Okuqukethwe
Ngokwezibalo ze-INSEE, ezweni laseFrance, ngo-2011, izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-1,5 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 zazihlala emkhayeni wokutholwa (noma u-11% wezingane ezincane). Ngo-2011 babekhona Imindeni engama-720 ehlanganisiwe, imindeni lapho izingane kungezona zonke ezalo mbhangqwana wamanje. Uma kunzima ukulinganisa inani lemindeni ehlanganisiwe eFrance, ehlala ikhula, kuqinisekile ukuthi le mindeni manje iyingxenye ebalulekile yomndeni.
Ngakho-ke, umbuzo we-patrimony uphakama, ikakhulukazi njengoba ungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunomndeni okuthiwa "wendabuko", okungukuthi owakhiwe ngabazali bobabili futhi ngaphandle kwabafowabo nodadewabo.
Umndeni ohlanganisiwe ungahlanganisa kanjalo izingane ezivela embhedeni wokuqala, izingane ezivela kunyunyana yesibili (ngakho-ke abangabafowabo ngamzali munye nodadewabo bomunye wabokuqala), labantwana bavuswe ndawonye ngaphandle kwegazi; laba kungabantwana bomngane womshado omusha womunye wabazali, abavela kunyunyana yangaphambili.
Ukulandelana: kuhlelwe kanjani phakathi kwezingane zezinyunyana ezahlukene?
Kusukela ngomthetho wangomhla zi-3 kuZibandlela wezi-2001, awusekho umehluko ekuphathweni kwezingane ezizalwa ngaphandle komshado nezizalwa ngaphandle komshado, eziphuma emshadweni wangaphambili noma ngokuphinga. Ngakho-ke, izingane noma izizukulwane zabo zilandela uyise nonina noma ezinye izizukulwane, ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa ngobulili noma i-primogeniture, ngisho noma zivela ezinyunyaneni ezihlukene.
Lapho uvula ifa lomzali oyedwa, zonke izingane zomzali wokugcina kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela efanayo. Ngakho-ke bonke bazozuza emalungelweni afanayo amafa.
Umndeni ohlanganisiwe: kwenzeka kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla lapho kushona omunye wabazali?
Ake sithathe i-hypothesis elula futhi evamile yombhangqwana oshadile ngaphandle kwenkontileka yomshado, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kombuso womphakathi wehliselwa ekuthathweni. Ubunikazi bomlingani oshonile bube senziwa yiyo yonke impahla yakhe kanye nengxenye yempahla evamile. Eqinisweni, impahla yomngane womshado osaphila kanye nengxenye yakhe yempahla evamile kuhlala kuyimpahla ephelele yalo mlingani.
Umngane womshado osaphila ungomunye wezindlalifa efeni lomlingani wakhe, kodwa uma ingekho incwadi yefa, isabelo sakhe sincike kwezinye izindlalifa ezikhona. Lapho kukhona izingane ezivela embhedeni wokuqala, umngane womshado osaphila uthola ingxenye yesine yempahla kamufi ngobunikazi obugcwele.
Qaphela ukuthi nakuba kungenzeka ukuphuca umlingani womshado osaphila noma yimaphi amalungelo efa ngencwadi yefa, akunakwenzeka e-France ukukhipha ingane njengefa. Izingane zinekhwalithi ngempelaizindlalifa ezibekelwe : kuhloswe ngakho uthole okungenani ingxenye encane yefa, ebizwa ngokuthi “Indawo".
Inani lendawo ebekiwe:
- – ingxenye yempahla kamufi kukhona ingane;
- -izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu phambi kwezingane ezimbili;
- -kanye nengxenye yesithathu phambi kwezingane ezintathu noma ngaphezulu (isihloko 913 se-Civil Code).
Qaphela futhi ukuthi ukulandelana kuncike ohlotsheni lwenkontileka yomshado okungenwe kulo, nokuthi uma ungekho umshado noma amalungiselelo akhethekile okuvikela umlingani wakhe osaphila, lonke ifa lomuntu oshonile liya ezinganeni zakhe.
Umndeni ohlanganisiwe kanye nefa: ukuthatha ingane yomngane womshado ukuze imnike amalungelo
Emindenini exubile, kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi izingane zomlingani oyedwa zikhuliswe njengezazo noma cishe ngomunye umlingani. Nokho, ngaphandle uma kwenziwe amalungiselelo, yizingane eziqashelwa umngane womshado oshonile kuphela ezizothola ifa. Ngakho-ke izingane zomngane womshado osaphila azifakwa ohlwini lokulandelana.
Ngakho-ke, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zomlingani womuntu ziphathwa njengezingane zakhe ngesikhathi sokulandelana. Isixazululo esikhulu ukukwamukela, ngokuthumela isicelo ku-tribunal de grande example. Ngokutholwa okulula, okungasusi i-filiation yasekuqaleni, izingane ngaleyo ndlela ezitholwa usingayise noma usingamama zizozuza ifa lazo kanye nomndeni wazo wemvelo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zentela. Ingane yomngane womshado osaphila owamukelwa ngaleyo ndlela izozuza emalungelweni afanayo efa njengabafowabo nodadewabo ngamzali munye, okubangelwa ubuhlobo phakathi kukasingamzali wakhe nomzali wakhe.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo lokunikela, ukwabelana ngomnikelo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunikeza ingxenye yefa elivamile lombhangqwana kubantwana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangobani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bavamile noma cha. Kuyisixazululo sokulinganisa ifa.
Kuzo zonke izimo, abazali abahlala emndenini oxubile batuswa ngokuqinile ukuba bacabangele indaba yefa labo, kungani kungenjalo ngokubonisana nommeli olungisa izivumelwano, ukuze bavune izingane zabo noma cha, abashade nabo, noma izingane zomlingani wabo womshado. . Noma ubeke wonke umuntu endaweni elinganayo.