Sikhuluma ngani ngokuzalana ndawonye? Abazali abahlukanisile noma abahlukene, abathandana bobulili obufanayo, abangabazali… Ubuningi bezimo buholela abantu abadala ababili ukuba bakhulise ingane. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwengane nabazali bayo ababili, ngaphandle kobudlelwane bomshado bamuva.

Kuvele e-Italy, leli gama lokuba ngumzali ngokubambisana lisesinyathelweni seNhlangano Yabazali Abahlukene, ukulwa nokuhlukana okubekwe ekugcinweni kwezingane ngesikhathi sokuhlukana. Leli gama, eliye lamukelwa yiFrance, lichaza iqiniso lokuthi abantu abadala ababili basebenzisa ilungelo lokuba umzali wengane yabo, ngaphandle kokuhlala ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa noma ukushada.

Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa isibopho somshado, esingase sigqashulwe, esibophweni somzali nengane esiqhubekayo, naphezu kwezingxabano zabazali. Izinhlangano zabazali zikwenze kwaba yisizinda sazo ukulwa nokucwaswa kwabantu bobulili obufanayo, ngesikhathi sesehlukaniso, nokuvimbela ukuthunjwa kwezingane kusetshenziswa amathonya ahloselwe ukukhohlisa ingane. umzali noma iMedea ”.

Ngokomthetho waseFrance, “igunya labazali liyiqoqo lamalungelo kodwa futhi yimisebenzi. Lawa malungelo kanye nemisebenzi ekugcineni kuyinzuzo yengane ”(isihloko 371-1 se-Civil Code). “Ngakho-ke kuhlale kuyizintshisekelo zengane okufanele kubuse, kuhlanganisa nokuba nomzali ngokubambisana”.

Ukuqashelwa njengomzali wengane kunquma amalungelo nemisebenzi efana nale:

• ukugcinwa kwengane;
• izibopho zokunakekela izidingo zabo;
• ukuqinisekisa ukulandelelwa kwakhe kwezokwelashwa;
• imfundo yakhe;
• ilungelo lokumthatha ohambweni;
• ukuba nesibopho ngezenzo zakhe ezingeni lokuziphatha nezomthetho, inqobo nje uma esemncane;
• ukuphathwa kwempahla yakhe kuze kube iningi lakhe.

Ngokwesichazamazwi somthetho, ukuzala ngokubambisana kumane nje “kuyigama elinikezwe umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe ngabazali ababili be”igunya labazali".

Igama elithi co-parenting lisebenza kubantu abadala ababili, kungaba umbhangqwana noma cha, abakhulisa ingane, izinhlangothi zombili ezizizwa zinesibopho ngale ngane, futhi eziqashelwa ingane ngokwayo njengabazali bayo.

Bangaba:

• abazali bakhe begazi, kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo somshado;
• umzali wakhe omzalayo nomngane wakhe womshado omusha;
• abantu abadala ababili bobulili obufanayo, abaxhunyaniswe ubudlelwano bomphakathi, umshado, ukutholwa, ukutholwa noma ukuzala okusizwa ngokwemithi, okunquma izinyathelo ezithathwe ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe umndeni.

Ngokwe-Civil Code, i-athikili 372, “obaba nomama basebenzisa igunya lobuzali ngokubambisana. Kodwa-ke, i-Civil Code inikeza okuhlukile: amathuba okuphucwa igunya labazali kanye nokudluliselwa kwaleli gunya kubantu besithathu ”.

Umshado wawo wonke umuntu uvumele abantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo ukuthi bahlonishwe ngokomthetho njengabaqashelwa ngokomthetho endabeni yalokhu kubambisana kwabazali.

Kodwa umthetho waseFrance ubeka imithetho ephathelene nokukhulelwa kwengane negunya labazali, isehlukaniso noma ngisho nokutholwa.

Kuye ngohlaka olungokomthetho lapho ingane yazala khona noma yatholwa, ilungelo layo lokunakekela kanye negunya lomzali lingase linikezwe umuntu oyedwa, umbhangqwana ongqingili, noma komunye wabazali begazi osebudlelwaneni nomuntu wesithathu, njll.

Ngakho-ke igunya labazali aliyona indaba yokuzala, kodwa elokuqashelwa ngokomthetho. Izinkontileka ze-Surrogacy ezisayinwe phesheya (ngoba azivunyelwe e-France) azinawo amandla omthetho e-France.

E-France, ukuzala okusizwayo kugcinelwe abazali abathandana nobulili obuhlukile. Futhi kuphela uma kukhona ukungazali noma ingozi yokudluliselwa kwesifo esibi enganeni.

Abantu abaningana, abanjengoMarc-Olivier Fogiel, intatheli, balandisa ngohambo olunzima oluhlobene nalokhu kuqashelwa komzali encwadini yakhe: “Yini engalungile ngomkhaya wami? “.

Okwamanje, lesi sixhumanisi esisungulwe ngokusemthethweni phesheya kulandela isivumelwano sikamama obambele omunye ngokomthetho silotshwa kurejista yesimo somphakathi saseFrance hhayi nje kuphela ngokuthi siqoka ubaba ozalayo kodwa futhi nomzali. inhloso - ubaba noma umama.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene ne-PMA, lesi sikhundla singokomthetho kuphela futhi ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekutholeni ingane yomlingani womshado, okwamanje azikho ezinye izindlela zokusungula isibopho sayo sokutholwa.

Okwamanje, uhlaka lwezomthetho lwesiFulentshi aluboni noma yiliphi ilungelo lokuba umzali kubazali bokutholwa, kodwa izimo ezithile zingase zibe okuhlukile:

• ukuthunyelwa ngokuzithandela: lIsihloko 377 sinikeza eqinisweni: ” ukuthi ijaji linganquma inani eliphelele noma eliyingxenye lamandla okusetshenziswa kwegunya labazali “esihlotsheni esithembekile” ngokwesicelo soyise nomama, sisebenze ndawonye noma ngokwehlukana “lapho izimo zidinga kanjalo””. Ngamanye amazwi, uma omunye wabazali, ngokuvumelana nengane ecela kanjalo, omunye wabazali angaphucwa amalungelo akhe omzali evuna omunye umuntu;
• izithunywa ezabiwe: liSigele sihlela ukuvumela usingamzali ukuba “ahlanganyele ekusebenziseni igunya lobuzali ngaphandle kokuba noyedwa wabazali alahlekelwe amalungelo akhe. Nokho, imvume ecacile yalokhu yokugcina isadingeka ”;
• ukwamukelwa: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kugcwele noma kulula, le nqubo yokutholwa yenzelwa ukuguqula ubudlelwano bukasingamzali nomzali. Le ndlela ihlanganisa umbono we-filiation ukuthi umzali ongamzali uzodlulisela enganeni.