Okuqukethwe
Bonke abantu abadala nezingane, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, bayazi isisho esidumile nesihlekisayo - "Phuza, izingane, ubisi, uzobe uphilile!" … Kodwa-ke, namhlanje, ngenxa yocwaningo oluningi lwesayensi, ukubukeka okuhle kwalesi sitatimende sekufiphele kakhulu - kuvela ukuthi akusibo bonke abantu abadala nezingane ubisi oluphilile ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, ubisi alugcini nje ngokungenampilo, kodwa futhi luyingozi empilweni! Kungenzeka yini noma cha ukusenga izingane?
Izizukulwane eziningi sezikhulile ngenkolelo yokuthi ubisi lwezilwane lungenye "yamatshe ekhoneni" okunomsoco womuntu, ngamanye amagama, okunye kokudla okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okuwusizo ekudleni kwabantu abadala hhayi kuphela, kepha nasezinganeni kusukela lapho zizalwa. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini sethu, izindawo eziningi ezimnyama zivele kudumela olumhlophe lobisi.
Ingabe izingane zingadla ubisi? Izindaba zobudala!
Kuvela ukuthi iminyaka yomuntu ngamunye inobudlelwano bayo obukhethekile nobisi lwenkomo (futhi ngasendleleni, hhayi ngobisi lwenkomo kuphela, kodwa nangembuzi, eyezimvu, yekamela, njll.). Futhi lobu budlelwano bulawulwa ngokuyinhloko yikhono lesistimu yethu yokugaya ukugaya ngokufanele lolu bisi.
Iqiniso ukuthi ubisi luqukethe ushukela okhethekile wobisi - i-lactose (ngolimi oluqondile lososayensi, i-lactose iyi-carbohydrate yeqembu le-disaccharide). Ukwephula i-lactose, umuntu udinga inani elanele le-enzyme ekhethekile - i-lactase.
Lapho umntwana ezalwa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme ye-lactase emzimbeni wakhe kuphakeme kakhulu - ngakho-ke imvelo "icatshangelwe" ukuze ingane ithole inzuzo enkulu nezakhamzimba obisini lwebele lukanina.
Kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka, umsebenzi wokukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme lactase emzimbeni womuntu wehla kakhulu (ngeminyaka eyi-10-15 kweminye intsha, iyanyamalala cishe).
Yingakho imithi yesimanje ingakhuthazi ukusetshenziswa kobisi (hhayi imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu, kodwa ngokuqondile ubisi ngokwalo!) Ngabadala. Kulezi zinsuku, odokotela bavumile ukuthi ukuphuza ubisi kuletha umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yabantu kunokuhle ...
Futhi lapha kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo: uma imvuthuluka esanda kuzalwa nosana olungaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala benokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-enzyme ye-lactase empilweni yabo yonke yesikhathi esizayo, ngabe lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane, uma nje ukuncelisa kungeke kwenzeke, kuyasiza kakhulu ukondla “Bukhoma” ubisi lwenkomo kunefomula yezinsana ebhange?
Kuvela - cha! Ukusetshenziswa kobisi lwenkomo akuyona nje into enhle empilweni yezingane, kepha futhi, kugcwele izingozi eziningi. Bayini?
Ngabe ubisi lungasetshenziselwa izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala?
Ngenhlanhla, noma ngeshwa, ezingqondweni zenani elikhulu labantu abadala (ikakhulukazi labo abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya) eminyakeni yamuva, inkolelo-mbono isungule ukuthi lapho kungekho bisi lukamama osemncane, ingane ingakwazi futhi kufanele idliswe hhayi ngenhlanganisela ephuma ekanini, kodwa ngobisi lwenkomo noma lwembuzi oluhlukanisile. Bathi kukonga kakhulu, futhi kusondelene nemvelo, futhi kusiza kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwengane - phela, yile ndlela abantu abebelokhu beziphatha ngayo kusukela endulo! ..
Kepha empeleni, ukusetshenziswa kobisi oluvela ezilwaneni zasemapulazini yizinsana (okungukuthi, izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa) kubeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yezingane!
Isibonelo, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenzisa ubisi lwenkomo (noma imbuzi, imazi, i-reindeer - hhayi iphuzu) kokudla kwezingane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ukuthuthukiswa kwama-rickets acishe abe yikhulu % wamacala.
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-rickets, njengoba kwaziwa kabanzi, avela ngemuva kokushoda okuhlelekile kukavithamini D. Kepha noma ngabe ingane inikezwa le vithamini D ebaluleke kakhulu kusukela izalwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye yondla ngobisi lwenkomo (okuyinto , by the way, uqobo uqobo iwumthombo ophanayo kavithamini D), khona-ke noma yimiphi imizamo yokuvimbela ama-rickets iyoba yize - i-phosphorus equkethwe ubisi, maye, iyoba yimbangela yokulahleka okungapheli okuphelele kwe-calcium nokuthi D.
Uma ingane idla ubisi lwenkomo kuze kube unyaka, ithola cishe i-calcium ephindwe kahlanu kunaleyo eyidingayo, ne-phosphorus - icishe iphindwe kasikhombisa kunokujwayelekile. Futhi uma kukhishwa i-calcium ngokweqile emzimbeni wengane ngaphandle kwezinkinga, khona-ke ukuze kususwe inani elifanele le-phosphorus, izinso kufanele zisebenzise i-calcium nevithamini D. Ngakho-ke, lapho ingane idla ubisi oluningi, i-vitamin iyantuleka ngokwengeziwe D ne-calcium umzimba wakhe.
Ngakho-ke kuvela: uma ingane idla ubisi lwenkomo kuze kube unyaka (noma njengokudla okuhambisanayo), ayitholi i-calcium ayidingayo, kepha kunalokho, ilahlekelwa njalo futhi ngobuningi.
Kanye ne-calcium, ulahlekelwa futhi uvithamini D oyigugu, ngemuva kwesimo sokushoda lapho ingane izokwakha ama-rickets. Ngokuqondene namafomula obisi lwezingane, kuwo wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, yonke i-phosphorus eyeqile isuswa ngamabomu - kokondliwa kwezingane, ngokwencazelo, ilusizo ngaphezu kobisi lwenkomo (noma lwembuzi).
Futhi kuphela lapho izingane zikhula zineminyaka engu-1 ubudala, kuphela lapho izinso zabo zivuthwa kangangokuthi sezikwazi kakade ukususa i-phosphorus ngokweqile, ngaphandle kokuncisha umzimba we-calcium ne-vitamin D eyidingayo. Futhi, ngokufanele, ubisi lwezinkomo (kanye nezimbuzi kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ubisi lwemvelaphi yezilwane) oluvela emikhiqizweni eyingozi kumenyu yezingane luphenduka umkhiqizo owusizo nobalulekile.
Inkinga yesibili enkulu evelayo lapho wondla izingane ngobisi lwenkomo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezinzima ze-anemia. Njengoba kungabonakala etafuleni, okuqukethwe yensimbi obisini lwebele lomuntu kuphakeme kancane kunobisi lwenkomo. Kepha ngisho nensimbi esesekhona obisini lwezinkomo, izimbuzi, izimvu nezinye izilwane zezolimo ayifunxwa umzimba wengane nhlobo - ngakho-ke, ukukhula kwegazi lapho kudla ubisi lwenkomo kuqinisekisiwe.
Ubisi ekudleni kwezingane ngemuva konyaka
Kodwa-ke, umkhuba wokusetshenziswa kobisi empilweni yengane yinto yesikhashana. Kakade lapho umntwana ewela ingqophamlando yonyaka owodwa, izinso zakhe ziba isitho esakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi esivuthiwe, imetabolism ye-electrolyte ijwayelekile futhi ne-phosphorus eyeqile obisini ayethusi kangako kuye.
Futhi ukuqala onyakeni, kungenzeka impela ukwethula lonke ubisi lwenkomo noma lwembuzi ekudleni kwengane. Futhi uma esikhathini esisukela eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 inani laso kufanele lilawulwe - isilinganiso sansuku zonke sinezingilazi ezi-2-4 zobisi lonke - emva kweminyaka emithathu ingane ikhululekile ukuphuza ubisi oluningi ngosuku njengoba ifuna.
Uma sikhuluma nje, ezinganeni, ubisi lwenkomo lonke akuwona umkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile futhi obalulekile - zonke izinzuzo eziqukethe zingatholakala nakweminye imikhiqizo.
Ngakho-ke, odokotela bagcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobisi kunqunywa kuphela yimilutha yengane uqobo: uma iluthanda ubisi, futhi uma ingazizwa ingakhululekile ngemuva kokuphuza, khona-ke mayiphuze ibe sempilweni yayo! Futhi uma engayithandi, noma okubi kakhulu, uzizwa kabi ngenxa yobisi, ukukhathazeka kwakho kokuqala njengomzali ukukholisa ugogo wakho ukuthi noma ngaphandle kobisi, izingane zingakhula ziphilile, ziqinile futhi zijabule…
Ngakho-ke, ake siphinde kafushane ukuthi iziphi izingane ezingaluthokozela ubisi ngokungalawuleki ngokuphelele, ukuthi yiziphi okufanele ziluphuze ngaphansi kweso labazali bazo, nokuthi yiziphi okufanele zincishwe lo mkhiqizo ekudleni kwazo:
Izingane ezineminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-1 ubudala: ubisi luyingozi empilweni yabo futhi alunconywa ngisho nangamanani amancane (ngoba ubungozi bokuqalwa kwama-rickets kanye ne-anemia buphezulu ngokweqile);
Izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 ubudala: ubisi lungafakwa kwimenyu yezingane, kepha kungcono ukulunikeza ingane ngamanani alinganiselwe (izingilazi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku);
Izingane ezineminyaka emithathu kuya kwengu-3 ubudala: kulesi sikhathi, ubisi lungadliwa ngokuya ngomgomo "njengoba efuna - ake aphuze kakhulu";
Izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-13 ubudala: ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-12-13 emzimbeni womuntu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme ye-lactase kuqala ukushabalala kancane kancane, lapho odokotela besimanje begcizelela ukuthi kusetshenziswe ubisi lonke ngokulinganisela kakhulu kanye nokuguqukela emikhiqizweni yobisi olumuncu kuphela, lapho ukuvutshelwa. izinqubo sezivele "zisebenza" ekuqhekekeni koshukela wobisi.
Odokotela banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala eyi-15, cishe ama-65% ezakhamizi zomhlaba, ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme ephula ushukela wobisi kuyehla kuya kumanani anganakwa. Lokho kungadala zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga nezifo emgodini wamathumbu. Kungakho ukusetshenziswa kobisi lonke ebusheni (bese kuba sebudaleni) kubhekwa njengokungathandeki ngokombono wemithi yanamuhla.
Amaqiniso awusizo ngobisi lwezingane nokuningi
Ekuphetheni, nanka amanye amaqiniso angaziwa ngobisi lwenkomo nokusetshenziswa kwalo, ikakhulukazi izingane:
Lapho ubilisiwe, ubisi lugcina wonke amaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate, kanye ne-calcium, i-phosphorus namanye amaminerali. Kodwa-ke, amabhaktheriya ayingozi ayabulawa futhi amavithamini ayabhujiswa (okuthi, ngokulunga, kufanele kuthiwe, akukaze kube yinzuzo enkulu yobisi). Ngakho-ke uma ungabaza ngemvelaphi yobisi (ikakhulukazi uma uluthengile emakethe, “emkhakheni wangasese”, njll.), Qiniseka ukulibilisa ngaphambi kokulinikeza ingane yakho.
Ngomntwana oneminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-4-5, kunconywa ukuthi unganiki ubisi, okuqukethwe okunamafutha okungaphezu kuka-3%.
Ngokwemvelo, umzimba womuntu ungaphila kalula impilo yonke ngaphandle kobisi lonke, ngenkathi ugcina impilo nokusebenza. Ngamanye amagama, azikho izinto zobisi lwemvelaphi yezilwane ezingabaluleka kubantu.
Uma ingane inokutheleleka kwe-rotavirus, khona-ke ngokushesha ngemva kokululama, ubisi kufanele lukhishwe ngokuphelele ekudleni kwakhe cishe amasonto angu-2-3. Iqiniso liwukuthi isikhathi esithile i-rotavirus emzimbeni womuntu "ivala" ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme i-lactose - leyo ephula ushukela we-lactase wobisi. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ingane idla imikhiqizo yobisi (kuhlanganise nobisi lwebele!) Ngemva kokuhlupheka kwe-rotavirus, lokhu kuqinisekisiwe ukwengeza izifo eziningana zokugaya ngendlela yokugaya, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqothulwa noma isifo sohudo, njll.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, esinye sezikhungo zocwaningo lwezokwelapha ezihlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni - i-Harvard Medical School - salukhipha ngokusemthethweni ubisi lonke lwemvelaphi yezilwane ohlwini lwemikhiqizo elungele impilo yabantu. Ucwaningo luye lwaqoqa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobisi okuvamile nokudlulele kunomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni i-atherosclerosis kanye nezifo zenhliziyo, kanye nokuvela kwesifo sikashukela ngisho nomdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nodokotela beSikole SaseHarvard esidumile bachaza ukuthi ukuphuza ubisi ngokusesilinganisweni nangezikhathi ezithile kwamukeleka ngokuphelele futhi kuphephe. Iphuzu liwukuthi ubisi isikhathi eside lwalubhekwa ngephutha njengenye yemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphila komuntu, impilo nokuphila isikhathi eside, futhi namuhla ilahlekelwe lesi simo esikhethekile, kanye nendawo ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwabantu abadala kanye nezingane.