Okuqukethwe
I-Cancer (ukubuka konke)
Le umdlavuza yisifo esesabekayo, esivame ukubonwa “njengesifo esibi kakhulu”. Yimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, eCanada naseFrance. Bayanda abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza kulezi zinsuku, kodwa ngenhlanhla abaningi bayalulama kuwo. |
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zomdlavuza, noma isimila esiyingozi, okungase kufakwe ezicutshini nasezithweni ezahlukene.
Kubantu abane umdlavuza, amanye amangqamuzana aphindaphindeka ngendlela eyihaba nengalawuleki. Izakhi zofuzo zala mangqamuzana angalawuleki ziye zashintsha, noma zashintsha. Kwesinye isikhathi i- amangqamuzana omdlavuza zihlasele izicubu ezizungezile, noma zihlukane nesimila sokuqala bese zithuthela kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Yizo lezo” ama-metastases ".
Imidlavuza eminingi ithatha iminyaka eminingana ukwakha. Zingavela kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa zivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu.
esasizizwa. izimila ezinobungozi azinawo umdlavuza: cishe azikwazi ukubhubhisa izicubu eziseduze futhi zisakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Kodwa-ke, bangacindezela isitho noma izicubu.
Izimbangela
Umzimba une-panoply yeAmathuluzi ukulungisa “amaphutha” ezakhi zofuzo noma ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele amaseli angaba nomdlavuza. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi lawa mathuluzi awasebenzi ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye.
Izici eziningana zingasheshisa noma zibangele ukuvela komdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkolelo yokuthi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba yisethi yezinto eziyingozi eziholela kumdlavuza. THE'age kuyisici esibalulekile. Kodwa manje sekwamukelwe ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamacala omdlavuza abangelwa yiwo imikhuba yokuphila, ikakhulukazi ukubhema kanyeukudla. Ukuchayeka kuma-carcinogens akhona ku-imvelo (ukungcoliswa komoya, izinto ezinobuthi eziphathwayo emsebenzini, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll.) nakho kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Ekugcineni, i izici zofuzo kungaba necala ku-5% kuya ku-15% wamacala.
Izibalo
- Cishe ama-45% abantu baseCanada kanye no-40% wabesifazane baseCanada bazoba nomdlavuza empilweni yabo82.
- NgokweNational Cancer Institute, ngo-2011, kwase kunamacala amasha angama-365 omdlavuza eFrance. Ngawo lowo nyaka, inani labantu ababulawa umdlavuza lalingama-500.
- Oyedwa kwabane baseCanada uzobulawa ngumdlavuza, kungakhathalekile ubulili. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ubhekene nokufa okungaphezulu kwekota komdlavuza.
- Kunamacala amaningi omdlavuza atholakala kunakuqala, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuguga kwabantu futhi ngoba kutholakala kakhulu
Umdlavuza emhlabeni jikelele Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu ziyahlukahluka ngokwezifunda nezifunda zomhlaba. Ku Asia, i-cancer yesisu, i-esophagus nesibindi ivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukudla kwabakhileyo kuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yokudla okunosawoti omningi, okubhemayo nokudla okunamanzi. Ku I-Afrika engaphansi kwe-Sahara, umdlavuza wesibindi nomlomo wesibeletho uvame kakhulu ngenxa ye-hepatitis ne-human papillomavirus (HPV). Ku i-America esenyakatho kanye naku Europe, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kapopo, owebele nowendlala yesinye yiwo avame kakhulu, phakathi kwezinye izinto ngenxa yokubhema, imikhuba emibi yokudla nokukhuluphala. Ngo Japan, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu, okuye kwanda kancane kancane eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, kuye kwandise isibalo somdlavuza wekoloni izikhathi ezingu-73. Abokufika ngokuvamile bagcina benokugula okufanayo nokwabantu bezwe abasuke belibambile3,4. |
Izinga lokusinda
Akekho udokotela ongabikezela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umdlavuza uzothuthuka kanjani noma kanjani amathuba okusinda kumuntu othize. Izibalo zamazinga okusinda zinikeza umbono wokuthi lesi sifo siqhubeka kanjani eqenjini elikhulu labantu.
Ingxenye enkulu yeziguli ilulama ngokuphelele kumdlavuza. Ngokocwaningo olukhulu olwenziwa eFrance, isiguli esingaphezu kwesisodwa kwezi-1 sisaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu sixilongwa.1.
Le isilinganiso sokwelapha kuncike ezintweni eziningi: uhlobo lomdlavuza (ukubikezelwa kuhle kakhulu esimweni somdlavuza wegilo, kodwa kuncane kakhulu esimweni somdlavuza we-pancreatic), izinga lomdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, ukonakala kwamangqamuzana, ukutholakala yokwelashwa okusebenzayo, njll.
Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokunquma ubunzima bomdlavuza yi Ukuhlelwa kwe-TNM (I-Tumor, Node, Metastase), ye-"tumor", "ganglion" kanye "ne-metastasis".
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Uvela kanjani umdlavuza
Ngokuvamile umdlavuza uthatha iminyaka eminingana ukuba wakheke, okungenani kubantu abadala. Siyahlukanisa Izinyathelo ze-33 :
- Kuzosheshiswa. Izakhi zofuzo zeseli zonakele; lokhu kwenzeka njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-carcinogens entuthwini kagwayi angabangela umonakalo onjalo. Isikhathi esiningi, iseli lilungisa iphutha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma iphutha lingenakulungiseka, iseli liyafa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-apoptosis noma "ukuzibulala" kwamaselula. Lapho ukulungiswa noma ukubhujiswa kweseli kungenzeki, iseli lihlala lilimele bese lidlulela esigabeni esilandelayo.
- Sale. Izici zangaphandle zizogqugquzela noma ngeke zikhuthaze ukwakheka kwengqamuzana lomdlavuza. Lokhu kungaba imikhuba yokuphila, njengokubhema, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, ukudla okungenamsoco, njll.
- inchubekelembili. Amaseli ayanda futhi amafomu isimila. Kwezinye izimo, zingahlasela ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Esigabeni sokukhula, isimila siqala ukudala izimpawu: ukopha, ukukhathala, njll.
Izici zeseli lomdlavuza
Izinguquko ezenzeka ezakhini zofuzo zengqamuzana lapho iba nomdlavuza zidlulela kumaseli enzalo yawo. |
Imidlavuza ehlukene
Uhlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza lunezici zalo nezici zobungozi. Sicela ubheke amashidi alandelayo ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngale midlavuza.
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- I-Cancer eqondile
- Umdlavuza we-Endometrial (umzimba wesibeletho)
- Umdlavuza wesisu
- Umdlavuza wesibindi
– Umdlavuza womphimbo
– Umdlavuza womminzo
- Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
– Umdlavuza wesikhumba
– Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye
- Umdlavuza webele
– Umdlavuza wamasende
– Umdlavuza we-thyroid
– Umdlavuza wesinye
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
– Isifo sikaHodgkin