Okuqukethwe
Siyini isifo sokuwa?
Isithuthwane yisifo esivamile se-neuropsychiatric esinesimo esicashile esingamahlalakhona sesifundo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuvela kwesithuthwane kungazelelwe kuvamile kulesi sifo. Zibangelwa ukubukeka kwe-foci eminingi ye-excitation ezenzakalelayo (ukukhishwa kwenzwa) ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho.
Ngokomtholampilo, ukuquleka okunjalo kubonakala ngokuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kwezinzwa, motor, ingqondo kanye nemisebenzi yokuzimela.
Ukuvama kokutholwa kwalesi sifo kuyisilinganiso esingu-8-11% (ukuhlasela okujwayelekile okunwetshiwe) phakathi kwabantu abaningi banoma yiliphi izwe, kungakhathaliseki indawo yezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Eqinisweni, wonke umuntu we-12 ngezinye izikhathi uba nezimpawu ezincane zesithuthwane.
Iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi isifo sokuwa aselapheki, futhi siwuhlobo “lwesijeziso saphezulu.” Kodwa imithi yesimanje iwuphikisa ngokuphelele umbono onjalo. Izidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic zisiza ukucindezela lesi sifo ku-63% yeziguli, futhi ku-18% ukunciphisa kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kwaso emtholampilo.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zesikhathi eside, ezivamile nezihlala unomphela ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.
Izimbangela zesithuthwane zihlukile, i-WHO yazihlanganisa ngamaqembu alandelayo:
Idiopathic - lezi yizimo lapho lesi sifo sitholwa njengefa, ngokuvamile ngezizukulwane eziningi. Ngokwemvelo, ubuchopho awonakali, kodwa kukhona ukusabela okuthile kwama-neurons. Leli fomu alihambisani, futhi ukudlidliza kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo;
I-Symptomatic - kukhona njalo isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-foci ye-pathological impulses. Lokhu kungase kube imiphumela yokuhlukumezeka, ukudakwa, izimila noma ama-cysts, ukukhubazeka, njll. Lokhu kuyindlela "engalindelekile" kakhulu yesithuthwane, njengoba ukuhlasela kungabangelwa ukucasuka okuncane, njengokwesaba, ukukhathala noma ukushisa;
I-Cryptogenic - akunakwenzeka ukusungula ngokunembile imbangela yangempela yokuvela kwe-uncharacteristic (engakabi isikhathi) i-impulse foci.
Kwenzeka nini isithuthwane?
Ukuthunjwa ezimweni eziningi kubonakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinokushisa komzimba okuphezulu. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo umuntu uzoba nesifo sokuwa. Lesi sifo singakhula kunoma ubani futhi kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Nokho, kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwezingane kanye nentsha.
U-75% wabantu abanesifo sokuwa abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Ngokuqondene nabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulimala noma unhlangothi ngokuvamile ziyimbangela. Iqembu lezingozi - abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha ubudala.
Izimpawu zesithuthwane
Izimpawu zokuquleka kwesithuthwane zingahluka kuye ngesiguli. Okokuqala, izimpawu zincike kulezo zindawo zobuchopho lapho ukukhishwa kwe-pathological kwenzeka futhi kusakazeka. Kulokhu, izimpawu zizohlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nemisebenzi yezingxenye ezithintekayo zobuchopho. Kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza, ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, ukwanda noma ukuncipha kwethoni yemisipha, ukungasebenzi kwezinqubo zengqondo, kokubili ngokuhlukaniswa kanye nezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene.
Ubukhulu nesethi yezimpawu kuzophinde kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile lwesithuthwane.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Jacksonian
Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuquleka kukaJacksonian, ukucasuka kwe-pathological kuhlanganisa indawo ethile yobuchopho, ngaphandle kokusakazeka komakhelwane, ngakho-ke ukubonakaliswa kukhathaza amaqembu emisipha achazwe ngokuqinile. Imvamisa iziyaluyalu ze-psychomotor zihlala isikhathi esifushane, umuntu uyazi, kepha ubonakala ngokudideka nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nabanye. Isiguli asikwazi ukungasebenzi kahle futhi siyenqaba imizamo yokusiza. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, isimo sesivamile ngokuphelele.
Ukudidizela noma ukuba ndikindiki kuqala esandleni, onyaweni, noma emlenzeni ongezansi, kodwa kungasakazekela kuwo wonke uhhafu womzimba noma kube ukuquleka okukhulu. Esimweni sokugcina, bakhuluma ngokubanjwa okwesibili okujwayelekile.
I-grand mal seizure iqukethe izigaba ezilandelanayo:
Abandulelayo - amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlasela, isiguli sibanjwe yisimo esesabekayo, esibonakala ngokwanda kwenjabulo yezinzwa. Ukugxila komsebenzi we-pathological ebuchosheni kuyakhula kancane kancane, kuhlanganisa yonke iminyango emisha;
i-tonic convulsions - yonke imisipha iqina ngokuqinile, ikhanda liphonsa emuva, isiguli siyawa, sishaya phansi, umzimba waso ugobile futhi ubanjwe kule ndawo. Ubuso buphenduka luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokuma kokuphefumula. Isigaba sifushane, cishe imizuzwana engu-30, kuyaqabukela - kufika kumzuzu;
I-Clonic convulsions - yonke imisipha yomzimba ifinyela ngokushesha ngesigqi. Ukwanda kwamathe, okubukeka njengegwebu eliphuma emlonyeni. Ubude besikhathi - kufika kumaminithi angu-5, emva kwalokho ukuphefumula kubuyiselwa kancane kancane, i-cyanosis iyanyamalala ebusweni;
Stupor - ekugxilweni komsebenzi kagesi we-pathological, ukuvimbela okunamandla kuqala, yonke imisipha yesiguli iphumule, ukukhishwa komchamo kanye nendle kungenzeka. Isiguli silahlekelwa ukwazi, i-reflexes ayikho. Isigaba sithatha imizuzu engama-30;
Dream.
Ngemva kokuvusa isiguli ezinye izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuthakathaka, nokuphazamiseka kwezimoto kungahlukumeza.
Ukuhlasela okuncane
Ukuhlasela okuncane kuqhubeka kancane ngokugqama. Kungase kube nochungechunge lwama-twitches emisipha yobuso, ukwehla okubukhali kwethoni yemisipha (ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uyawa) noma, ngokuphambene, ukungezwani kuyo yonke imisipha lapho isiguli siqhwa endaweni ethile. Ukuqaphela kuyalondolozwa. Mhlawumbe "ukungabikho" kwesikhashana - ukungabikho. Isiguli siba yiqhwa imizuzwana embalwa, singase sikhiphe amehlo. Ngemva kokuhlaselwa, akakhumbuli ukuthi kwenzekeni. Ukuquleka okuncane kuvame ukuqala eminyakeni yasenkulisa.
Isimo isithuthwane
I-Status epilepticus uchungechunge lokuquleka olulandelanayo. Ezinkathini phakathi kwabo, isiguli asibuyiseli ukuqonda, sinciphise ithoni yemisipha kanye nokuntuleka kwe-reflexes. Abafundi bakhe bangase bavuleke, bancishwe noma babe nosayizi abahlukene, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyashesha noma kunzima ukukuzwa. Lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, njengoba kubonakala ngokukhula kwe-hypoxia yobuchopho kanye ne-edema yayo. Ukuntuleka kokungenelela kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi kuholela emiphumeleni engenakuhlehliswa kanye nokufa.
Zonke izithuthwane ziqala kungazelelwe futhi ziphela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Izimbangela zesithuthwane
Asikho isizathu esisodwa esivamile sesifo sokuwa esingachaza ukwenzeka kwaso. Isifo sokuwa asisona isifo esiwufuzo ngomqondo ongokoqobo, kodwa namanje emindenini ethile lapho esinye sezihlobo siphethwe yilesi sifo, amathuba okuba lesi sifo aphakeme. Cishe u-40% weziguli ezinesifo sokuwa zinezihlobo eziseduze ezinalesi sifo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuquleka kwesithuthwane. Ubunzima babo buhlukile. Ukuhlasela lapho ingxenye yobuchopho eyodwa kuphela enecala kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlasela okuyingxenye noma okugxile. Uma ubuchopho bonke buthinteka, khona-ke ukuhlasela okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi jikelele. Kukhona ukuhlaselwa okuxubile: kuqala ngengxenye eyodwa yobuchopho, kamuva bavala isitho sonke.
Ngeshwa, emacaleni angamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini, imbangela yalesi sifo ayicacile.
Izimbangela ezilandelayo zesifo zivame ukutholakala: ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, unhlangothi, izimila zobuchopho, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nokunikezwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo sobuchopho (ukukhubazeka), i-meningitis, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ne-parasitic, ithumba ebuchosheni.
Ingabe isifo sokuwa siwufuzo?
Ngokungangabazeki, ukutholakala kwezicubu zobuchopho kumadlozi kuholela emathubeni aphezulu okudluliselwa kwayo yonke inkimbinkimbi yesifo enzalweni - lokhu kuhambisana nokuhluka kwe-idiopathic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona i-genetic predisposition of CNS cells to hyperreactivity, isithuthwane sinethuba elikhulu lokubonakala enzalweni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona inketho ezimbili - i-symptomatic. Isici esinqumayo lapha ukushuba kokudluliswa kofuzo kwesakhiwo semvelo sama-neurons obuchopho (indawo yokuthakasela) kanye nokumelana kwawo namathonya angokwenyama. Isibonelo, uma umuntu onofuzo olujwayelekile engakwazi "ukumelana" nohlobo oluthile lokushaywa ekhanda, khona-ke omunye, onokwemvelo, uzosabela kukho ngokubanjwa okujwayelekile kwesithuthwane.
Ngokuqondene nefomu le-cryptogenic, lifundwa kancane, futhi izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwayo aziqondi kahle.
Ngingakwazi ukuphuza nginesifo sokuwa?
Impendulo ecacile ithi cha! Ngesithuthwane, noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukuphuza utshwala, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngesiqinisekiso esingu-77%, ungavusa ukuquleka okujwayelekile, okungaba okokugcina empilweni yakho!
Isifo sokuwa yisifo esibi kakhulu sezinzwa! Ngokulandela zonke izincomo kanye nendlela yokuphila “elungile,” abantu bangaphila ngokuthula. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwesimiso somuthi noma ukunganakwa kokuvinjelwa (utshwala, izidakamizwa), kungase kucasulwe isimo esingasongela impilo ngokuqondile!
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo?
Ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo, udokotela uhlola i-anamnesis yesiguli ngokwakhe, kanye nezihlobo zakhe. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile. Udokotela wenza umsebenzi omningi ngaphambi kwalokhu: uhlola izimpawu, imvamisa yokubamba, ukuthunjwa kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe - lokhu kusiza ukucacisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, ngoba umuntu oye waba nesithuthwane akakhumbuli lutho. Esikhathini esizayo, yenza i-electroencephalography. Inqubo ayibangeli buhlungu - iwukurekhoda komsebenzi wobuchopho bakho. Amasu afana ne-computed tomography, i-positron emission kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging angasetshenziswa.
Yini isibikezelo?
Uma isithuthwane siphathwa kahle, khona-ke kumaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili amacala abantu abanalesi sifo baphila ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa futhi ngaphandle kwemingcele emsebenzini.
Abantu abaningi kufanele baphuze imishanguzo ye-antiepileptic impilo yabo yonke ukuze bagweme ukuquleka. Ezimweni ezingavamile, udokotela angase ayeke ukuphuza imithi uma umuntu engakaze abe nokuquleka iminyaka eminingana. Isifo sokuwa siyingozi ngoba izimo ezinjengokuminwa (okungenzeka uma umuntu ewela phansi ngomcamelo, njll.) noma ukuwa kubangela ukulimala noma ukufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaselwa yisifo sokuwa kungase kwenzeke ngokulandelana isikhathi esifushane, okungaholela ekuboshweni kokuphefumula.
Ngokuqondene nokuquleka okujwayelekile kwe-tonic-clonic, kungabulala. Abantu ababhekana nalokhu kuhlaselwa badinga ukugadwa njalo, okungenani okuvela ezihlotsheni.
Imiphi imiphumela?
Iziguli ezinesifo sokuwa ngokuvamile zithola ukuthi ukuquleka kwazo kuyabethusa abanye abantu. Izingane zingase zihlupheke ngenxa yokugwenywa izingane ezifunda nazo. Futhi, izingane ezincane ezinesifo esinjalo ngeke zikwazi ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni yezemidlalo nemincintiswano. Naphezu kokukhethwa okulungile kokwelashwa kwe-antiepileptic, ukuziphatha okungavamile kanye nobunzima bokufunda kungase kwenzeke.
Umuntu kungase kudingeke avinjelwe kwezinye izinto - isibonelo, ukushayela imoto. Abantu abagula kakhulu benesifo sokuwa kufanele baqaphe isimo sabo sengqondo, esingehlukani nalesi sifo.
Indlela yokwelapha isifo sokuwa?
Naphezu kobunzima nengozi yalesi sifo, ngokuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, isithuthwane siyelapheka engxenyeni yamacala. Ukuxolelwa okuzinzile kungafinyelelwa ezigulini ezingaba ngu-80%. Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa okokuqala, futhi inkambo yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa yenziwa ngokushesha, khona-ke ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zeziguli ezinesifo sokuwa, ukuquleka akuphinde kwenzeke phakathi nokuphila kwabo, noma kufiphale okungenani iminyaka eminingana.
Ukwelashwa kwesithuthwane, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesifo, ifomu, izimpawu kanye neminyaka yesiguli, kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlinzwa noma yokulondoloza. Imvamisa baphendukela kulokhu kokugcina, njengoba ukuphuza imishanguzo ye-antiepileptic kunikeza umphumela omuhle ozinzile cishe kuma-90% eziguli.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kwesifo sokuwa kuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:
Ukuxilonga okuhlukile - ikuvumela ukuthi unqume uhlobo lwesifo kanye nohlobo lokuquleka ukuze ukhethe umuthi ofanele;
Ukusungula izimbangela - ohlotsheni olunezimpawu (oluvame kakhulu) lwesithuthwane, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobuchopho kuyadingeka ukuze kube khona ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo: ama-aneurysms, ama-benign noma ama-neoplasms ayingozi;
Ukuvimbela Ukubanjwa - kuyinto efiselekayo ukungazibandakanyi ngokuphelele izici eziyingozi: ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokulala, ukucindezeleka, i-hypothermia, ukuphuza utshwala;
Ukukhululwa kwesimo se-epilepticus noma ukuquleka okukodwa - kwenziwa ngokuhlinzeka ngosizo oluphuthumayo kanye nokuchaza umuthi owodwa oqeda ukudlikizela noma iqoqo lemithi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa indawo eseduze mayelana nokuxilongwa kanye nokuziphatha okufanele ngesikhathi sokuquleka, ukuze abantu bazi ukuthi bangasivikela kanjani isiguli esinesifo sokuwa ekulimaleni ngesikhathi sokuwa nokudlikizela, ukuvimbela ukucwila nokuluma ulimi nokuyeka ukuphefumula.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokuwa
Ukuphuza njalo imithi enqunyiwe kukuvumela ukuba uthembele ngokuzethemba empilweni ethule ngaphandle kokuquleka. Isimo lapho isiguli siqala ukuphuza imithi kuphela lapho kuvela i-epileptic aura akwamukeleki. Uma amaphilisi athathwe ngesikhathi, ama-harbinger okuhlasela okuzayo, cishe, ayengeke avele.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuqinile kwesithuthwane, isiguli kufanele sihambisane nemithetho elandelayo:
Qaphela ngokucophelela isimiso sokuthatha izidakamizwa futhi ungashintshi umthamo;
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele unikeze eminye imithi ngokwakho ngezeluleko zabangane noma usokhemisi wekhemisi;
Uma kunesidingo sokushintshela ku-analogue yomuthi onqunyiwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo kunethiwekhi yekhemisi noma intengo ephezulu kakhulu, yazisa udokotela okhona futhi uthole iseluleko ngokukhetha indawo efanelekile;
Ungayeki ukwelashwa lapho ufinyelela amandla ezinzile ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho wezinzwa;
Yazisa udokotela ngesikhathi sazo zonke izimpawu ezingavamile, izinguquko ezinhle noma ezimbi esimweni, isimo sengqondo kanye nenhlalakahle evamile.
Iziguli ezingaphezu kwesigamu ngemva kokuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokunikezwa kwesidakamizwa esisodwa se-antiepileptic siphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa, sinamathela njalo ku-monotherapy ekhethiwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-neuropathologist ukukhetha umthamo ophelele. Qala ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zesithuthwane ngemithamo emincane, kuyilapho isimo sesiguli siqashwe ngokucophelela. Uma ukuquleka kungeke kumiswe ngokushesha, umthamo ukhuphuka kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho ukukhululwa okuzinzile kwenzeka.
Iziguli ezinesifo sokuwa ngokwengxenye zinqunywa amaqembu alandelayo ezidakamizwa:
I-Carboxamide I-Carbamazepine (ama-ruble angama-40 ngephakeji lamaphilisi angama-50), i-Finlepsin (ama-ruble angama-260 ngephakeji lamaphilisi angama-50), i-Actinerval, iTimonil, iZeptol, iKarbasan, iTargetol (ama-ruble angama-300-400 iphakethe lamaphilisi angama-50);
I-Valproates I-Depakin Chrono (ama-ruble angama-580 iphakethe ngalinye lamaphilisi angama-30), i-Enkorat Chrono (ama-ruble angama-130 ngephakethe lamaphilisi angama-30), iKonvuleks (ngamathonsi - ama-ruble ayi-180, isiraphu - ama-ruble ayi-130), iConvulex Retard (ama-ruble angama-300-600 iphakethe ngalinye amaphilisi angu-30 -60), i-Valparin Retard (ama-ruble angu-380-600-900 iphakethe ngalinye lamaphilisi angu-30-50-100);
Ama-Phenytoins I-Difenin (ama-ruble angama-40-50 iphakethe ngalinye lamaphilisi angama-20);
Phenobarbital Ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya - ama-ruble ayi-10-20 iphakethe ngalinye lamaphilisi angama-20, i-analogue yangaphandle Luminal - ama-ruble angama-5000-6500.
Imithi yomugqa wokuqala ekwelapheni isithuthwane ihlanganisa ama-valproates nama-carboxamides, anikeza umphumela omuhle wokwelapha futhi abangele ubuncane bemiphumela emibi. Isiguli sinqunyelwe i-600-1200 mg ye-Carbamazepine noma i-1000-2500 mg ye-Depakine ngosuku, kuye ngobunzima besifo. Umthamo uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emi-2-3 phakathi nosuku.
Izidakamizwa ze-Phenobarbital ne-phenytoin zibhekwa njengezingasebenzi namuhla, zinikeza imiphumela eminingi eyingozi, icindezele isimiso sezinzwa futhi ingaba umlutha, ngakho-ke izazi ze-neuropathologists zanamuhla ziyenqaba.
Okusebenziseka kalula yizinhlobo ezinde ze-valproates (i-Depakin Chrono, i-Encorat Chrono) ne-carboxamides (i-Finlepsin Retard, i-Targetol PC). Kwanele ukuthatha le mithi izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuquleka, isithuthwane selashwa ngemithi elandelayo:
Ukuquleka okujwayelekile - inkimbinkimbi ye-valproates ene-Carbamazepine;
Ifomu le-idiopathic - ama-valproates;
Izimo - Ethosuximide;
I-Myoclonic seizures - i-valproate, i-phenytoin ne-carbamazepine kuphela ayinawo umphumela.
Izindlela ezintsha zakamuva phakathi kwezidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic - izidakamizwa i-Tiagabine ne-Lamotrigine - zizibonakalise ngokusebenza, ngakho-ke uma udokotela encoma futhi izimali zivumela, kungcono ukuzikhethela.
Ukuyekiswa kokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kungase kucatshangelwe ngemva kweminyaka okungenani emihlanu yokuxolelwa okuzinzile. Ukwelashwa kwesithuthwane kuqedwa ngokunciphisa kancane kancane umthamo womuthi kuze kube ukwehluleka okuphelele phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukususwa kwesimo se-epilepticus
Uma isiguli sisesimweni sokuwa (ukuhlasela kuthatha amahora amaningi noma ngisho nezinsuku), sijova ngomjovo nganoma yimiphi imithi yeqembu le-sibazon (Diazepam, Seduxen) ngomthamo we-10 mg nge-20 ml ye-glucose. isisombululo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10-15, ungaphinda umjovo uma isimo se-epilepticus siqhubeka.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-Sibazon nama-analogues ayo ayisebenzi, bese iphendukela ku-Phenytoin, Gaxenal noma i-sodium thiopental. Isixazululo esingu-1-5% esiqukethe i-1 g yomuthi siphathwa nge-intravenously, senza ikhefu lemizuzu emithathu ngemva kwe-5-10 ml ngayinye ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okubulalayo kwe-hemodynamics kanye / noma ukuboshwa kokuphefumula.
Uma ingekho imijovo esiza ukukhipha isiguli esimweni sokuwa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isixazululo esihogeliwe somoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen (1: 2), kodwa le nqubo ayisebenzi uma kwenzeka kuba nokuphefumula, ukuwa noma i-coma. .
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwesithuthwane
Endabeni yesifo sokuwa esinezimpawu ezibangelwa i-aneurysm, ithumba, noma isimila ebuchosheni, odokotela kufanele basebenzise ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe imbangela yokuquleka. Lena imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, evame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, ukuze isiguli sihlale siqaphela, futhi ngokusho kwesimo saso, kungenzeka ukulawula ubuqotho bezifunda zobuchopho ezibhekene nemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu: motor, inkulumo, kanye ezibonakalayo.
Okubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwesikhashana lwesithuthwane nakho kuyasiza ekwelashweni kokuhlinzwa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo angase akhiphe kabusha i-lobe yesikhashana yobuchopho, noma asuse kuphela i-amygdala kanye/noma i-hippocampus. Izinga lokuphumelela lokungenelela okunjalo liphezulu kakhulu - kufika ku-90%.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, okungukuthi, izingane ezine-hemiplegia yokuzalwa (ukungathuthuki kahle kwesinye se-hemispheres yobuchopho), i-hemispherectomy yenziwa, okungukuthi, i-hemisphere enesifo isuswa ngokuphelele ukuze kuvinjwe i-pathologies yomhlaba wonke yesimiso sezinzwa, kuhlanganise nesifo sokuwa. Ukubikezelwa kwekusasa labantwana abanjalo kuhle, ngoba amandla obuchopho bomuntu makhulu, futhi i-hemisphere eyodwa yanele ukuphila okugcwele nokucabanga okucacile.
Ngohlobo lwesithuthwane olutholwe ekuqaleni, ukusebenza kwe-callosotomy (ukusika i-corpus callosum, ehlinzeka ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-hemispheres amabili obuchopho), kuphumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kungenelela kuvimbela ukuphindeka kwesifo sokuwa ezigulini ezingaba ngu-80%.
Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo
Ungamsiza kanjani umuntu ogulayo uma ehlaselwa? Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ewa ngokuzumayo futhi eqala ukugubha izingalo nemilenze yakhe ngokungaqondakali, ephonsa ikhanda lakhe emuva, bheka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abafundi bahlanjululwe. Lesi yisifo sokuwa.
Okokuqala, suka kumuntu zonke izinto angaziwisa kuye ngesikhathi sokuquleka. Bese uyiphendulela eceleni bese ubeka okuthile okuthambile ngaphansi kwekhanda ukuvikela ukulimala. Uma umuntu ehlanza, vula ikhanda lakhe ohlangothini, kulokhu, lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukungena kokuhlanza emgudwini wokuphefumula.
Ngesikhathi sokuquleka, ungazami ukuphuza isiguli futhi ungazami ukumbamba ngenkani. Amandla akho awanele. Cela abanye ukuthi babize udokotela.
Okokuqala, suka kumuntu zonke izinto angaziwisa kuye ngesikhathi sokuquleka. Bese uyiphendulela eceleni bese ubeka okuthile okuthambile ngaphansi kwekhanda ukuvikela ukulimala. Uma umuntu ehlanza, vula ikhanda lakhe ohlangothini, kulokhu, lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuhlanza ukuba kungangeni emgudwini wokuphefumula.
Ngesikhathi sokuquleka, ungazami ukuphuza isiguli futhi ungazami ukumbamba ngenkani. Amandla akho awanele. Cela abanye ukuthi babize udokotela.