I-cavernoma wukonakala kwemithambo ethile yegazi. Icala elivame kakhulu i-cerebral cavernoma, noma i-intracranial cavernoma. Ngokuvamile akubangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu bekhanda, isithuthwane kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Ukuhlinzwa kungase kucatshangelwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Incazelo ye-cavernoma

I-cavernoma, noma i-cavernous angioma, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo okwenzeka ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi. Lesi sakamuva sakhiwe ubuchopho, i-cerebellum kanye ne-brainstem ehamba ngomgogodla uye emgogodleni. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalesi simiso, kuyondliwa ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi eminye yale mithambo yegazi iba nokungajwayelekile. Ziyanda futhi zihlangane ngendlela engavamile ngendlela yemigodi emincane, “imihume” noma ama-cavernomas.

Ngokuqondile, i-cavernoma ibukeka njengebhola lemithambo yegazi emincane. Ukuma kwayo okujwayelekile kungakhumbuza i-raspberry noma i-blackberry. Ubukhulu be-cavernoma bungahluka ukusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa ukuya kumasentimitha ambalwa.

Igama lezokwelapha elithi "cavernoma" livame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-cerebral cavernoma okuyindlela evamile kakhulu. Kukhona ezinye izimo ezimbalwa ezikhethekile ezifana ne-medullary cavernoma eyenzeka emgogodleni, kanye ne-portal cavernoma eyenzeka ngaphandle kwesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi.

Izinkinga ze-cavernoma

Imvelaphi ye-cavernomas ayikaqondwa kahle kuze kube namuhla. Okunye okutholakele kuye kwenziwa eminyakeni yamuva nje. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwenze ukuthi kwenzeke ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cerebral cavernomas:

• uhlobo lomndeni olungaba ngenxa yokuguqulwa kofuzo lwezakhi zofuzo ezintathu (CCM1, CCM2 kanye ne-CCM3), lungamela amacala angama-20% futhi lungabangela ukuba khona kwama-cavernoma amaningana anengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga;
• ifomu elingavamile, noma okungelona elomndeni, elingabonisi umongo womndeni futhi liphumela ku-cavernoma eyodwa ngokuvamile.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Cavernoma

Ukuba khona kwe-cerebral cavernoma kuphawulwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angabe ese-oda i-angiogram ukuze ihlole imithambo yegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imvelaphi yofuzo.

Ukutholakala kwe-cavernoma kuvame ukwenziwa ngengozi ngoba lokhu konakala ngokuvamile akunakwa. Ngamanye amazwi, izimo eziningi ze-cavernomas azitholakali.

Abantu abathintekayo yi-cavernoma

I-cerebral cavernoma ingenzeka kwabesilisa nabesifazane kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, nakuba ibonakala kaningi phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40.

Inani lamacala e-cavernoma kunzima ukulilinganisa, ngenxa yokungabikho kwezimpawu ezimweni eziningi. Ngokwezifundo ezimbalwa, i-cerebral cavernomas ithinta cishe i-0,5% yabantu abaningi. Zimelela phakathi kuka-5% no-10% wokukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho.

Ezimweni ezingu-90%, azikho izimpawu ezibonwayo. I-cavernoma ngokuvamile ayibonwa impilo yonke. Kutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Kwezinye izimo, i-cerebral cavernoma ingazibonakalisa ikakhulukazi:

• isithuthwane, okungenzeka kube phakathi kuka-40 no-70%;
• ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa okungenzeka phakathi kuka-35 no-50%, okungaba ikakhulukazi isiyezi, ukubona kabili, ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuzwela;
• ubuhlungu bekhanda obungase bube ngu-10-30%;
• ezinye izibonakaliso ezifana nokubonakala kwamabala abomvu esikhumbeni.

Ukopha kuyingozi enkulu ye-cavernoma. Isikhathi esiningi, ukopha kungaphakathi kwe-cavernoma. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ngaphandle kwe-cavernoma futhi kubangele ukopha kobuchopho.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Uma kungekho zimpawu ezitholakalayo futhi kungekho bungozi bezinkinga ezihlonziwe, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuphela ezithathwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema ukushaqeka ekhanda kanye nokwenza kahle ukujikeleza kwegazi. Imithi enciphisa igazi ingase inqunywe.

Imithi yokwelapha enezimpawu

Uma kunezimpawu, kungase kunikezwe ukwelashwa ukuze kuqedwe. Ngokwesibonelo :

• ukwelashwa kwe-anti-epileptic uma kwenzeka ubanjwe;
• amaphilisi ezinhlungu zekhanda.

Neurosurgery

Isixazululo kuphela sokuqeda i-cavernoma ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungenelela okukhulu kokuhlinzwa kubhekwa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Imisakazo

Le ndlela ye-radiotherapy ingacatshangelwa ama-cavernomas amancane kakhulu kanye / noma angasebenzi. Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-beam of radiation ekuqondeni kwe-cavernoma.

Imvelaphi ye-cavernomas ayikaqondwa kahle. Amacala amaningi kuthiwa anemvelaphi yofuzo. Eqinisweni, azikho izindlela zokuvimbela ezazingasungulwa.