Ukuntanta okumnyama (Amanita Pachycolea)
- Isigaba: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu: I-Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Ikilasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Isigaba esingaphansi: I-Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- I-oda: I-Agaricales (i-Agaric noma i-Lamellar)
- Umndeni: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae)
- Uhlobo: Amanita (Amanita)
- I-Subgenus: Amanitopsis (Float)
- Uhlobo: I-Amanita Pachycolea (intanta emnyama)
Fly i-agaric emnyama
Isihloko samanje:
Amanita pachycolea DE Stuntz, Mycotaxon 15: 158 (1982)
Ukuntanta okumnyama (Black fly agaric) – ngempela inkosi phakathi ezintantayo. Ingakhula ibe amasentimitha angu-25 ubude, ibe nesigqoko esingamasentimitha angu-15 noma ngaphezulu ububanzi. Uma kungenjalo, ayihlukani kakhulu nezihlobo zayo eziseduze: i-Volvo, ukungabikho kwendandatho esiqwini, unqenqema olunezimbambo lwe-cap, ikakhulukazi lapho usukhulile.
Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula ukuntanta okumnyama kwezinye izinto ezintantayo, ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-grey float, ngombala nosayizi.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuntanta, ebusheni bokuqala, isikhunta siyinto ebukeka "njengeqanda": umbungu wesikhunta ukhula ngaphakathi kwegobolondo (okubizwa ngokuthi "ikhava elivamile"), eliqhuma futhi lihlale phansi kwegobolondo. ukhunta ngendlela yesikhwama esingenalutho esibizwa ngokuthi “volva” .
Isithombe "sombungu" we-Amanita pachycolea, lapha iVolvo ayikaqhumi:
ikhanda: 7-12 (kufika ku-18) amasentimitha kumakhowe amadala, ekuqaleni ayi-convex noma acishe amise okwensimbi, anobudala - abanzi kakhulu noma ayisicaba, ngezinye izikhathi ane-tubercle emaphakathi, kuma-specimens amancane - anamathele. Umbala onsundu omnyama, onsundu kuya kumnyama kumasampula amancane, ulula ngokukhula, imiphetho ikhanya kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izindawo ezicacile ezigxile zingahlukaniswa. Ubuso be-cap bushelelezi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kuyaqabukela, kungase kube namachashazi amhlophe ayi-convex ebusweni be-cap - lezi yizinsalela zeveli evamile. Unqenqema lwekepisi kukhowe elidala "libanjwe" cishe ingxenye yesithathu (30-40% yerediyasi). Inyama esesigqokweni imhlophe, mncane impela emaphethelweni, ugqinsi ngenhla kwesiqu, ugqinsi luka-5-10 mm.
amapuleti: Mahhala. Kaningi, enamapuleti amaningi. Okumhlophe, okumhlophe-mpunga, kuba mnyama ngokukhula kuya kokunsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma okuwolintshi, okunonqenqema olumnyama.
Leg: 10-25 cm ubude, kufika ku-3 cm ubukhulu, bushelelezi noma ngokulinganayo tapering ngasesiqongweni, ngaphandle kokuqina ngezansi. Ingase ibe bushelelezi noma ibe noboya obuncane, ngokuvamile ibe nama-fibrils acindezelwe noma ama-scaly fibrils. Okumhlophe, okumhlophe ukuya ku-olive-ophuzi, ngezinye izikhathi kunsundu okumnyama kuya ku-orange-brown. Yomile, isilika kancane uma uyithinta. I-pulp emlenzeni imhlophe, ikhululekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nendawo, ngokukhula umlenze uba yizigodi.
ring: Akukho.
Volvo: I-Saccular, inkulu kakhulu, izwakale, enemiphetho emagebhugebhu engalingani. I-Volvo pulp efinyelela ku-5 mm ubukhulu, emhlophe ebusweni obungaphakathi, kusukela kokumhlophe kuya kokumhlophe okucwebezelayo, ngobudala, amabala okugqwala avela ngaphandle, kusukela kunsundu kuya kokuphuzi ngokunsundu. I-Volva iphakama ngo-80 mm ukusuka esisekelweni sesiqu ukuya phezulu “kwensingo” ephakeme kakhulu futhi iwa ngokukhula.
Umtfumbu: emhlophe, ayishintshi umbala uma isikiwe. Inkambo yezibungu ingase ibe nombala ompunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
iphunga: iqulekile, icishe ingabonakali.
i-spore powder: mhlophe.
Ngaphansi kwe-microscope: izinhlamvu ezingu-9-14 * 9-12 microns, ezibushelelezi, ezingenambala, eziyindilinga noma eziphansi kancane, hhayi ezinesitashi. I-Basidia inezinhlamvu ezine.
Yakha i-mycorrhiza ngezihlahla ze-coniferous, ingakhula kokubili emahlathini ama-coniferous nahlanganisiwe.
Ikhula iyodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane, ivela maphakathi nekwindla kuya ebusika (idatha yogu olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika).
Okuphawulwe ngokusemthethweni kwesikhunta eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCanada, enyakatho yeCalifornia, kunemibiko yokutholwa ogwini lwasePacific ezifundazweni zase-Oregon naseWashington, kanye naseBritish Columbia. Ayikho idatha yamanye amazwe okwamanje, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi i-Black Fly Agaric ayikwazi ukukhula ndawana thize kwezinye izindawo emhlabeni.
Imephu enamakiwe atholakele abhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni, kusukela ekwindla ka-2021 (isithombe-skrini esivela ku-mushroomobserver.org):
Ngokunokwenzeka, i-Black float yayingase ilethwe kakade eMpumalanga Ekude.
Alukho ulwazi oluthembekile oluvela emithonjeni ekhulumayo. Zonke izinto ezintantayo zibhekwa njengamakhowe adliwayo ngokwemibandela, kodwa awavamile ukuvunwa. Abacosheli bamakhowe abangenalwazi bayesaba ukudida iflothi nempukane ethile enobuthi ye-agaric noma igrebe ephaphathekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mushroom ibuthakathaka kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyihambisa.
Ukuntanta okumpunga (Amanita vaginata)
I-analogue eseduze, esatshalaliswa kabanzi Ezweni Lethu nasemazweni aseYurophu, i-Grey Float, encane kakhulu, isigqoko silula, asikwazi ukukhula kuphela ngama-conifers, kodwa futhi emahlathini amaqabunga nasezindaweni ezivulekile.
Lokhu okuthunyelwe kusebenzisa izithombe ezisuka ku-Michael Kuo kanye nezisuka kuwebhu. Isayithi lidinga izithombe zalolu hlobo.