E-China, izitshalo zokwelapha akha "umcebo wesizwe" futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi, kokubili ukuvikela nokwelapha. Khumbula ukuthi i-pharmacopoeia ingenye yezindlela ezi-5 ze- Umuthi wendabuko wamaShayina (TCM) ukugcina noma ukubuyisela impilo - enye engu-4 kungukucovuza umzimba, i-Chinese dietetics, i-Tui Na massage kanye nokuzivocavoca amandla (i-Qi Gong ne-Tai-chi). Ezweni adabuka kulo, i- I-Chinese pharmacopoeia yindlela yokuqala oyithandayo; kubhekwa njengamandla amakhulu ukwedlula ukutshopa. (Ukuthola imigomo eyisisekelo yalo mkhuba wonke, bheka ishidi leqiniso i-Traditional Chinese Medicine.)

Okuhlangenwe nakho iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3, ​​i- I-Chinese pharmacopoeia iqukethe izinto eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, ezingaba ngu-300 ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile. Noma ngabe ingxenye enkulu yolwazi eqonde kule pharmacopoeia isuselwa ku umkhuba wendabuko Okudumile - ngokuhlukahluka kusuka esifundeni kuya esifundeni - Odokotela baseChina bathole idatha enkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Namuhla, i-pharmacology kanye nocwaningo ziyaqhubeka nokujulisa le sayensi, kuyilapho odokotela bangaleso sikhathi besungula izindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa, ezijwayela ukujwayela izifo zesikhathi sethu. I-pharmacopoeia yamaShayina ngakho-ke iyindlela yokuphila.

Ezinye zezitshalo ezivame ukusetshenziswa Emithi Yendabuko YamaShayina siyazijwayela, isibonelo, i-licorice noma i-verbena. Eziningi, noma kunjalo, zincane noma azaziwa lapha futhi azinalo negama lesiFulentshi (njengoba nje nezitshalo eziningi zokwelapha zaseNtshonalanga zingaziwa eChina). Ngakho-ke, le pharmacopoeia isakha indawo engahloliwe yososayensi baseNtshonalanga futhi asazi izithako ezisebenzayo iningi labo. Ukuthintana nokuqanjwa kwamagama ezitshalo kanye namagama azo esiFulentshi, isiNgisi nesiLatin, thintana neLexicon yezitshalo zokwelapha.

Qaphela ukuthi i-pharmacology yaseNtshonalanga ngokuvamile ithembela kwisithako esisebenzayo ukuxazulula inkinga. THE 'i-herbalism yendabuko, okwamanje, incike emphumeleni hlanganisa wezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwenziweni ngamakhambi kwamaShayina, okujwayelekile ukusebenzisa izitshalo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, okusho ukuthi "ukulungiselela". Ngaleyo ndlela sisebenzisa ithuba le- ukuhlangana izithako eziningana ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo futhi lokhu kunciphisa imiphumela emibi engabangelwa ukuthatha isitshalo esisodwa ngobuningi.

Yize ezinye izitshalo noma amalungiselelo angathengwa ngokuhweba futhi kudliwe njengemithi yokuzelapha, ezimweni eziningi kunjalo ebekiwe ngabacupuncturists noma abasebenza ku umuthi wamaShayina. Njengase-Western herbalism, izingxenye ezisetshenziswayo zingamaqabunga, izimbali, amagxolo, izimpande kanye nembewu.

Ngokuvumelana ne Umuthi wendabuko wamaShayina, amandla okwelashwa kwesitshalo ancike kuzo zonke izici zaso:

• umbala wakhe;
• imvelo yayo: iyashisa, iyabanda, ayithathi hlangothi;
• ukunambitheka kwawo: kumuncu, kubaba, kumnandi, kubabile, kunosawoti;
• ukumiswa kwayo: ukuma, ukuthungwa, okuqukethwe umswakama;
• izakhiwo zayo: ukuhlakaza, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanza kanye nephimbo.

Ngokuqondene nezakhiwo, ake sithathe isibonelo sohlobo lwesifo samathambo esenziwa saba sibi kakhuluUmswakama noma imvula: ngokombono wamaShayina, lokhu kubangelwa Ukuswakama nokubanda kuma-meridians. Noma isitshalo I-Hai Tong Pi, ekhula ngasolwandle, ngokwengqondo yaseShayina (kanye nesipiliyoni seminyaka yokusebenza), impahla yokuhlakaza umswakama nokubanda. Kufanele futhi sisho ukuthi impahla ye- toning kubalulekile kule ndlela futhi kusebenza njengesisekelo sanoma yimuphi umzamo wokwelapha. Lapha, "ukuthambisa" kusho ukukhulisa amandla, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokumelana nomzimba ezintweni ezingezinhle.

Esinye isici esiyisisekelo, amakhambi akhethwa ngokukhethekile ngokuvumelana ekekho neyodwa phatha. Umuthi "olungile" ufanelekile kumuntu onjalo futhi onjalo, njengoba nje ukhiye olungile uvula ukukhiya okunjalo nalokhu. Ukunikeza isitshalo noma ukulungiswa, udokotela kufanele angaqondi nje kuphela izimbangela zezimpawu, kepha namandla eziguli zakhe - okubizwa ngokuthi yi ” phansi ".

Njengoba eNtshonalanga sivame ukusebenzisa indlela ye- I-Chinese pharmacopoeia Ngaphezu kokwelashwa okujwayelekile, udokotela noma i-herbalist e-TCM kufanele aqeqeshwe ngokuqinile futhi azi ukuxhumana phakathi kwezitshalo nezidakamizwa, uma kukhona.

Kunezici ezi-2 okufanele zinakwe i-ukuphepha wemithi yamakhambi: ukufaneleka kwemithi kanye okuhlukile izitshalo kanjalo. Ngaphandle okumbalwa (okubandakanya imikhiqizo ethile yezifo ezithambile nezijwayelekile), amakhambi aseShayina kanye namalungiselelo akubonisiweukuzelapha noma ngemiyalelo yama-amateur. Kufanele zinqunywe futhi zinikezwe udokotela wezokwelapha waseShayina, i-acupuncturist, noma i-herbalist efanelekayo.

Nokho, kubonakala sengathi awukho umuthi osebenzayo ophephe ngokuphelele. I- Umuthi wamakhambi waseShayina, njengezinto eziningi ezisebenzayo, kungabangela Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo. Ngenhlanhla, isiko elide kakhulu laseMpumalanga lenza ukuthi le miphumela yaziwe ngokunemba. Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, zihlelekile ukugaya ukudla (ukuqunjelwa, ukungathandi ukudla, isicanucanu). Ngokuvamile, umkhuba wamaShayina uqala ngokuthanda izitshalo ezingenabo ubuthi ezisekela uhlelo lokuziphilisa kuyilapho zigcina izitshalo ezinezindawo ezinobuthi ezimweni ezinzima. Ngokusho kukadokotela wezokwelapha waseChina uPhilippe Sionneau, ongomunye wabaphenyi nabafundisi abahlonishwa kakhulu baseNtshonalanga ku-TCM, "ubungozi nge-Chinese pharmacopoeia bulele kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwezinto ezingasifanele isiguli kunasezitshalweni uqobo". Uyanezela ukuthi umuthi wamakhambi waseChina uyasebenza kakhulu futhi usebenza kakhulu kuphephile kakhulu inqobo nje uma uyazi kahle futhi uyenza efanele¹.

Ngokuqondene nekhwalithi ye- amakhambi angenisiwe, imithetho yaseShayina yokutshalwa kwezitshalo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iye yaqiniswa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani eziningi zokungenisa impahla manje sezisebenzisa izindinganiso zazo. Futhi odokotela abanekhono bayazi, ngokomthetho, ukuthi bangathola kuphi, okusho ukuthi kubahlinzeki abahlonipha izindinganiso futhi abangaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ayingcolisiwe futhi ayonakalisiwe.

Ngokuqondene ne imikhiqizo yezidakamizwa elungisiwe (amaphilisi, ama-ampoules, njll.), ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhulu Prudence iyadingeka. Lapho ihlolwa yi-United States Food and Drug Administration, eminye yale mikhiqizo yayiqukethe izinto ezazingekho ohlwini lwezithako. Lokhu sekudale izingozi ezimbi zempilo. Kungcono ukuthola imikhiqizo enconywe odokotela abaziwayo noma uthintane nesigaba sethu se-Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Ezimweni eziningi, amakhambi Chinese kumele ithathwe I-Decoction, okudinga isikhathi sokulungiselela kwesinye isikhathi esenza iziguli… zingakwazi ukubekezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa “makhambi etiye” noma “amasobho” ngokuvamile ababi kakhulu ku- Ukunambitha, futhi okubuhlungu ukuphuza (okungenani amakhambi aqinile), abanye abantu abakuyekayo. Amakhala aseNtshonalanga nolwanga kungenzeka kube nzima kakhulu empilweni yawo…

Umgomo oyinhloko Wemithi Yendabuko YamaShayina kanye nayo ikhemisi iyona ushintsho.. Imayelana nokugcina umzimba uphilile - okusho ngamagama ethu ukuthi kuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Izitshalo eziningi namalungiselelo analo leli khono futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ayingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke yezigidi zabantu.

Ngokombono ukuphulukiswa, Imithi Yendabuko YamaShayina iwuhlelo lokwelapha oluphelele, futhi amakhambi kukholakala ukuthi elapha cishe noma iyiphi inkinga. ENtshonalanga, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvinjelwe, ngoba umuthi we-allopathic usungulwe kahle kuyo yonke imikhakha yezempilo. Ngakho-ke kubukeka sengathi izifo abantu baseNtshonalanga abavame ukubonisana nabasebenzi be-TCM yilezo ezingaphenduli kahle ekwelashweni okuvamile: ubuhlungu obungapheli, ukungezwani komzimba, izinkinga zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, isifo samathambo, izimpawu zokuxineka, ukukhathala nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.

Ukuze wazi imithi eyinhloko yamaShayina enikezwa odokotela baseNtshonalanga ngenqwaba yezifo, ungathintana nesigaba sase-Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Amalungiselelo atholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta ethulwa ngokuningiliziwe: ukusetshenziswa, umthamo, ucwaningo, ukwakheka, izimpawu zokuthengisa, njll.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqoqo laseMelika elifundisayo elibhalelwe odokotela, i Inkomba Ephelele Yomtholampilo Kokuphelelisa Nezinye Medicine², ikhethe ukuhlukanisa ngezigaba ezi-3 izinkinga zezempilo okuzokhonjiswa kuzo ikhemisi laseChina. Nakhu:

• Indlela yokwelapha efanelekile: i-allergies, ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokubeletha, i-premenstrual syndrome, izinkinga zokucindezeleka.
• Enye yezindlela zokwelashwa ezinhle ze: imilutha, i-amenorrhea, i-syndrome engasebenzi emilenzeni, i-arthritis, i-asthma, ubuhlungu beqolo, i-benign prostatic hyperplasia, ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, i-bronchitis, i-candidiasis, i-pneumonia, ukukhulelwa, umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa, izinkinga zokuphefumula, i-arthritis rheumatoid, sinusitis, ukulala izinkinga, isisu esicasukile, izilonda, izilonda, i-uterine fibroid, ukutheleleka kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-adjunct okuwusizo: Ingculaza, umdlavuza, amakhathakhatha, izimuncagazi zamathumbu (pinworm), izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, i-apnea, ugcunsula, ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo.

Ekugcineni, kufanele sisho ukuthi i-Chinese pharmacopoeia isetshenziswa kakhulu eJapan, lapho yaziwa khona ngaphansi kwegama le- Kampo (noma IKampoh). Ngakho-ke amalungiselelo amaningana aseShayina ayanconywa futhi asekelwa Uhlelo Lwezempilo Lomnyango Wezempilo WaseJapane. Ukusetshenziswa okujwayele ukwenzelwa lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo: isifo samathambo, isifo sezinso, isifo sokusha kwesibindi, isifo sikashukela, i-PMS, i-dysmenorrhea, nezinkinga zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Ucwaningo lapho kuhlolwe khona isitshalo noma ukulungiswa kwabantu abathola i-a isifo esithile, ngaphandle kokubheka indlela yokuxilongwa ethize eyeNdabuko Chinese Medicine (okusho ukuthi umuntu ngamunye une- ” phansi Ikakhulukazi), banikeze imiphumela exubile, uma ingadumazi. Muva nje nje lapho sesiqale khona ukufunda i-Chinese pharmacopoeia ngombono obanzi.

Kusukela ngama-2000s, iqembu leCochrane selishicilele cishe ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwe-XNUMX ku- I-Chinese pharmacopoeia esetshenziswa maqondana nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zezempilo³. Ucwaningo olukhonjiwe ikakhulukazi ngumphumela we-amanyuvesi AmaShayina, amaJapane kanye namaMelika (izinkampani ezenza imithi azinandaba nezitshalo njengoba zingakwazi ukuzenzela igunya lobunikazi). Iziphetho zababhali balezi zibuyekezo ziphakamisa ukuthi i-pharmacopoeia yaseShayina ingasiza ekwelapheni izifo eziningi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izilingo eziningi zenziwa ngamaqembu amancane abantu futhi zaletha izinkinga zendlela. Ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokwanele ukusebenza kwe-pharmacopoeia yaseChina.

Khumbula ukuthi iWorld Health Organisation iyakhuthaza futhi iyakusekela ukusetshenziswa kwe izitshalo zokwelapha ngokuvamile futhi amakhambi Chinese ikakhulukazi, lapho abona khona “umthombo wezidakamizwa ngempumelelo et ezishibhile »⁴.

Siyathola Amalungiselelo amaShayina (ama-ampoules, ama-tinctures, ama-granules noma amaphilisi) ezitolo zamaShayina nakwamanye amakhemisi. Ngokuvamile engenisiwe, le mikhiqizo ivamise ukulebula ngesi-Chinese kuphela. Izinga lezingxenye zabo aliqinisekisiwe (Prudence). Kodwa ezinye zazo kade zaziwa ngabathengi baseNtshonalanga, ikakhulu ukwelapha imikhuhlane; ngokuvamile akubizi. Lapho uthenga umkhiqizo, isiqiniseko esingcono kakhulu sekhwalithi njengamanje ukuqinisekiswa kwe Imikhuba emihle yokukhiqiza (BPF / GMP) kusukela ku-Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration. Leli zinga lithathwa njengeliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ekuhlolweni kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye- I-Chinese pharmacopoeia. Isigaba sethu se-Chinese Pharmacopoeia sibonisa cishe imikhiqizo engamashumi amahlanu ehlangabezana naleli zinga.

IChinatown zonke zinezitolo ezikhethekile I-Chinese pharmacopoeia. Kodwa-ke, umabhalane akufanele athembele kuye ekuncomeni ukwelashwa. Masiphinde ukuthi Imithi Yendabuko YaseShayina iyinkimbinkimbi futhi abantu abaqeqeshwe kahle kuphela, njengama-acupuncturists noma Odokotela bemithi yamaShayina, ingahlola futhi inikeze ukwelashwa ngamakhambi. Baqeqeshwe emikhubeni emi-5 ye-TCM, odokotela baseyivelakancane eNtshonalanga, kodwa ama-acupuncturists angatholakala emadolobheni amaningi. Abaningi bathenga izitshalo abazinika zona.

Ngaphandle uma usebenza njengomfundi a Umuthi wamakhambi waseChina, akukho ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele eNtshonalanga okunikelwe kuphela kuleli gatsha leMithi Yesintu YesiShayina. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izikole zifaka i-pharmacopoeia kwikharikhulamu yazo ejwayelekile ye-TCM noma inikezela ngoqeqesho olukhethekile. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi e-Catholic University of Louvain eBelgium.⁵ naseNyuvesi yaseMontpellier 1 eFrance⁶. Ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwe I-Chinese pharmacopoeia futhi kaningi kuyingxenye yokuqeqeshwa kokutholwa kwemithi.