Umdlavuza we-sigmoid colon

Umdlavuza we-colon Sigmoid ungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa ezimweni ezingu-60% zitholakala ezigulini esezikhulile cishe ezineminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Kulokhu, amadoda avame ukuthinteka.

Ikholoni ye-sigmoid itholakala ngaphezu kwe-rectum ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesisu. Inomumo we-S. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi i-bolus yokudla, ehamba emathunjini, ihlala kule ndawo isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokuchayeka kwemikhiqizo yokucubungula ukudla ku-organ mucosa siyakhula. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Uyini umdlavuza we-colon sigmoid

Umdlavuza we-colon Sigmoid yisifo se-oncological. Ezimweni ezingu-95%, uhlobo lwe-neoplasm etholakele i-adenocarcinoma. Isimila ngokuvamile sakha ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamathumbu - i-mucosa.

Ngokwezibalo, ngokuvamile lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lutholakala kakade ezigabeni zokugcina. Lesi sifo kunzima ukusibona ezigabeni zokuqala, ngokuvamile asizizwa nhlobo. Kubalulekile ukunaka ngangokunokwenzeka kuzo zonke izimpawu ezisolisayo, ngoba ezigabeni zokugcina zomdlavuza we-colon sigmoid awulapheki. Isiguli sidambisa izimpawu kuphela.

Ukudla okungalungile kanye nokuziphatha okungenampilo kuthinta kabi amathumbu. Ngokuvamile, ukungondleki kubangela ukuqunjelwa - ukugqwala kwendle, ukuncipha kokuhamba kwamathumbu.

Izimbangela zomdlavuza we-colon sigmoid

Umdlavuza wekholoni ye-sigmoid ucasulwa yizizathu eziningi. Inhlanganisela yezinto eziningi ingaholela esifweni esinjalo.

I-genetic predisposition idlala indima ebalulekile. Uma omunye wezihlobo esevele enomdlavuza wamathumbu, amathuba okuthi agule ayoba maningi. Kukhona futhi i-predisposition ekubunjweni kwama-polyps - ukwakheka kwe-benign. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bangaphenduka ifomu elibi.

Kubangela ukugula kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala eziqhubekayo emathunjini - i-colitis, isifo sikaCrohn nezinye izifo.

Ngokukhula kweminyaka, ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon sigmoid iyanda. Kodwa akuyona iminyaka imbangela, kodwa ushintsho endleleni yokuphila yomuntu: ukuhamba okuphansi, ukukhuluphala, imithi ejwayelekile.

Kubo bonke abantu, ukuthanda ngokweqile ukudla okunomdlavuza, inyama, nama-carbohydrate asheshayo kuzoba yingozi. Umdlavuza udalwa utshwala nokubhema.

Ukudakwa njalo komzimba ngemikhiqizo yokubola, ukuchayeka ebuthini ku-mucosa yamathumbu kuholela ekukhuleni okungavamile kwe-epithelium. I-epithelium ekhulayo iwuphawu lokuthi i-polyp isiqalile ukwakheka. Lesi simo sibhekwa njengengozi futhi ngaphandle kokubhekwa nokwelashwa, i-polyp ingazalwa kabusha.

Kukholoni ye-sigmoid, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyehla. Lokhu futhi kunciphisa ukukhula kwezimila, ukuze zikhule isikhathi eside. Udonga lwe-peritoneum aluvumeli ukuqaphela okungenani ezinye izimpawu zangaphandle zokukhula kwesimila. Konke lokhu, kanye nokungabi bikho njalo kwezimpawu, kwenza umdlavuza wekholoni ye-sigmoid kube nzima ukuwuxilonga.

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-colon sigmoid

Umdlavuza uhlukaniswe izigaba kuye ngokuthi ukunganakwa kwesifo. Ngesigaba ngasinye, ithuba lesiguli lokusinda nokwelula impilo ngemva kokwelashwa okungenani iminyaka emi-5 liyancipha.

Isigaba 0. Ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi “umdlavuza endaweni” – in situ. Lesi yisigaba sokuqala sesifo. Kuleli qophelo, inqubo ye-pathological yenzeka kuphela ku-mucosa yamathumbu.

Isigaba 1. Sekuvele kukhona ukukhula kwesimila kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, kodwa akudluli. Amathuba okwelapha kulesi sigaba aphezulu kakhulu - kuma-96 - 99% ezimweni.

Isigaba 2. Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthi isimila sikhula kanjani.

• uhlobo lwe-II-A - izicubu ezithintekayo zisakazeka ku-lumen yamathumbu, zivimbela cishe isigamu, izinga lokusinda lingaba ngu-95%;
• uhlobo lwe-II-B - isimila sijula ​​esicutshini sodonga lomgudu wokugaya ukudla, kodwa amangqamuzana e-metastatic awasakazeki, iphesenti lokusinda kulolu hlobo liphansi.

Isigaba 3. Kungalesi sigaba lapho ama-metastases angavela khona. Isigaba sesi-3 siphinde sihlukaniswe ngama-subtypes.

• uhlobo lwe-III-A - i-tumor isakazeka ku-lumen yamathumbu, ayikho i-metastasis, kodwa isimila sinamandla kangangokuthi sivala cishe yonke i-lumen yamathumbu, ukubikezela okuhle kuphawulwe ku-58 - 60% yeziguli;
• uhlobo lwe-III-B - isimila singena ezindongeni zamathumbu, i-metastase eyodwa kuma-lymph nodes iyabonakala, izinga lokusinda liyancipha - kuphela i-40 - 45% yamacala.

Isigaba 4. Esigabeni sokugcina, ama-metastases asakazekela ezithweni ezikude nama-lymph nodes. I-tumor ngesikhathi esifanayo ijula ​​ezicutshini zezitho eziseduze - ngokuvamile esibindi. Kunzima ukusiza iziguli kulesi sigaba; 8-10% kuphela weziguli ezingalulama.

Kulesi sigaba, kukhona futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwama-subtypes, ngoba isimila sithinta izindawo ezahlukene.

• I-subtype 4A - i-tumor ikhula kuzo zonke izingqimba zamathumbu, kukhona okungenani i-metastasis eyi-1 ekude (isibonelo, emaphashini), kuyilapho izitho ezingomakhelwane zingase zingathinteki nhlobo ngesimila;
• i-subtype 4B - isimila sihluma ngokuphelele noma kancane odongeni lwamathumbu, kukhona okungenani i-metastasis engu-1 ezithweni ezikude noma eziningana kuma-lymph nodes, kungase kube khona noma kungabi nama-metastases ezithweni eziseduze;
• i-subtype 4C - isimila sesikhule odongeni lwamathumbu ngokuphelele. Kukhona ama-metastases ezithweni eziseduze, isimila singasakazeka ezindaweni ezikude ze-peritoneum, kungase kungabi khona ama-metastases akude.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-colon sigmoid

Ezigabeni zokuqala, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo, futhi lokhu kuyingozi yesifo. Lezo zimpawu ezivelayo zivame ukudideka nezinye izifo noma zingayi nhlobo kudokotela.

Umdlavuza wekholoni ye-sigmoid ungabonakaliswa yi-flatulence, belching, ukuduma kwesisu. Uhudo nokuqunjelwa kuvame ukushintshanisa. Amahlule amafinyila negazi angase avele endle - abaningi badida lokhu nama-hemorrhoids. Ngokukhula kwe-tumor, ubuhlungu esiswini, ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu, umuzwa wokungaphelele wamathumbu uyaphazamisa.

Ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo, izimpawu ezijwayelekile zivela: ukukhathala, isicanucanu njalo, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu. Umuntu ulahlekelwa isisindo, ulahlekelwe isifiso sokudla. Isikhumba siba mpunga noma sibephuzi, siphaphatheke. Isibindi singakhuliswa futhi i-hemoglobin egazini inciphe.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-colon sigmoid

Ukwelashwa kwesifo esinjalo kuhlale kuyinkimbinkimbi - awukwazi ukwenza ngendlela eyodwa kuphela, ngisho engcono kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy.

Indima ebalulekile inikezwa ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Uma isimila sincane futhi ama-contours aso acacile, izicubu ezithintekile zingasuswa. Ngokwengxenye kuyadingeka ukukhipha ingxenye yamathumbu athintekile, kanye nama-lymph nodes. Uma isisu "silula" - sincane futhi sisezingeni eliphansi, singasuswa ngendlela emnene. Nge-punctures encane, i-endoscope ifakwa, egwema ukuhlinzwa kwesisu.

Ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesigaba sokugcina ezimweni ezithuthukile, ukususwa okuphelele kwekholoni ye-sigmoid akunakugwenywa. Ukuze ususe indle namagesi, i-colostomy ifakwe, ngezinye izikhathi impilo yonke, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukususa imikhiqizo yokucubungula ukudla ngendlela evamile.

Diagnostics

Ukuhlolwa kufanele kube okuphelele, kuyingozi kakhulu ukuhlanganisa umdlavuza nezinye izifo ezingenabungozi kangako.

Uma kunezikhalazo, udokotela angase enze ukuhlolwa kwedijithali kwe-rectum. Okulandelayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic kunqunywe: colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy. Izinqubo zibuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi i-anesthesia iyadingeka. Ezinye iziguli akufanele zibe ne-colonoscopy. Ngesikhathi socwaningo, i-endoscope ifakwa ku-anus, ihlola amathumbu. Baphinde bathathe i-biopsy yezindawo ezisolisayo - kuzokwazi ukunquma ukwakheka nokwakheka kwe-tumor, ukuhlukahluka kwayo. Ukwelashwa nakho kuzoncika kulokhu.

Kukhona indlela engavamile kakhulu - irrigoscopy. Isiguli sithatha isixazululo se-barium esigcwalisa amathumbu. Okulandelayo, kuthathwa i-x-ray, ebonisa ukwakheka kwamathumbu nokugoba kwawo.

Kokubili i-ultrasound kanye ne-MRI yomgodi wesisu isetshenziswa. Ngosizo lwabo, ungahlola ubukhulu be-tumor, ukuba khona kwama-metastases. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezimpawu zesimila nakho kuyimpoqo.

Ukwelashwa kwesimanje

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa, isimila sithinteka ngokucashile. I-Chemotherapy ibhubhisa izicubu ezithintekile futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwesimila. Izidakamizwa ezinobuthi zithinta wonke umzimba, kodwa ukwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu. I-Chemotherapy ivimbela ukukhula kwesimila futhi ivimbele ukubuya kwalesi sifo. Kunqunywa kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe umphumela.

I-Radiotherapy isetshenziswa ngokuqapha, njengoba kunengozi yokulimala kwezindonga zamathumbu. Isebenza kahle futhi kumdlavuza we-sigmoid colon.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-colon sigmoid ekhaya

Bonke abantu kufanele bahlolwe. Kukhona nezinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuhlola umdlavuza wamathumbu - zisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ubudala. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyindle (okumele kuthathwe njalo eminyakeni emi-2) kanye ne-colonoscopy (njalo eminyakeni emi-5).

Kubalulekile ukubheka ukudla kwakho, ugweme ukuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo, udle inyama encane kanye nofulawa omhlophe, kanye nemifino eminingi kanye ne-fiber. Ezemidlalo, indlela yokuphila esebenzayo izosiza, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuhamba kwamathumbu kuzokwehla nakanjani.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaqali ukwelashwa kwezifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo njenge-colitis. Gwema ugwayi notshwala.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Ukuze uzivikele kulesi sifo esiyingozi kangaka, zihlomise ngolwazi futhi uvakashele udokotela ngesikhathi ngokungangabazeki. Uphendule imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nomdlavuza we-colon sigmoid umelaphi Yulia Tkachenko.