Okuqukethwe
Isifo sikaCharcot
Isifo sikaCharcot, esibizwa nangokuthi i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) yisifo se-neurodegenerative. Kancane kancane ifinyelela i-neurons futhi kuholela ebuthakathakeni bemisipha kulandele ukukhubazeka. Iminyaka yokuphila kweziguli ihlala imfushane kakhulu. NgesiNgisi, kubizwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig, ukuhlonipha umdlali we-baseball odumile ophethwe yilesi sifo. Igama elithi "Charcot" livela kudokotela wezinzwa waseFrance owachaza lesi sifo.
Ama-neuron athintwe yisifo sika-Charcot ama-motor neurons (noma ama-motor neurons), anesibopho sokuthumela imininingwane nemiyalelo yokunyakaza esuka ebuchosheni iye emisipheni. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayawohloka kancane kancane abese efa. Khona-ke imisipha yokuzithandela ayisalawulwa ubuchopho noma ishukunyiswe. Zingasebenzi, zigcina zingasebenzi kanye ne-atrophy. Ekuqaleni kwalokhu isifo sezinzwa esiqhubekayo, umuntu othintekile uhlushwa ukufinyela kwemisipha noma ubuthakathaka ezithweni, ezingalweni noma emilenzeni. Abanye banezinkinga zokukhuluma.
Uma sifuna ukwenza umnyakazo, umlayezo kagesi udlula kuyi-motor neuron yokuqala eqala kusukela ebuchosheni iye entanjeni yomgogodla bese iboleka i-neuron yesibili emsipha othintekayo. Esokuqala ama-motor neurons emaphakathi noma ngaphezulu futhi zitholakala ngokunembile ku-cerebral cortex. Eyesibili ama-motor neurons i-peripheral noma ephansi, futhi zitholakala emgogodleni. |
Impumelelo ye upper motor neuron ibonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ngokunciphisa ukunyakaza (i-bradykinesia), ukuncipha kokuxhumana kanye ne-dexterity kanye nokuqina kwemisipha nge-spasticity. Impumelelo ye i-motor neuron ephansi izibonakalisa ikakhulukazi ngobuthakathaka bemisipha, amajaqamba kanye nokuwohloka kwemisipha okuholela ekukhubazekeni.
Isifo sikaCharcot singenza ukugwinya kube nzima futhi kuvimbele abantu ukuthi badle ngendlela efanele. Abantu abagulayo bangabese behlushwa ukungondleki kahle noma bathathe indlela engalungile (= ingozi ehlotshaniswa nokumuncwa okuqinile noma okuwuketshezi ngomgudu wokuphefumula). Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, singathinta imisipha edingekayo ukuphefumula.
Ngemva kweminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, isifo sikaCharcot singadala ukwehluleka ukuphefumula okungaholela ekufeni. Lesi sifo, esihlasela amadoda kancane kancane kunabesifazane (1,5 kuya ku-1) ngokuvamile siqala cishe eminyakeni engu-60 (phakathi kweminyaka engu-40 no-70 ubudala). Izimbangela zayo azaziwa. Esimweni esisodwa kweziyishumi kusolwa imbangela yofuzo. Imvelaphi yokuqala kwalesi sifo cishe incike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, imvelo kanye nofuzo.
Akekho akukho ukwelashwa isifo sikaCharcot. Isidakamizwa, i-riluzole, sinciphisa kancane ukuqhubeka kwesifo, lokhu kuguquka kuyashintshashintsha kakhulu kusuka kumuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye futhi ngisho, esigulini esifanayo, kusukela esikhathini esisodwa kuya kwesinye. Kwezinye, lesi sifo, esingazithinti izinzwa (umbono, ukuthinta, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha), ngezinye izikhathi singazinza. I-ALS idinga ukuqapha okuseduze kakhulu. Ukuphatha kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukukhulula izimpawu zesifo.
Ukusabalala kwalesi sifo
Ngokwenhlangano yocwaningo ngesifo sikaCharcot, izigameko zesifo sikaCharcot zingamacala amasha ayi-1,5 ngonyaka ezakhamuzini eziyikhulu. Kuphakathi kokuthi 1000 amacala amasha ngonyaka eFrance.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaCharcot
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS kusiza ukuhlukanisa lesi sifo kwezinye izifo zemizwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima, ikakhulukazi ngoba akukho umaki othize wesifo egazini futhi ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kwesifo, izimpawu zomtholampilo azicacile kakhulu. Isazi sezinzwa sizobheka ukuqina emisipha noma amajaqamba isibonelo.
Ukuxilongwa kungase kuhlanganise a i-electromyogram, ukuhlolwa okuvumela ukubona ngeso lengqondo umsebenzi kagesi okhona emisipha, i-MRI ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo ubuchopho nomgogodla. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kungase futhi kuyalwe, ikakhulukazi ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izifo ezingase zibe nezimpawu ezivamile ku-ALS.
Ukuvela kwalesi sifo
Ngakho-ke isifo sikaCharcot siqala ngobuthakathaka bemisipha. Ngokuvamile, yizandla nemilenze eqala ukuthinteka. Bese kuba imisipha yolimi, umlomo, bese kuba yileyo yokuphefumula.
Izinkinga zesifo sikaCharcot
Njengoba sekushiwo, izimbangela okwamanje azikaziwa cishe ezimweni eziyisi-9 kweziyi-10 (ama-5 kuye kwayi-10% amacala angofuzo). Izindlela ezimbalwa ezingachaza ukubukeka kwalesi sifo zihlolisisiwe: isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali… Okwamanje ngaphandle kwempumelelo.