Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukungahambisani kweqembu legazi?
“Ngaphambi kokuzalwa komfanyana wami, ngike ngazibuza ukuthi kukhona yini ukungezwani kwegazi phakathi kwami naye. Ngingu-O +, umyeni wami A +, kimi kwakungekho ukungahambisani kwe-rhesus, kwakungekho nkinga. Ngaba nokukhulelwa okungenamafu nokubeletha okuphelele. Kodwa injabulo yashesha yaphela usizi. Lapho ngibheka ingane yami, ngabona ngokushesha ukuthi inombala ongabazekayo. Bangitshele ukuthi mhlawumbe yi-jaundice. Bawuthatha kimi bawufaka emshinini wokwelapha ukukhanya. Kodwa izinga le-bilirubin lalingehli futhi babengazi ukuthi kungani. Ngangikhathazeke kakhulu.
Ukungaqondi ukuthi kwenzekani kuyinto embi kakhulu kubazali. Ngabona ukuthi ingane yami ayikho esimeni esijwayelekile, ibuthakathaka, ifana ne-anemia. Bammisa ku-neonatology futhi u-Leo wami omncane wahlala ngokuqhubekayo emshinini we-ray. Angikwazanga ukuba naye amahora angu-48 okuqala. Bamehlisela kimi ukuze adle. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi ukuqala kokuncelisa kwaba nesiphithiphithi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, odokotela bagcine sebekhuluma ngokungahambelani kwamaqembu egazi. Bangitshela ukuthi le nkinga yayingenzeka lapho umama engu-O, ubaba engu-A noma B, nengane engu-A noma engu-B.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ukukubeka kalula, amasosha ami amasosha omzimba abhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane yami. Ngokushesha lapho sesazi kahle ukuthi wayenakho, sazizwa sikhululeke kakhulu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izinga le-bilirubin ekugcineni lehla futhi ngenhlanhla ukumpontshelwa kwagwenywa.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, umfanyana wami wathatha isikhathi eside ukuba alulame kulobu bunzima. Kwakuyingane ebuthakathaka, egula kakhulu. Kwakumele uqaphe kakhulu ngoba amasosha akhe omzimba ayentekenteke. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, akekho owamanga. Ukukhula kwayo kwaqashwa ngeso elibukhali udokotela wezingane. Namuhla indodana yami isesimweni esihle kakhulu. Sengikhulelwe futhi futhi ngiyazi ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi ingane yami iphinde ibe nale nkinga ngesikhathi izalwa. (Ayibonakali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa). Angisenayo ingcindezi ngoba ngizitshela ukuthi okungenani manje sesiyazi. “
Ukukhanyisa nguDkt Philippe Deruelle, udokotela wokubelethisa, uLille CHRU.
- Kuyini ukungahambisani kweqembu legazi?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokungahambisani kwegazi. Ukungahambisani kwe-rhesus esikwazi kahle futhi okuvezwa ukungahambi kahle okunzima ku-utero, kodwa futhiukungahambisani kwamaqembu egazi ohlelweni lwe-ABO esikuthola ekuzalweni kuphela.
Ithinta u-15 kuya ku-20% wokuzalwa. Lokhu angeke kwenzeke ukuthi uma umama eseqenjini O nokuthi umntwana uyiqembu A noma B. Ngemva kokubeletha, elinye igazi likamama lixutshwa nelomntwana. Amasosha omzimba asegazini likamama angase abulale amangqamuzana egazi abomvu omntwana. Lesi simo siholela ekukhiqizeni okungavamile kwe-bilirubin ebonakala njenge-jaundice yokuqala (i-jaundice) kusana olusanda kuzalwa. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-jaundice ezihlobene nokungahambisani kwamaqembu egazi zincane. Ukuhlolwa kwe-COOMBS kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola lokhu kudidayo. Kumasampula egazi, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukuthi amasosha omzimba kamama ayanamathela yini emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi omntwana ukuze awabhubhise.
- Ukungahambisani kweqembu legazi: ukwelashwa
Izinga le-bilirubin kufanele livinjwe ukuthi likhuphuke ngoba izinga eliphezulu lingabangela ukulimala kwezinzwa enganeni. Khona-ke ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy kuyasethwa. Umgomo we-phototherapy ukuveza ubuso besikhumba somntwana osanda kuzalwa ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okwenza i-bilirubin inyibilike futhi imvumele ukuthi ayiqede emchameni wakhe. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi zingaqalwa uma umntwana engaphenduli ku-phototherapy: ukumpontshelwa i-immunoglobulin ejova ngomjovo noma i-exsanguino-transfusion. Le nqubo yokugcina ihlanganisa ukufaka esikhundleni ingxenye enkulu yegazi lomntwana, akuvamile ukuba yenziwe.