgisi - kunqunyelwe), kanye nomugqa lapho ukudluliselwa kokuqukethwe kuzoqala khona - cishe, udinga ukuqala ngawo imigomo 1uma ungafuni ukudlulisa ingxenye yokuqukethwe kuphela. Iwindi elingezansi lizobonisa imigqa yokuqala evela kudokhumenti ekhethiwe.

Isinyathelo 2. Manje udinga ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi esetshenziswayo isihlukanisi (kungase kube ngaphezu koyedwa) efayeleni, futhi ucacise lo mlingisi kulo Masters. Inezinketho ongakhetha kuzo kuma-delimiters ajwayelekile, kodwa uma kusetshenziswa uhlamvu lwe-atypical kudokhumenti, ungakhetha Izincwajana zemininingwane bese ufaka uhlamvu olufunayo. Efayelini elisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa, abahlukanisi bathi − Qalisa и Ithebhu. Okhefana bahlukanisa amaseli anezici zomkhiqizo, njengenombolo ye-serial kanye nenani lamakhophi athengisiwe, namathebhu ahlukanisa umkhiqizo owodwa komunye – ulwazi mayelana nelinye kufanele luqale emugqeni omusha.

Kuyadingeka futhi ukuchaza nokucacisa i-delimiter yombhalo. Lolu uhlamvu olubekwe ngaphambi nangemuva kocezu ngalunye lombhalo okufanele lubekwe kuseli eyodwa. Ngenxa ye-delimiter, ingxenye ngayinye enjalo ibonwa njengenani elihlukile, ngisho noma ngaphakathi kuyo kunezinhlamvu ezikhethelwe ukuhlukanisa amanani. Encwadini yethu, inani ngalinye lifakwe kufreyimu ngezingcaphuno - ngakho-ke, ngisho noma liqukethe ukhefana (isibonelo, "ukuqala, bese uqhubeka"), wonke umbhalo wawo uzofakwa kuseli eyodwa, hhayi ezimbili zilandelana.

Isinyathelo 3. Lapha kwanele ukubuka ukubuka kuqala futhi, uma kungabonisi noma yimaphi amaphutha angamukeleki, chofoza Qeda. Kungenzeka ukuthi amanye amanani angeke ahlukaniswe isihlukanisi esisodwa, kodwa eziningana, ngenxa yalokho, amaseli ngaphandle kwamanani azovela phakathi kwawo. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, khetha ibhokisi lokuthikha Phatha abahlukanisi abalandelanayo njengento eyodwa.

5. Khetha indlela okuyiwa kuyo (kungaba ishidi elisha noma ishidi elikhona) bese uchofoza OKukuqedela inqubo yokungenisa.

Ungachofoza futhi Materials - kukhona amanye amathuba. Isibonelo, ungafometha okuqukethwe, wenze umaka ngendlela oyifisayo, nokuthi ulwazi lubuyekezwa kanjani.

Kwesinye isikhathi umphumela wokuguqulwa awulindelekile. Ukuthi lo mphumela ungashintshwa kanjani kuzoxoxwa ngakho esigabeni esilandelayo sesihloko.

Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kanye nezixazululo zazo

Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ifomethi ye-CSV ikhona, akekho oke wazihlupha ngokuyibhala ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi amakhoma kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuhlukanisa amanani, empeleni, i-database ehlukene isebenzisa abahlukanisi abahlukene - ama-semicolons, amathebhu, nabanye.

Izinqamuli zombhalo nazo zingahluka – ezikhathini eziningi kungaba amamaki abacaphuni noma i-byte order mark. Kungase kungabi khona nhlobo okuhlukanisiwe - khona-ke uhlamvu olusetshenziswa njengesihlukanisi luhlala lubonwa lunjalo (ngakho-ke ngokuvamile aliwona ukhefana - lusetshenziswa kakhulu embhalweni - kodwa uhlamvu oluhlukile, olungajwayelekile kakhulu).

Amafayela angajwayelekile angase angavuli ngendlela efanele - ukuze aboniswe njengoba kufanele, kufanele ushintshe izilungiselelo zekhompyutha noma uhlelo lokuvula. Ake sibone ukuthi yibuphi ubunzima obukhona nokuthi yiziphi izixazululo ezikhona kubo.

Ifayela alivuli ngendlela efanele

Ubufakazi. Konke okuqukethwe kwedokhumenti kubekwe kukholamu yokuqala.

Isizathu. Idokhumenti isebenzisa uhlamvu njengesinqamuli esinganqunywanga kanjalo kuzilungiselelo zekhompyutha, noma sibekelwe umsebenzi ohlukile. Isibonelo, ukhefana ungase ubekelwe ukwehlukanisa izingxenye zedesimali zenombolo, ngakho awukwazi ukuhlukanisa amanani efayeleni.

Solutions. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuxazulula le nkinga:

1. Shintsha uhlamvu oluhlukanisayo kudokhumenti ngokwayo. Ivule ku-Notepad noma kumhleli ofanayo, futhi emgqeni wokuqala (ayinalutho, yonke idatha kufanele ibe emigqeni engezansi), faka umbhalo olandelayo:

• ukushintsha isihlukanisi sibe ukhefana: Septhemba
• ukushintshela kusemicolon: isiqephu =;

Omunye uhlamvu olubhalwe ngemva isiqephu = emgqeni wokuqala, izophinde ibe i-delimiter.

2. Uhlamvu lwesihlukanisi olusetshenziswe efayeleni lungabuye lucaciswe ku-Excel ngokwayo. Ezinguqulweni zika-2016, 2013 noma 2010, kulokhu udinga ukuvula ithebhu Idatha bese ukhetha “Umbhalo ngamakholomu” eqenjini"Ukusebenza ngedatha".

Lokhu kuzovula iwindi "Izazi zokusabalalisa umbhalo kumakholomu”. Lapho, kusukela kumafomethi edatha ahlongozwayo, udinga ukukhetha lawo anezihlukanisi. Bese udinga ukucindezela Olandelayo futhi, ngemva kokukhetha i-delimiter, Qeda.

3. Ukuze uvule ngokuzenzakalelayo idokhumenti nge Ngenisa Wizadi, futhi hhayi eshidini le-Excel kuphela, isandiso singashintshwa sisuke ku-.csv siye ku-.txt. AT Masters kungenzeka ukucacisa noma yimuphi umlingiswa njengesihlukanisi - indlela yokwenza lokhu, isihloko esichazwe ngaphambili.
4. Sebenzisa i-VBA. Ungasebenzisa, isibonelo, – ifanele i-Excel 2000 noma 2003. Ikhodi ingashintshwa ukuze ifanele ezinye izinguqulo.

Izixazululo ezivezwe ngenhla zenzelwe imibhalo ngayinye, izilungiselelo zazo ezihlukile kwejwayelekile. Lokhu kulandelana kwezenzo kuyodingeka kusetshenziswe kufayela ngalinye elingavuleki ngendlela efanele. Uma iningi lamadokhumenti lingavuli ngendlela efanele, mhlawumbe isisombululo esihle kakhulu ukushintsha izilungiselelo zekhompiyutha - lokhu kuxoxwa ngesixazululo sesihlanu.

5. Shintsha isihlukanisi nephoyinti ledesimali kuzilungiselelo zekhompyutha

В Iphaneli yokulawula,ebizwa ngenkinobho Qala, khetha “Izinketho ezengeziwe” ohlwini “Amazinga Wesifunda”. Ngemuva kokuchofoza, kuzovela iwindiIsilungiselelo sefomethi” -kuyo ungakhetha "Isihlukanisi sohlu” kanye nesihlukanisi senamba kanye nezingxenye eziyingxenye yenombolo. Uma amafayela edinga ukhefana njenge-delimiter, qala usethe isikhathi njengephoyinti ledesimali. Kungase kube ngenye indlela - udinga i-semicolon njengomlingiswa ohlukanisayo. Khona-ke ngama-fractions, ungashiya noma yiluphi uphawu, lokhu ngeke kubangele ukungqubuzana.

Uma zonke izilungiselelo seziqediwe, chofoza OK kuwo womabili amafasitela avuliwe - azovala futhi izinguquko zizogcinwa. Khumbula ukuthi manje basebenzela zonke izinhlelo ezikukhompyutha.

Susa amaziro aholayo

Sign. Amanye amanani kudokhumenti yomthombo izinombolo eziqala ngoziro ezingahlukaniswa uphawu lwengxenyana (isibonelo, ama-ciphers namakhodi anenombolo engaguquki yamadijithi, ukungena ngemvume namaphasiwedi, imitha nokufundwa kwezinsimbi). Ku-Excel, ama-zero ekuqaleni kwezinombolo ezinjalo ayanyamalala. Uma uhlela ifayela bese uligcina njengencwadi yokusebenzela ye-Excel, ngeke kusatholakala kule ncwadi lapho lezo zinombolo ezinoziro zazikhona.

Isizathu. I-Excel inamafomethi ahlukene ombhalo nezinombolo. Emafayeleni ombhalo, akukho ukuhlukana okunjalo, ngakho-ke i-Excel yabela ifomethi Ejwayelekile kuwo wonke amanani. Kusho ukuthi umbhalo uvezwa njengombhalo, futhi izinombolo ezingenazo izinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi zivezwa njengenombolo engakwazi ukuqala ngoziro.

Isixazululo. Shintsha isandiso sibe yi-.txt ukuze unike amandla Iseluleki Sokungenisa lapho uvula idokhumenti. Uma ufika esinyathelweni sesi-3, shintsha ifomethi yamakholomu enezinombolo eziqala ngoziro zibe umbhalo.

Amanye amanani abukeka njengamadethi

Sign. Amadethi abonisa amanani ekuqaleni awumbhalo ongenalutho noma izinombolo.

Isizathu. Ifomethi evamile ihlanganisa ukuguqula amanani abe amadethi afana nalawo e-Excel. Uma idokhumenti ye-CSV iqukethe inani elilodwa njenge ngoMeyi12, bese eshidini le-Excel izovezwa njengosuku.

Isixazululo. Okufanayo nalokho esimweni esidlule. Shintsha isandiso sibe yi-.txt, in Masters shintsha ifomethi yamanani aguqulelwe kumadethi abe umbhalo.

Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ufuna ukuveza okuqukethwe kwekholomu ethile njengezinsuku, yibekele ifomethi Usuku. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zefomethi yedethi, ngakho-ke khetha oyidingayo ohlwini.

Ungawangenisa kanjani amafayela e-CSV amaningi ku-Excel

I-Excel ingavula amafayela e-CSV amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

1. Cindezela Ifayela> Vula bese ukhetha okukhethwa kukho Amafayela wombhalo ohlwini lokudonsela phansi ngezansi.
2. Ukuze ukhethe amafayela amaningi ngapha nangapha, qala ukhethe elokuqala, bese uchofoza Shift bese uchofoza okokugcina. Ngaphezu kwamafayela akhethiwe, wonke amafayela aphakathi azokhethwa.
3. Chofoza Vula.

Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi ifayela ngalinye elikhethiwe lizovulwa ngokwehlukana ku-Excel. Ukusuka komunye umbhalo uye kwenye kungakhuphula izindleko zesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukukopisha okuqukethwe kwakho konke emakhasini encwadini yokusebenzela efanayo.

Incazelo yayiyinde, nokho, manje usuzokwazi ukuvula noma yiliphi ifayela le-CSV ku-Excel ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi. Uma okuthile kubonakala kungaqondakali ekuqaleni, vele ulandele izinyathelo ezibonisiwe futhi konke kuzocaca.