I-leukemia

Yini i-leukemia

I-leukemia noma i-leukemia yisifo esiyingozi sesistimu ye-hematopoietic. Ukunemba kakhudlwana - umnkantsha wethambo kanye nesistimu ye-lymphatic, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wegazi. I-leukemia ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wegazi.

Emzimbeni womuntu, amangqamuzana egazi ajikeleza njalo. Amaseli asetshenzisiwe ayafa, futhi amasha akhiwa ngamaseli esiqu somnkantsha. Amaseli amasha okhokho aqale ahlukanise bese evuthwa abe amaseli agcwele. Kubantu abanempilo, kunohlelo olulawulwa kahle lokulinganisa phakathi kwamaseli asetshenzisiwe, afile nasanda kwakhiwa. Kodwa ezigulini ezine-leukemia, le bhalansi iphazamiseka kakhulu. Amaseli amasha aphindaphindeka ngokungalawuleki, angakhuli aze afike ezingeni lamaseli agcwele. Ngokuhamba kwe-leukemia, ziba ziningi.

Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-leukemia.

• I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu ezinganeni.
• I-acute myeloid leukemia.
• I-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Kwenzeka kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala futhi kuye kwabikwa emalungwini amaningana omndeni owodwa.
• I-leukemia ye-myeloid engapheli.

Izimbangela ze-leukemia kubantu abadala

Izimbangela eziqondile zalesi sifo azaziwa. Kodwa izizathu zingabandakanya:

• ukuchayeka okukhulu (radiotherapy);
• ukuchayeka kuma-carcinogens (isb, benzene);
• amagciwane;
• ezinye izinguquko zofuzo (i-hereditary predisposition).

Izimpawu ze-leukemia kubantu abadala

Isazi se-oncologist u-Dina Sakaeva siqokomisa inombolo yezimpawu zalesi sifo:

• i-anemia;
• i-hemorrhagic syndrome, ngoba awekho ama-platelet anele emzimbeni;
• ukopha;
• ukulinyazwa;
• ukuphuma kwegazi kulwelwesi lwamafinyila - olimini, esikhumbeni;
• ukubonakala kwamachashazi amancane namabala;
• ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa;
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
• ukulahlekelwa ukudla;
• ukuncipha komzimba;
• ukubonakala kwama-metastases, lapho amangqamuzana e-tumor engena ezithweni ezinempilo.

Izigaba ze-leukemia kubantu abadala

Isigaba 1. Esigabeni sokuqala se-leukemia, umdlavuza uhlasela ama-lymph nodes, akhula ngosayizi. Isiguli singabona ama-node akhulisiwe ngokwaso.

Isigaba 2. Kulokhu, isibindi noma i-spleen, noma kokubili ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kweziguli. Lesi sibonakaliso senzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lama-lymphocyte ngaphakathi kwalezi zitho.

Isigaba 3. Kutholakala lapho umuntu eba ne-anemia (izinga le-hemoglobin alidluli amayunithi ayi-10).

Isigaba 4. Kulokhu, kubonakala ngezinga eliphansi lamaplatelet, noma i-thrombocytopenia. Inani leplatelet egazini lesiguli alidluli izinkulungwane eziyi-100.

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kubantu abadala

Uma ingelashwa, i-leukemia ingaholela ekufeni phakathi nenkathi yezinyanga. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyisisekelo esidingekayo sanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa kwe-leukemia. I-“Chemistry” ihlasela amangqamuzana e-leukemia ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukuze ibhubhise ngokuphelele izimila eziyingozi.

Ukwelashwa kwamafutha - imithamo ephezulu yemisebe ye-ionizing isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kukhona ukwehla kwama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe, i-spleen. Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lusetshenziswa ngaphambi komnkantsha wamathambo kanye nokufakelwa kwe-stem cell.

Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe esetshenziswa ku-CML (i-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ivimbela izinqubo ezibalulekile kumaseli we-leukemic), kodwa i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwe-interferon nakho kuyasetshenziswa. Nokho, ukwelapha okuphelele akunakwenzeka. Kungafezwa kuphela ngokufakelwa komnkantsha kusuka kumnikeli onempilo.

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo – Ukufakelwa komnkantsha. Abanikelayo kungaba yizelamani zeziguli.

Diagnostics

I-aphoyintimenti ne-oncologist iqala ngengxoxo nesiguli. Udokotela uthola ngokuningiliziwe izikhalazo zesiguli, umlando wesifo kanye nempilo yesiguli, ukuba khona kwe-pathology esihlotsheni esilandelayo. Okulandelayo, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo nezitho zomzimba kuqala ukuhlonza ukwephulwa: ukuchoboza amaqembu ama-lymph node, indawo engamakhilomitha angama-XNUMX esibindi kanye nobende, ngoba angakhuliswa nge-leukemia.

Umdlavuza wegazi ungatholwa ngokuthi:

• I-CBC: Uma unomdlavuza, izokhombisa ukwanda kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kanye nokuncipha kwamanye amaseli egazi.
• i-coagulogram - ukuhlaziywa kwemingcele ye-coagulation yegazi.
• i-immunogram - ucwaningo lwezinkomba eziyinhloko zamasosha omzimba womuntu.

Futhi, udokotela angase anikeze izindlela zokuhlola ezengeziwe zokunquma uhlobo / isigaba somdlavuza wegazi:

• ukubhoboza i-biopsy yomnkantsha ngokuhlolwa kwe-histological okwalandela;
• ukubhoboza i-biopsy ye-lymph nodes;
• ukubhoboza umgogodla - ukuthola amangqamuzana egazi angavuthiwe, ukuhlonza nokunquma ukuzwela kwezidakamizwa ezithile ze-chemotherapy.
• ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound (ultrasound);
• i-computed tomography (CT);
• imaging resonance magnetic (MRI).

Ukuvimbela i-leukemia kubantu abadala ekhaya

Izindlela eziqondile zokuvimbela i-leukemia azikasungulwa. Izazi ze-Oncologists zeluleka kuphela ukuphila ngendlela enempilo, ehlanganisa ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba okuncane, ukuphumula okwanele nokulala, nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Labo abasengozini (kunalabo emndenini ababenomdlavuza) kufanele bahlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka futhi kuqashwe impilo yabo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Izimpendulo U-Dina Sakaeva, iPhini likaDokotela oyiNhloko ku-Oncology, uSolwazi woMnyango Wezesayensi Yezokwelapha onesifundo se-Clinical Pharmacology, Ilungu Lebhodi le-RUSSCO, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezokwelapha: