I-venous catheter iyisisetshenziswa sezokwelapha esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wesibhedlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-peripheral noma emaphakathi, ivumela ukwelashwa ngomthambo ukuthi kunikezwe futhi kuthathwe amasampula egazi.

I-catheter, noma i-KT ku-jargon yezokwelapha, iyisisetshenziswa sezokwelapha esisesimweni seshubhu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo. Ifakwe emzileni we-venous, ivumela ukwelashwa ngomthambo ukuthi kunikezwe futhi igazi lithathwe ukuze lihlolwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukujova njalo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-catheter:

I-peripheral venous catheter (CVP)

Ivumela ukufakwa komzila we-venous we-peripheral (VVP). Ifakwa emithanjeni engaphezulu yesitho, okungavamile kakhulu ku-cranium ye-cranium. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-catheter, igeji ehlukene, ubude nokugeleza, ezibonakala kalula ngamakhodi ombala ukuze kugwenywe noma yimaphi amaphutha. Udokotela (umhlengikazi noma udokotela) ukhetha i-catheter ngokusho kwesiguli, indawo yokufakelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa (ezimeni eziphuthumayo zokumpontshelwa igazi, ekufakweni kwamanje, ezinganeni, njll.).

I-central venous catheter (CVC)

Futhi ebizwa ngokuthi umugqa we-venous ophakathi noma umugqa omaphakathi, iyithuluzi elisindayo. Ifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu wethorax noma entanyeni bese iholela ku-vena cava ephakeme. I-catheter ye-venous ephakathi nayo ingafakwa ngokubona kwe-peripheral (CCIP): bese ifakwa emithanjeni enkulu bese ishelela kulo mthambo iye engxenyeni engenhla ye-atrium engakwesokudla yenhliziyo. Ama-CVC ahlukene akhona: i-picc-line ebekwe emthanjeni ojulile wengalo, i-catheter emaphakathi emhubhe, i- catheter yasekamelweni elifakelwayo (idivayisi evumela umzila we-venous unomphela ophakathi kwemithi yesikhathi eside yomjovo efana ne-chemotherapy).

Ukufakwa kwe-peripheral venous catheter kwenziwa ekamelweni lasesibhedlela noma ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo, abasebenzi abahlengikazi noma udokotela. Umuthi obulala izinzwa unganikezwa endaweni, ngencwadi kadokotela, okungenani ihora elingu-1 ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ngemva kokubulala amagciwane ezandleni zakhe nokwenza i-antisepsis yesikhumba, udokotela ubeka i-garot, wethula i-catheter emthanjeni, kancane kancane ahoxise i-mandrel (idivayisi ehlanganisa inaliti) ngenkathi eqhubekisela phambili i-catheter emthanjeni, ehoxisa i-garot bese exhuma umugqa wokumnika. Ukugqoka okusobala okungavunyeleki okungavuzwa kubekwe phezu kwendawo yokufaka.

Ukufakwa kwe-catheter ye-venous ephakathi kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ekamelweni lokusebenza. Ukufakwa kwe-catheter ye-venous ephakathi ngomzila we-peripheral nakho kwenziwa ekamelweni lokuhlinza, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo.

Inqubo ebalulekile endaweni yesibhedlela, ukubekwa kwe-catheter kuvumela:

• sebenzisa umuthi ngomjovo;
• sebenzisa i-chemotherapy;
• sebenzisa uketshezi lwe-intravenous kanye / noma umsoco wabazali (izakhamzimba);
• ukuthatha isampula yegazi.

Ngakho-ke i-catheter isetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi: ekamelweni eliphuthumayo lokumpontshelwa igazi, uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngemithi elwa namagciwane, uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ekwelapheni umdlavuza nge-chemotherapy, ngesikhathi sokubeletha (ukuphatha. i-oxytocin), njll.

Ingozi enkulu ingozi yokutheleleka, yingakho izimo ze-aspestial eziqinile kufanele zibhekwe lapho ubeka i-catheter. Uma isifakiwe, i-catheter ibhekwa ngokucophelela ukuze kutholwe noma yiluphi uphawu lokutheleleka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.