I-Bream: incazelo, indawo yokuhlala, ukudla kanye nemikhuba yezinhlanzi

I-Bream, ngokwezigaba zezitshalo nezilwane ezidalwe ngu-Carl Linnaeus, ngo-1758 okokuqala ngqa yathola incazelo kanye negama lesayensi lamazwe ngamazwe elithi Abramis brama. Ngokwesigaba sesayensi, izinhlanzi zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi:

• I-bream yaseMpumalanga;
• I-bream evamile;
• I-Danube bream.

I-Abramis brama - esigabeni somhlaba isiphenduke yaba yedwa, ummeleli wamanzi ahlanzekile wohlobo lwayo, i-genus Abramis (Bream), efakwe emndenini we-Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae).

U-Abramis brama, njengokuphela kommeleli we-oda Cypriniformes (cyprinids), wayenezinhlobo ezingu-16 ngaphambi kokudalwa kokuhlukaniswa komhlaba, abameleli abayinhloko okwakukhona:

• I-Glazach (isobho, idombolo);
• Guster;
• umkhwenyane;
• I-Syrt;
• Bream,

ngemva kokudalwa kokugcina kwe-classifier, u-Abramis brama waba uhlobo lwe-monotypic.

Incazelo yokubukeka kuka-Abramis brama

Isithombe: www.agricultural portal.rf

Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo sokubukeka kwe-Abramis brama umzimba ophezulu futhi ocindezelwe nhlangothi zombili. Ukuphakama komzimba ngezinye izikhathi kudlula i-1/3 yobude bawo, inekhanda elincane elinomlomo omncane, ofakwe ingxenye ye-telescopic yokumunca ngendlela yeshubhu. Ithuluzi elinjalo lomlomo livumela inhlanzi ukuthi idle kusukela phansi ngaphandle kokushintsha isikhundla somzimba esihlobene nayo. I-pharynx yezinhlanzi ifakwe amazinyo e-pharyngeal, ahlelwe emgqeni owodwa ngenani lama-pcs angu-5. kusukela ohlangothini ngalunye.

Ebangeni elingu-2/3 ukusuka ekhanda, ngemuva kwenhlanzi kukhona i-dorsal fin, iqala emisebeni ephakeme kakhulu esuka ekhanda futhi ilahlekelwa ukuphakama, emva kwemisebe eyi-10 eduze nomsila womzimba. I-anal fin iqukethe imisebe engama-33, ethatha u-1/3 wobude bomzimba, emithathu yayo iqinile, kanti enye ithambile.

Umuntu omdala u-Abramis brama unombala ompunga ngemuva, ngezinye izikhathi onsundu, ezinhlangothini zenhlanzi endala enombala osagolide, ophenduka umbala ophuzi okhanyayo eduze kwesisu. Umuntu osemusha futhi ongavuthiwe ngokocansi unombala womzimba ompunga okhanyayo, osiliva.

Uma sithole umbuzo - u-Abramis brama ubukeka kanjani, ngakho-ke abaningi sebevele banesithakazelo embuzweni, kodwa unjani umuntu omude kunawo wonke we-Abramis brama (i-bream evamile) ubukeka kanjani, unesisindo esingakanani futhi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani? ? Isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esirekhodiwe ngokusemthethweni se-bream sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-6, ubude baso buyi-82 cm, futhi ukuze sifinyelele ubukhulu obunjalo, izinhlanzi zahlala iminyaka engu-23.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-bream ne-bream

Isithombe: www.poklev.com

Abadobi abaningi basebenzisa amagama e-bream ne-bream, kodwa abakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo obuzwe yibo phakathi nengxoxo, uyini umehluko. Eqinisweni, yonke into ilula kakhulu, i-scavenger iyi-bream efanayo, kodwa ayivuthiwe.

Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwe-Abramis brama emanzini afudumele ahlala kuyo kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, nasemanzini abandayo ngemva kokufika eminyakeni engu-6-9. Ngaphambi kokufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala kanye nokuthomba, abantu banesisindo somzimba ebangeni lika-0,5-1 kg, kanti ubude bomzimba abukho ngaphezu kwama-35 cm, kungenxa yezici ezinjalo ukuthi inhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi i-scavenger.

Izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo ze-scavenger kusuka ku-bream:

• Umbala womzimba;
• Ubukhulu nesisindo somuntu;
• Ukuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila.

Umthunzi wombala we-bream yabantu abadala uhlala umnyama ngombala, futhi owe-bream uhlala esiliva. Ubukhulu be-bream abudluli ku-35 cm futhi bulinganisa u-1 kg, umzimba ude futhi awusindilinga njengalowo we-bream. I-scavenger, ngokungafani nesihlobo esikhulile, inamathela ezindaweni ezingajulile zechibi elinamanzi afudumele kahle. I-bream ihola indlela yokuphila egelezayo, futhi i-bream ikhetha ukuduka ibe ngamaqembu abhanqiwe, indawo yokuhlala okuyizingxenye ezijulile zomfula noma ichibi.

Izindawo zokuhlala e-Abramis brama, ukusatshalaliswa

Isithombe: www.easytravelling.ru

Kulezo zindawo lapho kutholakala khona i-bream, cishe kuhlale kukhona phansi okunesihlabathi noma okunodaka, lawa amachibi, imifula namadamu aseNyakatho neYurophu Ephakathi. Itholakala kunethiwekhi yamadamu namachibi olwandle olulandelayo:

• i-Baltic;
• Azov;
• Mnyama;
• ICaspian;
• Enyakatho;
• I-Aral.

Ngama-30s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-ichthyologists ye-Motherland yethu yakwazi ukujwayela i-bream emifuleni yaseSiberia, emachibini ase-Ural naseLake Balkhash. Ngenxa yeziteshi eziphakathi kwe-Northern Dvina nohlelo lweVolga, i-bream ithole inani labantu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Insimu yaseTranscaucasia isiphinde yaba yindawo yokuhlala ka-Abramis brama, kodwa kule ndawo inabantu abambalwa futhi ingeyezinhlobo ezingavamile, ingatholakala kumachibi alandelayo:

• Ichibi Paleostoma;
• I-Lenkorans;
• I-Mingachevir reservoir.

Ukudla kwe-Bream

Isithombe: www.fishingsib.ru

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, i-bream inesakhiwo somlomo esikhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zikwazi ukudla kusukela ngaphansi kwechibi, ngisho noma limbozwe udaka noma uhlaza oluningi. Imihlambi eminingi ye-Abramis brama ngesikhathi esifushane iyakwazi “ukugwaza” izingxenye ezinkulu ezingaphansi kwechibi lapho ifuna ukudla. Ngokombono wabadobi abanolwazi, ukuze uthole umhlambi we-bream enkulu yokudla endaweni yechibi, kuyadingeka ukuthola ama-bubbles emoyeni ebalekela phezulu, akhuphuka phansi, akhululwe ogwini ngokudla izinhlanzi.

Isakhiwo esikhethekile samazinyo e-pharyngeal senze izinguquko ekudleni kuka-Abramis brama, kwakusekelwe kulokhu:

• izimila zasolwandle;
• iminenke nama-invertebrates amancane e-benthic;
• umbungu wegazi;
• umenzi wamapayipi;
• amagobolondo asolwandle.

Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, i-bream, "njenge-vacuum cleaner", incela ingxube yamanzi kanye ne-silt emgodini womlomo, futhi ukukhula kwe-pharyngeal kusiza ukugcina i-benthos, eyithanda kakhulu. Inhlanzi iyayihlukanisa namanzi ngaphambi kokuyikhipha ngama-gill. Ikhono elinjalo lomzimba lika-Abramis brama lamvumela ukuba abe umholi ngokwenani labantu phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zomdabu ezihlala eduze kwakhe.

Engxenyeni yesibili yobusika, emanzini anokushisa okuphansi kakhulu okungenzeka futhi ahlanganiswe ngokweqile ngamagesi ahlakazekile kuwo, inhlanzi ayikwazi ukusesha ngenkuthalo nokondla, ihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi lapho ukudla kukhudlwana, izinga lokushisa lamanzi elivamile lonyaka, izinhlanzi zidla kakhulu, ngemva kokufinyelela eminyakeni engu-10-15 ubudala, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukuzuza isisindo kuze kufike ku-9 kg nobude bomzimba. 0,8 m.

Ukukhiqiza

Isithombe: www.mirzhivotnye.ru

Ukuqala kokuvuthwa ngokocansi komuntu kuboniswa ukubonakala kwezitshalo ezithile ekhanda lezinhlanzi, futhi umbala womzimba ovela ku-silvery hue uphenduka amathoni amnyama. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlambi ngaphambi kokuzala kwenzeka ngamaqembu, umbandela wokwakheka kwawo ngokuyinhloko okuwumkhawulo weminyaka. Isikhathi sokuzala kanye nokuzala ku-Abramis brama asithathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezi-4 zichithwa ekuzaleni kweqembu elilodwa, isikhathi sokuzala sithonywa izinga lokushisa elizungezile. Indawo engashoni enezimila eziningi ikhethwa njengendawo yokubamba isenzakalo esibaluleke kangaka ekuphileni kwenhlanzi.

I-bream iyanda, ngoba enye inzalo insikazi izalela okungenani amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-140, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ozokwazi ukuphila ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuvamile kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile ngesikhathi sokubuya kwesithwathwa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elikwazi ukumelana ne-caviar okungenani liyi-11⁰ Nge, ku-t⁰ ngaphansi kwalombundu, amaqanda ayafa. Kakade ngemva kwesonto emva kokuzala, izibungu zezinhlanzi zivela emaqandeni, futhi ngemva kwamanye amasonto amathathu ziphinde zizalwe zibe yi-fry.

Kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele kuze kube isithwathwa sokuqala, ukuthosa kwe-Abramis brama kuhambisana nentsha ekhulayo yolunye uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ngendlela yemihlambi eminingi ehamba ngenkuthalo echibini ifuna ukudla. Izilwane ezincane ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika ezindaweni ezinokudla okuningi zikwazi ukuzuza isisindo nobude bomzimba okungenani obuyi-12 cm.

Abantu abakhulayo banamathela ezindaweni zokuzala kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukuncibilika kwentwasahlobo futhi bakushiye kuphela ngemuva kokufika kokushisa. Abantu abakhulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, sebeqede umsebenzi wabo omuhle, bagibela emigodini, futhi ngemva kokubuyela esimweni sabo esivamile, baqala ukudla ngenkuthalo.

Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwe-Abramis brama, amathuba okusinda esigabeni sokuqala ekuthoseni okukhulayo makhulu kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Izitha ezibaluleke kakhulu ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ku-bream yi-pike, i-pike perch kanye ne-perch enkulu. I-bream ekhule yafinyelela eminyakeni emi-3 ingalinyazwa yi-pike ne-catfish efanayo.

i-black bream

Isithombe: www.web-zoopark.ru

I-Amur black bream (Megalobrama terminalis) ithole indawo yokuhlala eRussia, ikakhulukazi endaweni yase-Amur. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, iyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka eyi-10 futhi ibe nesisindo esingu-3,1 kg ngobude bomzimba obungaphezu kuka-0,5 m. Izimo ezivumayo ikakhulukazi zokwandisa inani labantu baseMegalobrama terminalis ziye zathuthuka engxenyeni yaseShayina yomfula i-Amur. Inani labantu likhulu kangangokuthi liye lavumela amaqembu endawo abadobi ukuba abambe iqhaza elibanjwe yizimboni.

Ensimini yaseRussia, lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa njengengozi yokushabalala; iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, ukubanjwa kwezentengiselwano kwe-Amur bream akuzange kwenziwe. Ukuze kwandiswe inani labantu, i-ichthyologists yenza ukukhiqizwa kokufakelwa kanye nokugcwaliswa kwayo.