I-caecum (kusuka kwelesiLatini elithi cæcum intestinum, ithumbu eliyimpumputhe) iyisitho somgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ihambisana nengxenye yokuqala yekholoni, ebizwa nangokuthi ithumbu elikhulu.

Indawo. I-cecum itholakala ku-iliac fossa efanele ezingeni lesisu esingaphansi, nangemuva kodonga lwangaphambili lwesisu. (1)

Ukwakheka. Ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu ekoloni, i-caecum ilandela i-ileum, ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amancane. Umlomo we-ileum ku-caecum uqukethe i-ileo-caecal valve kanye ne-sphincter ewugqinsi futhi yakha i-ileo-caecal angle. Iqeda ku-cul-de-sac, i-caecum ingu-6 kuya ku-8 cm ububanzi. Inesandiso se-atrophied ngaphansi kwe-orifice ye-ileum, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-appendix ye-vermicular.

I-cecum ne-appendix yenziwe ngama-tunics angu-4, izendlalelo ezingaphezulu:

• i-serosa, eyakha ulwelwesi olungaphandle futhi oluhambisana ne-visceral peritoneum
• i-muscular, eyakhiwe ngama-longitudinal muscle bands
• i-submucosa
• amafinyila

I-Vascularization ne-innervation. Konke kuhlanganiswe imithambo ye-cecal kanye ne-appendicular futhi ayivalwa yimizwa evela ku-solar plexus kanye ne-plexus ephakeme ye-mesenteric.

Ukumuncwa kwamanzi nama-electrolyte. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cecum ukumunca amanzi kanye nama-electrolyte asekhona ngemva kokugaya nokumuncwa, okwenziwa emathunjini amancane (2).

Indima yokuvimbela. I-valve ye-ileocecal ne-sphincter ngokuvamile isiza ukuvimbela izinto ukuthi zingabuyeli ku-ileum. Lesi sithiyo sendlela eyodwa sibalulekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamathumbu amancane ngamabhaktheriya akhona kukholoni (3).

I-Typhlite. Ihambisana nokuvuvukala kwe-cecum futhi ibonakaliswa ubuhlungu besisu obuhambisana nesifo sohudo. Le pathology ivame ukuvela ezigulini ezingenayo i-immunocompromised. (4)

I-Appendicitis. Kubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-appendix, kubonakala njengobuhlungu obukhulu futhi kufanele belashwe ngokushesha.

Volvulus uyimpumputhe. Ihambisana nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-cecum ngenxa ye-hypermobility yakamuva. Izimpawu zingase zibe ubuhlungu besisu namajaqamba, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukuhlanza.

Izicubu. Umdlavuza wamakholoni ikakhulukazi uvela esimila esiyingozi, esibizwa ngokuthi i-adenomatous polyp, esingakhula sibe isimila esiyingozi (4) (5). Lezi zimila zingakhula ikakhulukazi kumaseli odonga lwangaphakathi lwe-cecum.

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungase kunqunywe njengama-analgesics, laxatives noma ngisho namafutha okugcoba.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology kanye nenqubekelaphambili yayo, ukwelashwa kungenziwa njengokukhishwa kwekholoni (colectomy).

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy noma ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Lezi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuqala kobuhlungu kuqala ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuhlola izici zobuhlungu kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nendle kungenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa njenge-ultrasound, i-CT scan noma i-MRI.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Endoscopic. I-colonoscopy ingenziwa ukuze kufundwe izindonga zekholoni.

Umumo we-caecum uhlanganiswe ne-cul-de-sac, yingakho umsuka wayo wesiLatini: impumputhe, amathumbu angaboni (6).