Igumbi le-Begonia

Ukuhlukahluka kwe-begonias kuyamangaza: izazi zezitshalo zinezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1600, futhi inani lezilimo ezikhona manje kanye nama-hybrids azikwazi ukubalwa nhlobo (1). Indawo eyinhloko ye-begonias endle amahlathi emvula aseNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika, kanye nezintaba zase-Asia.

Abameleli bokuqala balolu hlobo bachazwa yindela yaseFrance engumhloli wamazwe uCharles Plumier ngesikhathi sohambo oluya eziqhingini zase-Antilles. Umgqugquzeli walolu hambo kwakunguMichel Begon, umphathi wemikhumbi yaseFrance eMarseilles, uPlumier aqamba ngaye uhlobo olusha lwesitshalo ayesitholile.

Ngokwesiko, i-begonia ikhule kusukela ngekhulu lesi-2, ukuvela kwezinhlobo zokuqala ze-hybrid nakho kungokwesikhathi esifanayo. Akukhona kuphela ngaphakathi endlini, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo zasengadini ze-begonias ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile (XNUMX).

Izinhlobo zegumbi begonia

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani lezinhlobo, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-begonia zikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kunzima ngisho nakochwepheshe (2). Ngokwemvelo yokukhula kwengxenye yasemoyeni, izinhlobo ze-begonia zingahlukaniswa zibe herbaceous, i-semi-shrubs kanye ne-liana-shaped (ampelous). Ngokwezici zokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezimpande - ibe yi-rhizomatous ne-tuberous. Ngezakhiwo zokuhlobisa - zibe amaqabunga aqhakazayo nakuhlobisa (3). Kuyacaca ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubala zonke izinhlobo ze-begonia zasendlini lapha, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukukhuluma kuphela ezivame kakhulu.

amaqabunga okuhlobisa

I-Begonia yasebukhosini (Begonia rex). Buka ngamaqabunga anomumo omise okwenhliziyo ongajwayelekile noma asontekile esisekelweni ngendlela "yomnenke", enqunu noma ephuphuke kancane. Ngobude besitshalo obujwayelekile obungu-40 - 50 cm, ipuleti leqabunga lingaba ngu-30 cm ubude futhi lifinyelele ku-20 cm ububanzi, kodwa izinhlobo ezihlangene kakhulu zale begonia zithandwa phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali. Iphalethi lombala lamaqabunga e-royal begonia likhulu: lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zezinguquko zamathoni aluhlaza, abomvu, onsomi, ansundu ngisho nesiliva, kunezinhlobo ze-begonia ezinamacembe acishe abe mnyama, anamachashaza, anemingcele. Ukuqhakaza kwale begonia akubonakali.

Izinhlobo ezidumile:

• Jabulela Ukhisimusi (Jabulela Ukhisimusi) - ngokushintsha okuthambile kwamathoni we-cherry, pink, emerald nesiliva;
• Ukukhanya Kwakusihlwa (Evening Glow) - phakathi kwamaqabunga abomvu okubomvu, ngasemaphethelweni umthunzi uphenduka ube yisiliva ngomngcele obomvu obomvu;
• I-Escargot (Escargot) - izinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile ezinokwakheka kweqabunga "lomnenke" oshiwo kakhulu, osontekile ngokuvunguza maqondana ne-petiole, umthunzi wamaqabunga uhluka kusuka eluhlaza obumnyama phakathi nendawo ngokusebenzisa umugqa wesiliva obanzi kuya ku-olive oluhlaza onqenqemeni;
• Haleluya (Haleluya) - amaqabunga anomumo ocijile ane-medium ebizwa ngokuthi "umnenke", umnyombo nomngcele weqabunga ubomvu-violet, phakathi kwabo iqabunga liluhlaza nge-silvery splashes;
• Inka Knight (Inca Night) - izinhlobonhlobo ezigqamile kakhulu ezinamacembe acijile ombala obomvu ocebile nomngcele onsundu omnyama kakhulu.

Begonia Bauera, or Tiger (Begonia bower). I-begonia ehlangene (efika ku-25 cm) enamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo ayindilinga anombala onamachashazi, anama-pubescence ohlangothini olungemuva futhi "izinwele" ezincane emaphethelweni. Amahlumela ayakhasa, ngakho lesi sitshalo singatshalwa ezimbizeni ezilengayo. Izimbali aziphawuleki.

Amabanga:

• Cleopatra (Cleopatra) - ngamaqabunga "amise okwenkanyezi" acijile anombala oluhlaza okotshani obunobukhazikhazi obubonakalayo ohlangothini olungaphandle, okunikeza ishidi ukukhanya kwesiliva;
• Tiger (Tiger) - amaqabunga ayindilinga, anemithambo emnyama emnyama kanye nezikhawu eziluhlaza okotshani, isitshalo sihlangene, amahlumela awavamile ukufinyelela ubude obungaphezu kuka-15 cm.

I-Begonia yensimbi (Begonia metallica). Amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo noma acijile ale begonia anombala oluhlaza ocebile onokukhanya “kwensimbi”. Uhlobo oluhlangene kakhulu lwe-begonia olunamahlumela angaba ngu-10 cm ubude.

I-Begonia ebomvu, noma i-Fista (Begonia erythrophylla). I-begonia “kagogo” yokubukeka okuphawuleka kakhulu enamaqabunga ayindilinga, abushelelezi noma ashwabene kancane acwebezelayo kuma-petioles aminyene. Uhlangothi olungemuva lwamaqabunga luyacwebezela, olumnyama olupinki noma olubomvu. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kufika ku-25 cm, ububanzi buvame ukuba bukhulu kunobude.

Ukuqhakaza

i-coral begonia (Begonia corallina). I-shrub-type begonia enkulu, efinyelela ubude obungama-90-100 cm. Amaqabunga ane-oval-point, aluhlaza, anamachashaza amancane okukhanya. Lolu hlobo lwe-begonia luqhakaza kahle ngezimbali ezincane ezipinki noma ezibomvu eziqoqweni ezilengelayo zama-inflorescence. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa, kunezinhlobonhlobo zale begonia enamaqabunga aluhlaza, isibonelo, UMongameli Carnot.

I-Begonia, i-evergreen (Begonia semperflorens). I-shrub efinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama enezimbali eziningi futhi ezinde kakhulu, ezimweni zekamelo zingahlala cishe unyaka wonke. Amaqabunga anobukhulu obuphakathi, ayindilinga, izimbali ziphindwe kabili, ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pink and red, ngezinye izikhathi ezimhlophe. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi nama-hybrids ale begonia, kukhona ahlangene anezimbali ezinkulu. Kunzima ukukhetha izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zale begonia ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zazo ezinkulu; ama-hybrids amasha avela ngokoqobo njalo ngonyaka.

begonia elatior, or Winter (Begonia x elatior). Lezi zitshalo ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngephutha njengezinhlobo ezihlukene, kodwa empeleni i-Elatior iyiqembu le-hybrid begonias yezinhlobo ezingacacile ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-begonias eziqhakazayo zingenye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali nabalimi, isici sayo esihlukanisayo yikhono lokuqhakaza ebusika. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esidala kungama-30 cm (kwesinye isikhathi kufika ku-40 cm), kwakha isihlahla esiminyene sokubukeka "kwe-bouquet". Izimbali zinosayizi ophakathi, kodwa ziningi kakhulu, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, ziyahlukahluka kusukela kokulula ukuya kokuphindwe kabili. I-shades yezimbali igqamile futhi ihlukahlukene, hhayi kuphela i-begonias enezimbali zamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ungathola izinhlobonhlobo ze-Elatior begonias ezinezimbali ezi-bicolor noma ezinemingcele.

i-ampelous begonia, or ilenga (Begonia pendula). Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, lokhu akulona uhlobo, kodwa igama elihlangene leqembu le-begonias elinamahlumela alengayo, atshalwa ezimbizeni nakubhasikidi abalenga. Imvamisa lezi yi-begonias ene-tuberous root system. I-Ampel begonias ihlukahluka kakhulu ekubunjweni nasethunzini lamaqabunga nezimbali, izimbali zivame ukuba mhlophe, zibomvu, zipinki futhi ziphuzi, ziconsa, ezitholakala ekugcineni kwamahlumela. Uchungechunge oluthakazelisayo oluhlukahlukene I-Cascade, okuhlanganisa izitshalo ezinezimbali ezimbili.

Ukunakekela igumbi begonia ekhaya

Ubunkimbinkimbi bokunakekela i-begonia bungahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni. Okulula kakhulu ukukhula i-royal begonia, i-Bauer begonia, i-begonia enamaqabunga abomvu, i-everflowering begonia ne-begonia elatior.

Ground

Umhlabathi we-begonias kufanele ube nomsoco, ukhululeke, ube nokusabela okuncane okune-asidi kanye nokungena kahle kwamanzi nomoya. Abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bakholelwa ukuthi izidingo zomhlabathi ziyahlukahluka ekuqhakazeni, ama-begonias ahlobisayo kanye nama-tuberous.

Lapho uthenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yezinhlobo zokuhlobisa nezincibilikayo, kungcono ukhethe eyodwa ekhethekile eyenzelwe ngqo i-begonias. Izitshalo eziqhakazayo nazo zingatshalwa kuwo, kepha kungcono ukubheka ukwakheka okukhethekile kwe-begonias eqhakaza noma ezinye izitshalo eziqhakazayo ezinezidingo ezifanayo nezici zenhlabathi. Nge-tuberous begonias, inhlabathi enomsoco yezitshalo zasendlini eziqhakazayo ifanelekile, lapho i-perlite noma i-vermiculite ingangezwa khona.

Lapho uthenga, naka ukwakheka kwengxube yenhlabathi: kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iqukethe i-biohumus, i-vermiculite, i-micro and macro elements.

Lighting

I-Begonia ikhetha ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okungashisa amaqabunga athambile. Kuma-begonias aqhakazayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlotshisiwe ezinamaqabunga anemibala egqamile, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyadingeka. I-Metallic, redleaf, ne-coral begonias ibekezelela umthunzi othile. Izici ze-Elatior begonias ziyathakazelisa: ziqhakaza kuphela ngemuva kokuthi amahora okukhanya ancishisiwe abe amahora ayi-9 - yingakho evame ukuqhakaza ngenkathi ebandayo. Ukuze ukuqhakaza kube isikhathi eside, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-buds kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi unganyakazi isitshalo - ushintsho ekukhanyeni (kuze kufike engeli yesigameko semisebe yokukhanya) kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimbali.

Umswakama

I-Begonia idinga umoya oswakeme ngokusesilinganisweni. Esikhathini esifudumele (uma kungekho ukushisa izinsuku eziningi), izinga lomswakama ekamelweni elingenawo umoya liyanele. Ebusika, umoya wasendlini uvame ukoma ngenxa yamadivayisi okushisa, ngakho-ke i-begonias idinga umswakama owengeziwe. Inketho engcono kakhulu yi-humidifier yegumbi. Uma ingatholakali, ibhodwe le-begonia lingafakwa ethreyini enobumba olumanzi olunwetshiwe, amatshe amatshe, ubulembu, isihlabathi, noma okunye okufanayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isitsha esibanzi, esiphansi samanzi sifanelekile, okumele sibekwe eduze kwebhodwe le-begonia.

Qaphela: ukufafaza i-begonias akukhuthazwa neze, lokhu kuholela emazingeni emaqabunga.

Ukunisela

Ukulungisa kahle ukuchelela kuwubunzima obukhulu ekunakekeleni i-begonia. Bathanda umswakama, kepha ukugcwala kwamanzi ngokushesha kuholela ekuboleni kwezimpande. Ukomisa ngokweqile nakho kuyingozi kubo, ngakho-ke ukugcina umswakama ofanele wenhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ehlobo, ama-begonias aniselwa kakhulu izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto, ekushiseni okukhulu akhulisa imvamisa, kepha hhayi umthamo wokunisela. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi ebhodweni kufanele yome, kodwa ingomi ngokuphelele (lokhu kungahlolwa ngokucwilisa umunwe wakho enhlabathini: ekujuleni okungajulile kufanele kakade kube manzi).

Ebusika, imvamisa kanye nevolumu yokunisela kuma-begonias amaningi cishe kuhhafu. Ku-Elatior begonias, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinga elijwayelekile lomswakama wenhlabathi liyagcinwa, futhi ngemva kokuqhakaza, ukuchelela kuyancishiswa ukuze inhlabathi yome cishe ngokuphelele, kodwa ingashisi ngokuphelele. I-Tuberous begonias enesikhathi esishiwo sokulala ebusika ayiniselwa nhlobo noma cishe. Lapho unisela i-tuber begonias, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi awawi ngqo ku-tuber.

Amanzi okunisela ama-begonias kufanele afudumele futhi ahlale ehlezi kahle. Uma amanzi ompompi endaweni yangakini equkethe i-lime eningi, lokhu kungaholela e-alkalization yenhlabathi ezimbizeni ze-begonia, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile wengeze amaconsi ambalwa e-citric acid emanzini okunisela.

Isikhathi esihle sokunisela i-begonia ekuseni. Esikhathini esifudumele, zinganiselwa kusihlwa, kodwa hhayi emini, ekushiseni.

I-Begonias izuza ngokuxegiswa kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokunisela - lokhu kuthuthukisa ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni. Noma yimaphi amanzi angena epanini akhishwa ngokushesha.

umquba

Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile we-liquid we-begonias - anokwakheka okulinganiselayo okulungele lesi sitshalo esithile. Ungasebenzisa futhi umanyolo owenzelwe izitshalo zasendlini ezinamahlamvu nezimbali ezihlobisa.

Ama-fertilizer anenani elikhulu le-nitrogen afaneleka kuphela kuma-begonias anamaqabunga okuhlobisa, ngoba afaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwenqwaba eluhlaza. I-begonias eqhakaza idinga izingoma ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ku-begonias eqhakazayo, ikakhulukazi i-Elatior, ungasebenzisa umanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside, njengamaphilisi noma izinti.

Ukudla

I-Begonias idla ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, kanye njalo emavikini angu-1, kusetshenziswa umanyolo owuketshezi kanye nokunisela. I-elatior begonias ingadliwa kancane kancane - izikhathi ezi-2 evikini eli-1. I-Begonias eqhakaza ebusika yondliwa ngalesi sikhathi ngemvamisa izikhathi ezi-3 ngenyanga, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukuphakelwa kuyamiswa.

Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-begonias, izincomo ezijwayelekile zingase zingahambelani nembali yakho ethile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqala ukugqoka okuphezulu ngomthamo we-1/2 walowo onconywayo. Ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen, i-begonias eqhakaza yakha amahlamvu amaningi, kepha amaqabunga awaboshiwe.

Ukuqhekeka, ukucwecwa kanye nokuwa kwamaqabunga anempilo, ukuqina ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukufa kwama-buds kungase kubonise ukuntuleka kwezakhi. Gada izitshalo zakho futhi ulungise imithamo kanye nezinhlelo zokuvundisa ngokusekelwe esimweni sazo.

Ukunciphisa

E-bush begonias, kunconywa ukuthi ucindezele iziqongo zamahlumela - lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe isihlahla esiluhlaza.

Izimbali ze-begonias zidinga ukunqunywa iziqu zezimbali ngemuva kokuqhakaza. I-elatior begonias ingena enkathini yokungalali ngemva kokuqhakaza, futhi abalimi abaningi bezimbali baprakthiza ukuthenwa okukhulu kwawo wonke amahlumela aqala kabusha ngemva kokuba isitshalo singene enkathini yokukhula.

Amahlumela amadala ezinhlobo eziningi ze-begonia avame ukungabi nalutho, alahlekelwe amaqabunga, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuwasusa.

Ngezinhloso zokuhlanzeka, amaqabunga omile nawonakele kanye namahlumela asuswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-begonias.

Ukukhiqizwa kwegumbi begonias ekhaya

Imbali ye-begonia isakazeka kalula ngemifino - ngokusikwa, ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngokususa iqabunga. Ungatshala i-begonias kusuka embewini, kepha imbewu yeqoqo lakho ngokuvamile ayifaneleki kulokhu: i-begonias enhle kakhulu ivame ukuba nemvelaphi eyingxubevange, kanti kuma-hybrids, izitshalo zamantombazane ezikhule zisuka embewini azizuzi izici zomzali.

Ukusika. Indlela elula futhi elula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ungasebenzisa imfucuza evela ku-begonia ukuthenwa okwenziwe entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Ukusika kungatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yehlumela, into eyinhloko ukuthi banama-node okungenani angu-2 - 3. Amaqabunga, ngaphandle kwalawo angenhla, ayasuswa, isiqu sifakwa engilazini yamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa futhi sigcinwe endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, i-begonia idluliselwa emhlabathini.

Ungakwazi baqede cuttings ngqo emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxenye engezansi yokusika iyimpuphu ngesikhuthazi sokwakheka kwezimpande (isibonelo, i-Kornevin), bese ukusika kufakwa ku-substrate emanzi. Isitsha simbozwa ngesikhwama noma ipulasitiki esobala futhi igcinwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo, ifaka umoya ngezikhathi ezithile futhi, uma kunesidingo, imanzise inhlabathi. Isibonakaliso sokuthi ukusika kumile izimpande ukubonakala kwamaqabunga amancane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ikhava iyasuswa, isitshalo sinakekelwa njengenjwayelo.

Ngokuhlukanisa. Yenzelwe i-bush ne-tuberous begonias, ingahlanganiswa nokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo. Ukuhlukaniswa kuyasiza ikakhulukazi ezimbalini ze-begonia esezikhule futhi eziguga, ezivuselelwa kanjalo.

Isitshalo sisuswa ngokucophelela ebhodweni, izimpande zihlanzwa phansi noma, uma kunesidingo, zigezwe kancane. I-rhizome isikwa ngethuluzi elicijile inzalo ukuze ingxenye ngayinye ibe nenani elilinganayo lamahlumela aqinile. Ukusikwa kufafazwa ngekhabhoni ecushiwe noma umlotha wokhuni. I-Delenki itshalwe ezimbizeni.

Ubuchwepheshe be-tuber division cishe bufana: i-tuber iyanqunywa ukuze ingxenye ngayinye ibe namahlumela anempilo, ukusika kuvunyelwe ukomisa futhi kufafazwe ngamalahle noma umlotha. Ngemva kwalokho, i-delenki itshalwa emhlabathini futhi igcinwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo, evikelekile elangeni eliqondile.

Iqabunga. Indlela ifaneleka kahle i-begonias enesiqu esifushane noma esingashiwongo.

Iqabunga lokusabalalisa linqunywa ngengxenye ye-petiole futhi lifakwe engilazini yamanzi, eguqulwa nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, iqabunga litshalwa emhlabathini - lizoveza isitshalo sonke.

Izingxenye zeshidi. Indlela ethize ekhandlayo futhi engaphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ikuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo ezimbalwa eqabungeni elilodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Iqabunga liyasikwa futhi imithambo iyasikwa ohlangothini olungemuva noma ihlukaniswe izingxenye-izingxenye ukuze ngayinye yazo ibe ne-longitudinal eyodwa kanye nemithambo emi-2 noma ngaphezulu eguquguqukayo. Ingxenye engezansi ene-longitudinal vein ingcwatshwa esihlabathini esimanzi, isitsha simbozwe ngesivalo esisobala futhi sigcinwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo, umoya ngezikhathi ezithile. Umhlabathi, uma kunesidingo, uswakanyiswe ngebhodlela le-spray.

I-rooting ingathatha izinyanga ezi-3. Izitshalo ezincane ezitholwe ngale ndlela zikhula kancane kakhulu ekuqaleni.

Igumbi lokutshala begonias ekhaya

I-Begonias ivame ukufakelwa kabusha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo ezindala ezinokukhula okusebenzayo zidinga ukutshalwa kabusha kanye ngonyaka. Izitshalo ezitshalwe emabhodweni amakhulu noma izitshalo ezikhula kancane zingatshalwa kabusha kanye njalo ngonyaka ongu-1. I-Elatior begonias itshalwa kabusha ngemuva kokuphela kokuqhakaza, lapho isitshalo singena enkathini yokuthula.

Isibonakaliso sesidingo sokufakelwa izimpande eziphuma emigodini yokukhipha amanzi ebhodweni. Izihlahla ezikhule kakhulu nezindala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa ziyanconywa ukuba zihlukaniswe.

Ibhodwe elisha lembali ye-begonia kufanele libe likhulu ngo-2 - 3 cm kunangaphambili. Izimpande ze-begonias eziningi ziyazwela, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi udlulisele izitshalo esitsheni esisha, ngenkathi ugcina ingxenye ebalulekile ye-coma yomhlaba - zinyakazisa kuphela umhlaba owengeziwe kuwo.

Kunengqondo ukugeza izimpande uma kusolwa ukubola kwezimpande. Isistimu yezimpande egeziwe iyahlolwa, zonke izimpande ezonakele nezibolile ziyasuswa, bese zicwiliswa cishe ihora kusixazululo esipinki se-potanganum permanganate. Ngaphambi kokutshala esitsheni esisha, izimpande zomiswa kancane.

Lapho utshala, akunakwenzeka ukujulisa intamo yezimpande ze-begonias futhi uhlanganise ngokuqinile inhlabathi. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, lesi sitshalo sibuyiselwa endaweni yaso evamile, sinikezwe ukuchelela okuvamile nokuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile.

Izifo zegumbi begonia

Ukubola kwezimpande. Lesi sifo se-begonias yasendlini sibangelwa isikhunta se-pathogenic futhi ezikhathini eziningi siwumphumela wokunisela ngokweqile. Izimpawu zalesi sifo ama-begonias ayeka ukukhula kanye nokufa kwamaqabunga kuso sonke isitshalo. Unganquma ngokunembile ukuthi i-begonia igula ngokubola kwezimpande, ungayikhipha ebhodweni kuphela.

Izimpande ezithintekile ziba mnyama, zivilapha, zihlukaniswa kalula nesitshalo. Uma kuphela ingxenye yesistimu yezimpande ithintekile, zonke izimpande ezigulayo ziyasuswa, izimpande zicwiliswe ngesisombululo sesikhunta: Vitaros, Oksihom, Alirin-B, Ordan (4), njll. Khona-ke isitshalo sidluliselwa emhlabathini omusha.

Ngokunqotshwa okuqinile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzokwazi ukusindisa i-begonia, ungazama ukusika ukusikwa kuyo.

Isikhunta esimpunga. Ithinta kakhulu indawo yesitshalo, iyingozi kakhulu lapho imbali ye-begonia igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu nomswakama. Izimpawu zokubola okumpunga amachashaza “amanzi” ampunga eqabungeni nasezihlotsheni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala ayanda, abe slimy, izingxenye zezitshalo ziyafa.

Lapho kutholwa ukubola okumpunga, zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo zisuswa ngokushesha, i-begonia iphathwa ngama-fungicides asekelwe ethusi: Hom, Oxyhom, Bordeaux ingxube 1% (4).

I-Powdery mildew. Lesi sifo se-begonia sikhula kumswakama ophezulu futhi sivame ukwethulwa kwezinye izitshalo. Uphawu lwalesi sifo luyimpuphu enamathela emaqabunga kanye / noma ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo.

Ukuze ulwe ne-powdery mildew, sebenzisa ama-fungicides anethusi okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, noma isisombululo se-colloidal sulfure ekuhlanganiseni kuka-0,3 - 0,5%.

I-bacteriosis yemithambo yegazi. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokuphuzi kanye nokufiphala kwamaqabunga, kusukela emaphethelweni. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukufiphala nokufa kwemithambo yamaqabunga.

Ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, isitshalo singasindiswa ngokususa izingxenye ezithintekile futhi zelashwe isitshalo ngama-fungicides. Ngesilonda esinamandla, kungcono ukuqeda i-begonia egulayo.

indandatho. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu segumbi begonia. Izimpawu - amabala aphuzi nansundu anomumo oyindilinga, ngokuvamile anezindawo ze-necrosis phakathi. Amaqabunga angase athathe umbala obomvu.

Lesi sifo sinegciwane ngokwemvelo, ngakho alikho ikhambi laso. Isitshalo esigulayo kufanele silahlwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukugwema ukuthelela ezinye.

Izinambuzane ze-Begonia zegumbi

I-aphid. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza ezingenamaphiko ezingabonwa ngeso lenyama. Izimpawu zokulimala kwezinambuzane kuma-begonias ukubola nokufa kwamaqabunga.

Kungcono kakhulu ukulwa nama-aphid ngosizo lwensipho ekhethekile eluhlaza, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa insipho yasendlini. Ngezinye izikhathi ukujova ugwayi kusetshenziswa ekhaya. Kuma-agrochemical agents of aphid, i-Actellik noma iFitoverm isetshenziswa (4).

i-whitefly. Isinambuzane esinamaphiko amhlophe esinobude bomzimba obufika ku-2 mm. Izimpawu zokutheleleka ziyefana nezintwala.

Izindlela zokulawula ziyefana: ukugeza isitshalo ngensipho eluhlaza (izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezimbalwa) noma amalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane: Actellik, Fitoverm (4).

I-spider mite. Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-begonias nezinye izitshalo zasendlini, ezizibonakalisa ngokwenza buthaka amaqabunga kanye ne-spider web ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesitshalo.

Kusukela ku-spider mites, amakhambi afanayo asetshenziswa njenge-aphid kanye nezimpukane ezimhlophe, i-Kleshchevit izibonakalise kahle (4).

Isihlangu samanga. Izinambuzane ezinkulu ze-begonia ezifika ku-4 mm ngosayizi zibonakala kalula njengezimila ezinsundu - "izihlangu" ezinamathiselwe emaqabunga, imvamisa ohlangothini olungemuva.

I-Begonias enamaqabunga ambalwa aminyene ingasuswa ngomshini ezinambuzaneni zesikali: isitshalo sigezwa ngensipho eluhlaza, sihlanza izinambuzane zesikali ngesixubho esithambile. Uma isilonda sinzima noma i-begonia enamahlamvu amathenda inegciwane, lesi sitshalo kufanele selashwe nge-Aktellik noma i-Aktara (4) ngokwemiyalelo.

Ama-Thrips. Izinambuzane eziyingozi ze-begonias zasendlini nezinye izitshalo iyinambuzane enamaphiko efinyelela ku-2 mm ubude. Abantu abadala banombala omnyama noma onsundu ngokumnyama, izibungu ziwolintshi.

Kusuka ku-thrips, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanayo njengezihlangu zamanga, futhi inhlabathi ebhodweni iyalashwa. Ngokuhlaselwa okunamandla kwe-thrips, kunengqondo ukufakelwa i-begonia emhlabathini omusha.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sixoxe ngezinkinga zokukhula kwe-begonias isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. Ikhathalogi yeqoqo lezitshalo le-Central Botanical Garden yegatsha laseSiberia le-Academy of Sciences http://www.csbg.nsc.ru/catalog/kollektsiya-tropicheskih-i-subtropicheskih-rastenij.html
2. Tamberg TG, Ovchinnikov Yu. A. Begonia. // L.: Lenizdat, 1989
3. I-Hession DG Konke mayelana nezitshalo zasendlini // M .: Kladez-Buks, 2005
4. Ikhathalogi yezwe yezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngoJulayi 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation
5. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/