I-Burbot: incazelo, indawo yokuhlala, ukudla kanye nemikhuba yezinhlanzi

I-Burbot ingummeleli oyingqayizivele wohlelo olufana ne-cod lomndeni wama-cod, onenani elibalulekile lezentengiselwano. Ukuhluka kwezinhlanzi kulele eqinisweni lokuthi i-burbot iyona kuphela eqenjini layo (Gadiformes) ethole indawo yokuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile kuphela. Kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile nangesikhathi esifushane, i-burbot ingatholakala ezindaweni ezikhishwe usawoti olwandle, lapho usawoti ungeqi ku-12%.

Ngokwesigaba somhlaba, i-burbot ayifani nje kuphela ngoba iwukuphela kommeleli wamanzi ahlanzekile ngokulandelana kwayo, kodwa futhi iyona kuphela i-burbot ohlotsheni. Ezinhlanzini, ngokwezigaba ezifanayo, kunezinhlobo ezi-3 ezihlukene:

• I-Lotta lotta;
• I-lota leptura;
• Lota lota maculousa.

I-subspecies yokuqala yathola indawo yokuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile ase-Asia naseYurophu futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-burbot evamile. I-subspecies yesibili ngaphansi kwegama i-burbot enomsila omncane, izindawo zayo zokuhlala emanzini abandayo omfula osenyakatho yeCanada - iMackenzie, imifula yaseSiberia, amanzi ase-Arctic ageza ugu lwase-Alaska. I-subspecies yesithathu inabantu abaningi kuphela emanzini aseNyakatho Melika.

Izici zezinhlobo nencazelo yazo

ukubukeka

Isithombe: www.wildfauna.ru

Umuntu ojwayelekile unobude bomzimba obungekho ngaphezu kwe-1 m, kanti isisindo sakhe sifinyelela ku-25 kg. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi isampula esikhulu kunazo zonke esibanjwe silinganisa kangakanani, izincwadi eziningi eziku-inthanethi ziphendula ngokuthi kwakuyinhlanzi enesisindo esingu-31 kg nobude bomzimba obuyi-1,2 m, isithombe esiqinisekisa leli qiniso asizange sigcinwe.

Ama-anglers amaningi athi i-burbot ifana kakhulu ne-catfish, kodwa lokhu kubheka nje kuqala, ngoba umehluko ubalulekile. Ukufana kubonakala kuphela ngomumo womzimba oyindilinga nobude, ocindezelwe eceleni, ofana ngempela ne-catfish. Amazenga amancane amboza wonke umzimba wenhlanzi ehlangene namafinyila ayayivikela kusukela ephikweni le-caudal kuya kumasembozo we-gill, aqede umonakalo kanye ne-hypothermia.

Ikhanda eliyisicaba elinomhlathi wangaphezulu obude liwenza ufane ne- pelengas. Intshebe eyodwa itholakala esilevini senhlanzi, kanti enye intshebe itholakala nhlangothi zombili zomhlathi ongenhla.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, okungukuthi umbala ongaphansi kwechibi, umbala womzimba uyahlukahluka kusuka kumnqumo kuya kumnyama, onamabala amaningi nemivimbo. Umbala wentsha uhlale umnyama, cishe umnyama, okuvumela ukuthosa ukugwema ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi emazinyweni esilwane esizingelayo. I-Burbot iphila ngokwesilinganiso kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-15, kodwa ezinye izibonelo ziphila iminyaka engama-24. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngomehluko omkhulu kakhulu ngesisindo, ubukhulu bekhanda nomzimba kwabesifazane nabesilisa, abesifazane bahlala bebakhudlwana, banomzimba omkhulu kakhulu, kodwa umbala wabo omnyama omncane.

habitat

Amanzi abandayo futhi acwebile, kanye nokuba khona kwetshe eliphansi, yizici eziyinhloko ezibonisa ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi. Lapho befuna i-trophy burbot, bazama ukuthola ingxenye yomfula enembobo ejulile, kulapho indondo oyifunayo izotholakala khona, kaningi kungaba izindawo ezinezitshalo zasogwini, izifuyo ezigcwele izikhukhula.

Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasekuqaleni kwenkathi yasehlobo, kimina - leli elinye igama lalo, ukuphila kokuhlala kuqala, okuphoqa izinhlanzi ukuba zihlale phakathi kwamatshe abeka amatshe ekujuleni okukhulu noma emgodini osogwini, futhi kuphela lapho Ukuhlwa lihamba liyozingela i-ruff.

Lapho kuqala isikhathi esishisayo, omncane ucindezelekile kakhulu, akakwazi ukubekezelela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi, uzama ukucasha ezindaweni ezipholile noma ngisho nokubhoboza othulini olungaphansi.

Isithombe: www. interesnyefakty.org

Ukudla

Isisekelo sokudla kwe-burbot sihlanganisa ama-minnows, i-perch, i-roach, i-ruff encane kanye ne-crucian carp, kanye nokudla okuthandayo: i-crayfish enezindebe ezinde, ixoxo, izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-tadpoles.

Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, futhi, ngokufanele, umbuso wokushisa wamanzi, izintandokazi zami zokudla ziyashintsha. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, umhlaseli wethu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, uzingela abantu abahlala phansi, abamelelwe ikakhulukazi ama-crustaceans nezibungu. Ngokuqala kokupholisa kwekwindla, kuze kufike kuqhwa lasebusika, isifiso sami sokudla siyakhula, okusho ukuthi ubukhulu benyamazane ngendlela yezinhlanzi bukhula, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela ingxenye yesithathu yobude bayo.

Ukuzalela

Isikhathi sokuthomba kwabesilisa senzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunakwabesifazane, ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka lapho sebeneminyaka engu-4 ubudala futhi isisindo somuntu singekho ngaphansi kuka-0,5 kg.

Ekuqaleni kwezinkathi zonyaka zasekwindla nobusika, kusukela lapho iqhwa lakha phezu kwamanzi, izinhlanzi ziqala ukufuduka isikhathi eside ziye endaweni yokuzalela. Indawo yokuzalela ekhethwe yimi ibonakala ngokuba khona kwezibekeli zamatshe ezansi. Ezinhlotsheni ze-lacustrine ezihlala phansi ze-burbot, ukushiya ichibi ukuze lizalele akwamukelekile; ikhetha ukuthuthela endaweni engashoni lapho kukhona izindawo zokubeka amatshe ukuze zizalele.

Ukuzalanisa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezi-3 kusukela ngoZibandlela kuya kuNhlolanja, isikhathi sokuzala sincike esimweni sokushisa esivamile endaweni lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lamanzi lokuzalela i-1-4⁰C, uma kwenzeka incibilika, isikhathi sokuzala siyalibaziseka, futhi nesithwathwa esiphakama njalo, ukuzala kusebenza kakhulu.

Iconsi lamafutha elimboza iqanda elinobubanzi obungafika ku-1 mm, lithathwe umsinga, liwele phansi etsheni, liwela phakathi kwezingcezu zamatshe futhi lifukamele lapho isikhathi esiyinyanga eyodwa kuya kwezingu-2,5. Isikhathi se-incubation period, kanye nesikhathi sokuzala, sincike kumbuso wokushisa. Insikazi, ngesikhathi sokuzala okukodwa kuphela, iyakwazi ukushanela amaqanda angaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-incubation, esihambisana nesikhathi sokuqala kwesikhukhula, i-burbot fry ivela kungqimba engezansi. Lezi zimo zibonakaliswa kabi ngenani lokusinda lokuthosa, njengoba iningi lazo lingena emanzini ezikhukhula, futhi ekupheleni kwesikhukhula liyafa njengoba izinga le-floodplain liyancipha.

ukusatshalaliswa

I-Western Yurophu

Indandatho eyindilinga yendawo yokuhlala ye-burbot ithole i-latitude lapho imifula inemilomo e-Arctic Ocean.

Izinhlanzi ezake zavamile emanzini azungeze iziqhingi zaseBrithani, imifula namachibi eBelgium, eJalimane yaqothulwa emuva kuma-70s ngenxa yokudoba kwezimboni ngokungacabangi. Namuhla, sekusungulwe uhlelo lokubuyisela inani lama-burbot ezindaweni ezingenhla.

Isithombe: www.megarybak.ru

Emanzini ahlanzekile eNetherlands, i-burbot nayo ihlukile, lapha nayo isengozini. Imihlambi eminingi yezinhlanzi eyayihlala emifuleni nasemachibini:

• Bisbohse;
• Volkerake;
• I-Krammare;
• IJsselmeer;
• I-Ketelmer,

balahlekelwe yinani labantu bangaphambili futhi bangaphansi kokwethulwa kabusha. Ezindaweni zamanzi zase-Italy, eFrance, e-Austria, eSwitzerland, izimo ezivumayo ziye zathuthukiswa ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlobo zezilwane, inani labantu lizinzile ikakhulukazi emifuleni nasemachibini aseSwitzerland.

Northern Europe

Nakuba ngaphambili inani labantu be-burbot laliningi emifuleni nasemachibini aseLithuania, e-Estonia, eLatvia, eSweden, eFinland naseNorway, ngawo-90 yaqala ukunciphisa kakhulu izinombolo zayo. Embikweni yabashisekeli bezemvelo, kunezibalo ezicindezelayo zokwehla kwenani lama-burbot, ukwehla okumenyezelwe kwenani emifuleni nasemachibini aseFinland naseSweden.

Ososayensi bahlobanisa lesi simo ne-eutrophication (ukuwohloka kwezinga lamanzi), kanye nokwanda kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingenasici (ezingaziwa), ngenxa yokuthi i-burbot ithathelwa indawo njengohlobo lwendabuko lwala manzi. Izitha ezinkulu zomndeni zihlanganisa:

• I-Perch;
• Ersh;
• Roach;
• I-Gudgeon.

Nakuba izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisohlwini azikwazi ukulimaza abantu abakhulu be-burbot, zidla ngempumelelo i-caviar kanye nenzalo ekhulayo.

Eastern Europe

E-Slovenia, imifula namachibi amakhulu lapho kutholakala khona ama-burbot amaningi:

• Umfula iDrava;
• Ichibi Cerknica.

E-Czech Republic, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lusatholakala emifuleni:

• Ohře;
• I-Morava.

Ngenxa yokulawulwa kwemifula yaseMpumalanga Yurophu, ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi kuyo, i-burbot isiphenduke isivakashi esiyivelakancane ekubanjweni okungalindelekile kwabadobi. Ngakho-ke eBulgaria, eHungary nasePoland, lolu hlobo lwaqashelwa njengeluyivelakancane futhi lusengozini, futhi iziphathimandla zaseSlovenia zaqhubekela phambili, ukuze zilondoloze lezi zinhlobo, futhi zanquma ukuvimbela ukubanjwa kwazo.

Isithombe: www.fishermanblog.ru

Inhlangano yase Russia

Ezindaweni zezwe lethu, lolu hlobo selusakazeke kabanzi kunethiwekhi yemifula namachibi angaphansi kwezilwandle ezilandelayo:

• Mnyama;
• ICaspian;
• Okumhlophe;
• I-Baltic.

Izindawo ezipholile ne-arctic zidale zonke izimo zokwanda okunethezeka kwesibalo sabantu emifuleni yaseSiberia:

• Ob;
• Anadyr;
• I-Meadow;
• Hatanga;
• Yalu;
• Oz. Zaisan;
• Oz. Teletskoye;
• Oz. I-Baikal.