Abameleli be-cyprinids batholakala cishe kuzo zonke izidumbu zamanzi asenyakatho ye-hemisphere. Abathandi bokudoba sekuyisikhathi eside bekwazi izindlela zokubamba i-crucian, i-carp, i-carp, ne-bream ayinjalo. Ummeleli wokugcina kulula ukukubona ngokuma komzimba nombala, nokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-bream ezinezici ezithile ezenza kube nzima ukukubona. Okulandelayo, sizofunda zonke izinhlobo ze-subspecies zommeli onobuqili futhi oqaphile wama-cyprinids ahlala emhlabeni.
Ukuvama
Ihlukaniswa njenge-carp, futhi indawo yayo yokusabalalisa inkulu kakhulu. Ama-anglers anolwazi lwezinhlanzi emifuleni nasemachibini anamanzi amile, kodwa azikho isibalo sezindawo zokuhlala. I-Bream ingatholakala kalula emiphongolweni yezilwandle eziningi:
- Mnyama;
- Azov;
- i-Baltic;
- Enyakatho;
- I-Caspian.
Waphoqeleka ukuba angene emanzini aseSiberia, kodwa isimo sezulu sahamba kahle. Namuhla, inani labantu abahlala e-ichthy libalulekile.
Emanzini amile, ummeleli we-cyprinids uhlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ubukhulu bawo bukhulu, kodwa emifuleni, isikhathi sokuphila sifushane, futhi asivamile ukufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu.
Izici ezivamile
Ungakwazi ukubona i-ichthyovite ngezici zesakhiwo somzimba, kanye nokudla. Izindawo zokuhlala zazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane nazo azihlukile kakhulu, ngakho-ke sizophinde sicabangele konke okuhlukanisayo kwezinye izinhlanzi ezitholakala emanzini.
| ingxenye yomzimba | incazelo |
| amaphiko | emincane futhi emfushane |
| umsila fin | ayilingani, ingaphezulu lifushane kunezansi |
| indunu | inemishayo engama-30, isiza ukugcina uzinzo |
| ikhanda | encane ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba, inemigqa emibili yamazinyo e-pharyngeal, emi-5 ngayinye |
Ukukhula kwaminyaka yonke eminyakeni emine yokuqala kungu-300-400 g, khona-ke umuntu ovuthiwe akazuzi ngaphezu kuka-150 g ngonyaka.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula umehluko ekukhuleni kwe-bream, emanzini asenyakatho kufinyelelwa eminyakeni engu-5-7 ubudala, ezindaweni eziseningizimu ummeleli we-cyprinids angazala kusukela eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala.
Njengekhaya, inhlanzi ikhetha izindawo ezijulile endaweni yamanzi ngenani elincane lamanje, futhi izinketho ezinohlaza oluningi eduze nazo zizoheha.
Izinhlobo ze-Bream
Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa njenge-carp, kodwa i-bream kuphela emele uhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhluka kohlobo kuhlanjululwe kahle ngamaqembu ezinhlobo, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa:
- ezejwayelekile;
- I-Danube;
- empumalanga;
- mnyama;
- I-Volga.
Ngamunye wabo unendawo yawo yokuhlala futhi unezici zomuntu ngamunye, esizozifunda ngokuningiliziwe.
Okuvamile
Uma kucatshangelwa zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, yilena engabizwa ngokuthi yindinganiso, noma kunalokho ummeleli wayo omkhulu ovuthiwe ngokocansi. Ihlala enkabeni yeRussia, okuthiwa yi-European bream, inani layo elibalulekile.
Okujwayelekile kunezici ezilandelayo:
- umbala wezinhlangothi unombala onsundu, osagolide noma onsundu;
- wonke amaphiko anomngcele omnyama, umbala oyinhloko umpunga;
- i-peritoneum ephuzi;
- ikhanda lincane uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, amehlo makhulu, umlomo mncane, uphela ngeshubhu.
Isici salolu hlobo yi-scaleless keel etholakala phakathi kwe-peritoneum kanye ne-anal fin. Intsha yalolu hlobo nayo iyahlukaniswa, umbala wayo uhlukile kubameleli abadala. Ukukhula okuncane kombala ojwayelekile ovame ukumpunga, yingakho abadobi be-novice bevame ukudidanisa i-bream nokungabi nalwazi nge-bream.
Isisindo esijwayelekile singaphakathi kwama-2-4 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba buyi-35-50 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo zamapharamitha anjalo zibhekwa njengendondo, kanti isisindo singafinyelela ku-6 kg.
Ungabamba lo mmeleli we-cyprinids ngaphandle kwemikhawulo; inani elikhulu labo lihlala endaweni yezwe lethu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Danube ne-Volga bream.
Omhlophe noma Osempumalanga
Kwawela kulolu hlobo ukwethula izilwane zaseMpumalanga Ekude, yiyona engatholakala endaweni yase-Amur.
I-bream yasempumalanga inokubukeka okufana nezinhlobo ezivamile, isici esihlukanisayo kuphela umbala omnyama wangemuva, umbala wayo uhluka kusuka kumnyama omnyama kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani. Isisu se-Amur bream siyisiliva, esiphinde siyihlukanise nabameleli bohlobo lwayo.
Lolu hlobo lukhula lufinyelele ku-50 cm, kanti isisindo esiphezulu asivamile ukufinyelela ku-4 kg. Ukudla ikakhulukazi kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo, ama-diatom ayintandokazi, kodwa i-detritus iyisilwane esimnandi se-bream.
Ukudoba ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintantayo, futhi akuzona kuphela izinketho zezitshalo ezivame ukutholakala njenge-bait. Okuhle kunakho konke, lolu hlobo luzophendula izibungu ezibomvu, izibungu zegazi, izimpethu.
Black
Omunye ummeleli wamazwe aseMpumalanga Ekude, i-black bream ihlala eduze nomlingani we-Amur, kodwa izinombolo zayo zincane kakhulu.
Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala, ingemuva limnyama, izinhlangothi kanye nesisu kuzoba lula kancane. Namuhla, impilo nokuziphatha kwalolu hlobo akuqondakali kahle, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthola idatha enembile noma kuphi. Ama-anglers amaningi azama ukukhulula lo mmeleli we-cyprinids ukuze abanike ithuba lokuzalanisa.
Njengoba kwenzeka, azikho izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-bream, futhi inani lazo cishe zonke lihloniphekile. Kodwa-ke, akufanele sikuzibe ukuvinjelwa kanye nemikhawulo ekudobeni, kusemandleni ethu kuphela ukulondoloza uhlobo lwezizukulwane ezizayo.