Izinhlanzi ezimnyama: isithombe nencazelo, lapho ungathola khona, indlela yokubamba

I-Bleak - inhlanzi encane ingeyomndeni we-carp futhi ihola indlela yokuphila ye-pelagic ezingqimbeni ezihlukahlukene zamanzi, amachibi ahlukahlukene. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luhlukaniswa uhlobo lwalo lwegama elifanayo, elihlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo eziseduze. I-Bleak, ngaphezu kwegama layo eliyinhloko, inenani labanye, njenge-perch, sebel, silyavka, buckle, shakleya, top melter.

Igama lenhlanzi elingalungile

Abantu abaningi badida okufiphele namagama ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, okungenzeka ngenxa yokungazi. I-bleak ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi:

• I-Chebak, igama libhekisela ku-roach yaseSiberia.
• I-Sprats, kodwa empeleni i-Black Sea noma i-Baltic sprat.
• Amehlo amhlophe, kodwa empeleni okuthiwa i-sapu fish.
• ukulimaza. Leli gama liqanjwe inhlanzi ebabayo.
• I-Bystryanka, ehlala emifuleni enamanzi ahlanzekile, anomoya-mpilo.
• I-Verkhovka, empeleni ebizwa ngokuthi i-oatmeal.

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ukufiphala, iziqongo nokuzila ukudla okufanayo komunye nomunye uma wazi inani lezilinganiso endaweni yomugqa we-lateral: 52-55, 12-14 no-44-50. Kunenombolo yezinye izimpawu ezihlobene nosayizi, ukuziphatha kanye nezinye izici lezi zinhlanzi ezingahlukaniswa ngazo.

Okufiphele: incazelo

I-Bleak inhlanzi encane enomjikelezo wempilo emfushane, iminyaka engu-5-6 kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu omndeni we-carp, njenge-crucian carp, engaphila iminyaka engu-12, i-roach enomjikelezo wokuphila ofika eminyakeni engu-20. , carp, ephila iminyaka engaba ngu-35. Ubude obukhulu bobumnyama bungaba ngu-15 cm, nesisindo esingekho ngaphezu kwamagremu angu-60. Nakuba ezingavamile, ezinkulu, indondo abantu ngabanye atholakala, nesisindo 100 amagremu futhi kufika ku-20 cm ubude. Izici ezilandelayo zibhekwa njengezici zokufiphala:

• Umzimba awuphakeme, kodwa ude, unomhlane ocishe uqonde kanye nesisu esithe ukuconvezela.
• Umsila uphela ephikweni elikhulu elimnyama elinesikwe esijulile.
• Izinhlangothi zobumnyama zicindezelwe kakhulu.
• Izikali zale nhlanzi zinombala wensimbi nesibuko esiphelele.
• Ingemuva linombala ompunga-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala womnqumo.
• Isisu silula.
• Amaphiko ahlukaniswa nge-ashy noma umbala ophuzi ophuzi.

Isici sesici sokufiphala ukuthi izikali zayo zisuswa kalula lapho zithinta indawo eqinile. Ngakho-ke, akunzima ukuhlanza le nhlanzi, kwanele ukuyigaya ngosawoti esitsheni esikhulu.

Izinhlanzi ze-Pelagic zinohlelo lombala lwakudala lweziqongo ezimnyama neziphansi ezikhanyayo ukuze zizivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye eziphansi nezinyoni ezimweni ezikhanyayo.

Ukuphila

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, kufiphele (sebel) kuhlala ekujuleni okungafika ku-70 cm ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Ihola umhlambi wezilwane, ngakho izulazula echibini inemihlambi emikhulu ifuna ukudla. Ezimweni lapho izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye zitholakala echibini, okumnyama kwakha imihlambi emincane engabonakali kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi ekwazi ukulawuleka kalula. Nakuba inhlanzi ingenkulu, inokusebenza okuhle kwe-sprint, okuyivumela ukuba iphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kangaka.

Ubumnyama bukhetha izindawo ezihlanzekile nezijulile ukuze ubalekele ngokushesha ekuhlaselweni kwesilwane esizingelayo. Ngakho-ke, obumnyama abathandi izindawo ezigcwele uhlaza lwasemanzini, okuyisithiyo ekunyakazeni ngokushesha kwale nhlanzi.

Ukuze izitholele ukudla, ubumnyama bukhuphuka busondele eduze kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, lapho lubamba khona izinambuzane empukaneni noma luzame ukuziwisa phansi ngesifutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ugxumela phezulu ephuma emanzini. Uziphatha ngendlela efanayo ngezinsuku eziguqubele, lapho imihlambi yama-midges nezinye izinambuzane indizela khona kanye ebusweni bamanzi ngenxa yamaphiko asindayo asuka kumswakama. Lapho, ngesizathu esithile, izinambuzane zizithola zisemanzini, ngokushesha ziba ukudla, kokubili kokufiphala kanye nezinye izinhlanzi. Ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sangempela, okumnyama (sebel) kuhamba ekujuleni okukhulu. Ebusika, okumnyama kusesimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe futhi kulindela amakhaza emigodini yasebusika eduze kwabanye abameleli be-cyprinids. Kulesi simo, kuze kufike iphuzu elibandayo.

habitat

Le nhlanzi encane ihlala cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yamanzi, ehlukaniswa ukungabi khona kwezihlahla eziqinile zezitshalo, kanye nokuba khona komsinga obuthakathaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyakwazi ukuhlala emanzini anezimo ezihlukene zokushisa. Uzizwa emuhle emachibini anamanzi afudumele nabandayo.

Imifula ephansi ephansi ihlangabezana nazo zonke izimo lapho i-sebel izizwa ikhululekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhange athambile kanye nesiteshi esiphendukayo kufanele kube khona endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Ayikhululekile ukuba mnyama lapho amanzi engagcwele umoya-mpilo, futhi kunolwelwe oluningi oluntantayo echibini. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, ubumnyama ngeke butholakale emachibini noma emachibini anamanzi amile.

Ukudla okufiphele

Ubumnyama ikakhulukazi budla i-zooplankton, ehamba kukholomu yamanzi futhi ehlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwezithako eziyinhloko zokudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okumnyama kungase kudle ezinye izinambuzane ezihamba eduze kwamanzi, phezu kwamanzi, noma zizithole zisemanzini ngemva kokuwa ohlazeni. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kungaba:

• Omiyane, izimpukane, ama-midges.
• I-Dolgonozhki, i-mokritsy, igagasi.
• Izimvemvane, ama-papillon, amabhubesi.
• Abadla isiqu, ama-phorid, ama-tahini.

Lapho ama-mayflies endiza ngobuningi, ubumnyama budla lezi zinambuzane kuphela. Le nhlanzi encane ingadla nokudla kwezitshalo okulethwa yi-current, kanye ne-algae, nakuba ngamanani amancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubumnyama akwenqabi isiheho esinikelwa kuso, ngendlela yenhlama, i-dung worm, i-bloodworm noma impethu.

Ukuzala okufiphele kanjani

Lapho ifinyelela ubude obungaba ngu-5-7 cm, okungenzeka ngonyaka we-2 noma wesi-3 wokuphila, le nhlanzi ivuthwa ngokocansi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphukela ku-+ 15-17 degrees, ukufiphala kuqala ukuzala ekujuleni okungajulile, ngamaqoqo amaningana (cishe ama-4). I-clutch ngayinye ingaba namaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-5. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esifudumele esimisiwe, ukuzala kungaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lapho intwasahlobo ibanda futhi ithatha isikhathi eside, ukuzala kungathatha inyanga, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.

I-Bleak iyanda kakhulu, njengoba kunamaqanda angaba ngu-350 igremu ngalinye lesisindo. Amaqanda anamathele impela, ngakho-ke agcinwe ngokuvikelekile ezitshalweni, kuma-snags nakunoma yisiphi esinye isisekelo esiqinile. Amaqanda, kuye ngezimo zezulu, akhula isikhathi esingangezinsuku eziyi-7. Ngemva kokuzalwa, izinhlanzi zithosa zibe yimihlambi futhi ziqala ukudla nge-plankton. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, okumnyama kungakhula kuze kufike ku-5 cm, kuzuza isisindo esingamagremu angu-8.

Izinhlobo zokufiphala

I-Azov-Black Sea shemaya ibhekwa njengesihlobo esiseduze sobumnyama. I-Shemaya ikhula ngobude ifike ku-35 cm futhi ithola isisindo kuze kufike ku-800 amagremu. Njengomthetho, kukhona abantu abanesisindo esingaphezu kuka-200 amagremu ekubanjweni. I-Shemaya yathola igama layo ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Lihunyushwa lisuka ePheresiya, elithi shemaya inhlanzi yasebukhosini. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi zasebukhosini ihlanganisa imifula eyingxenye yemigodi yoLwandle Olumnyama, i-Azov neCaspian, kanye nezindawo zasolwandle ezinosawoti omncane zalezi zilwandle ezifanayo. Ukudla kwe-shemai kuhlanganisa izinambuzane, i-zooplankton, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane, nakuba ngezinga elincane. Ukubonakala kwe-shemai cishe akufani nokufiphala, ngaphandle kobukhulu, umzimba obanzi nombala osawolintshi we-pectoral fins.

Izindlela zokubamba ezimnyama

Njengoba i-bleak (sebel) ingahluka ngobukhulu obubalulekile, ngakho-ke ukuze uyibambe udinga ukubhekana ne-float elula enomugqa wokudoba onobubanzi obungu-0,14-0,16 mm kanye ne-leash enobukhulu obuyi-0,1 kuya. 0,12 mm. Ngenxa yemibandela yokudoba, akudingekile ukusebenzisa umholi omncane, nakuba kungenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle komholi nhlobo. Ngokwemvelo, uzodinga ukuntanta okulula nokuzwelayo, njengophaphe lwehansi, olunesisindo esingaphezu kuka-3 amagremu. Izingwegwe zizophinde zisetshenziswe ezincane kakhulu, zingabi ngaphezu kuka-No. 16-20 esikalini samazwe ngamazwe. Njenge-bait, ungasebenzisa i-bloodworm, impethu noma i-dung worm, hhayi izingcezu ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile ukujula kusethelwe cishe ku-10 cm (okungenani), njengoba i-sebel ikhetha ukondla cishe ebusweni bamanzi. Okumnyama kungabanjwa nezimpukane noma izinti eziphothayo kusetshenziswa impukane noma i-mayfly njengesiyengo.

Ukubanjwa kumnyama kungabekwa ekhaya ku-aquarium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufiphala kungasebenza njengesiyengo esihle kakhulu sokubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, ngoba kuyadingeka ekudleni kwanoma iyiphi inhlanzi edla inyama.

Idatha ye-gastronomic yale nhlanzi encane idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Uma wenza ukudla okusemathinini kuwo utamatisi noma amafutha, khona-ke lokhu kuyisidlo sangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabhenywa, omisiwe, okuthosiwe, okuthosiwe, njll. Ngamanye amazwi, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, ungapheka noma yisiphi isidlo kuso.

Ukubamba okumnyama ngenduku yokuntanta kuwumbono omangalisayo njengoba ukulunywa kulandelana. Uma ubamba le nhlanzi ngamabomu, awusoze wasala ngaphandle kokubamba. Ngehora ungabamba amakhulu ezinhlanzi, lapho ungathola khona injabulo enkulu.