UMarie Curie no-Eleanor Roosevelt, phakathi kwabanye, baphathwa yilesi sifo esibi kakhulu nesingavamile. I-aplastic - noma i-aplastic - i-anemia ivela lapho umnkantsha ungasakhiqizi amaseli we-hematopoietic anele. Nokho, lawa angumthombo wawo wonke amangqamuzana egazi, okuyizinhlobo zawo ezintathu: amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi namaplatelet.

Ngakho-ke i-anemia ye-aplastic ibangela izigaba ezintathu zezimpawu. Okokuqala, lezo ezivamile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-anemia: noma izimpawu zokuntuleka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu - futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuthutha okungenampilo komoya-mpilo. Khona-ke, izimpawu ezihambisana nokuntuleka kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ubungozi bokutheleleka), futhi ekugcineni, ukuntuleka kwama-platelet egazi (ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation).

Kuwuhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwe-anemia. Kuye ngecala, litholwa noma lizuzwe ngofuzo. Lesi sifo singavela ngokuzumayo futhi siqhubeke isikhathi esifushane noma sibe esingamahlalakhona. Kwake kwaba yingozi kakhulu, i-aplastic anemia manje seyelashwa kangcono kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma lingelashwa ngokushesha, liba libi kakhulu futhi liholele ekufeni. Iziguli ezelashwe ngempumelelo zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zibe nezinye izifo kamuva, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza.

Lesi sifo singenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka futhi sithinta abesilisa nabesifazane (kodwa ngokuvamile siyingozi kakhulu emadodeni). Kubonakala sengathi kuvame kakhulu e-Asia kunase-United States noma eYurophu.

Izimbangela

Ku-70% kuya ku-80% wamacala⁶, lesi sifo asaziwa imbangela. Bese kuthiwa i-primary or idiopathic aplastic anemia. Uma kungenjalo, nazi izici ezingase zibe nesibopho sokwenzeka kwayo:

I-Hepatitis (5%)

- Imithi (6%)

• Sels d'or
• Ama-sulfamides
• I-chloramphenicol
• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala
• Izidakamizwa ze-antithyroid (ezisetshenziswa ku-hyperthyroidism)
• Ama-Phenothiazines
• I-Penicillamine
• I-Allopurinol

Ubuthi (3%)

• I-Benzene
• I-Canthaxanthine

- Isifo sesihlanu - "foot-hand-mouth" (parvovirus B15)

- Ukukhulelwa (1%)

- Amanye amacala angavamile

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-anemia yepulasitiki kwezinye izifo ezifana nayo. Ngempela, lesi sifo sihlukile kune-anemias etholakala kumdlavuza othile kanye nokwelashwa kwawo.

Kukhona uhlobo oluzuzwe njengefa le-aplastic anemia ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Fanconi anemia". Ngaphezu kokuphathwa yi-aplastic anemia, abantu abanalesi simo esingavamile bafishane kunesilinganiso futhi banokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kokuzalwa. Ngokuvamile, batholakala bengakayihlanganisi iminyaka engu-12 futhi abaningi abafiki ebudaleni.

• Labo abaxhumene nezinga eliphansi lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu: ibala eliphaphathekile, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Labo abaxhumene nezinga eliphansi lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: ukwanda kokungenwa yizifo.
• Lezo ezihlobene nezinga eliphansi lamaplatelet egazi: isikhumba esilimele kalula, ukopha okungavamile ezinsinini, ikhala, isitho sangasese sowesifazane noma uhlelo lwamathumbu.

• Lesi sifo singavela kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa sivame ukubonakala ezinganeni, abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-30 kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.
• Kungase kube khona ukuthambekela kofuzo njengasendabeni ye-Fanconi anemia.

I-aplastic anemia yisifo esingajwayelekile. Abantu abachayeka ezimbangela ezihlukene zesifo (bona Izimbangela ngenhla) bandisa ingozi yokusithola, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.

– Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emikhiqizweni ethile enobuthi noma emisebeni.

– Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile.

Izimo ezithile zomzimba: izifo (i-leukemia, i-lupus), izifo (i-hepatitis A, B, no-C, i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo, udenga), ukukhulelwa (akuvamile).

Ukugwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kubuthi noma izidakamizwa okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla kuyisinyathelo esivumelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi - futhi hhayi nje ukuvimbela i-aplastic anemia. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, ukuqala kokuqala kokugcina akukwazi ukuvinjelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho sazi umsuka we-anemia, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukuphindeka kwayo ngokugwema ukuchayeka kokukodwa noma kwezinye izici ezilandelayo uma zihilelekile:

- imikhiqizo enobuthi;

- izidakamizwa ezinobungozi obukhulu;

- imisebe.

Uma kwenzeka i-aplastic anemia ngenxa ye-hepatitis, kungumbuzo wokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinconyiwe zokuvimbela izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hepatitis. Bheka ishidi Le-Hepatitis.

Nge-anemia enzima ye-aplastic, udokotela ngezinye izikhathi ubeka ama-antibiotics ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Lesi sifo asivamile futhi sinamandla amakhulu okuba nezinkinga. Ukunakekelwa kuzokwenziwa ngudokotela onguchwepheshe kulo mkhakha, isikhathi esiningi enethimba lezinhlaka ezahlukene kanye nasesikhungweni esinolwazi olunzulu.

• Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ukuthi uyeke ukuphuza izidakamizwa okungenzeka zibangele i-anemia.
• Ama-antibiotics azodingeka ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni noma yikuphi ukutheleleka.
• Inhlanganisela ye-anti-thymocyte globulins izinsuku ezi-5, i-cortisone ne-cyclosporin, kwezinye izimo, ingabangela ukukhululwa kwesifo.⁷.

Inhlanganisela ye-anti-thymocyte globulins izinsuku ezi-5, i-cortisone ne-cyclosporine kwezinye izimo ingabangela ukukhululwa kwesifo.

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kubantu abane-aplastic anemia, izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha ziyadingeka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke:

– Zivikele ezifweni. Kubalulekile ukugeza izandla njalo ngensipho ebulala amagciwane futhi ugweme ukuthintana nabantu abagulayo.

– Shefa ngensingo kagesi kunensingo ukuze ugweme ukusikeka. Njengoba i-anemia ye-aplastic ihlotshaniswa nezinga eliphansi lamaplatelet egazi, igazi livala kahle futhi ukulahlekelwa igazi kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.

– Khetha izixubho ezinamabhristle athambile.

- Gwema ukuzijwayeza imidlalo yokuxhumana. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo nalezo ezishiwo ngenhla, kuyadingeka ukugwema noma yisiphi isenzakalo sokulahlekelwa igazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukulimala.

- Gwema nokuzivocavoca umzimba okujulile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngisho nokuzivocavoca okulula kungabangela ukukhathala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kwenzeka kuba ne-anemia ende, kubalulekile ukusindisa inhliziyo. Lokhu kufanele kusebenze kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuthutha komoyampilo okuhambisana ne-anemia.

Njengengxenye yendlela yayo yekhwalithi, i-Passeportsanté.net ikumema ukuthi uthole umbono wochwepheshe bezempilo. UDkt Dominic Larose, udokotela wezimo eziphuthumayo, ukunika umbono wakhe mayelana i-aplastic anemia :

Akukho ukwelashwa okungokwemvelo okuye kwaba yisihloko sezifundo ezinzima endabeni ye-aplastic anemia.

Ngokusho kwe-Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi namavithamini kwakungakwazi sibhebhethekise isifo futhi ivimbele ukucubungula. Nokho, uncoma a Ukudla okunempilo ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwegazi.¹

Kuyancomeka futhi ukujoyina a iqembu lokusekela.

Canada

I-Aplastic Anemia kanye ne-Myelodysplasia Association yaseCanada

Lesi sizindalwazi sinikeza ukwesekwa nolwazi ezigulini nasemindenini. NgesiNgisi kuphela.

amac.ca

I-united states

I-Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation

Lesi sizindalwazi saseMelika esinobizo lwamazwe ngamazwe sinezilimi eziningi futhi kuzomele sifake ingxenye yesiFulentshi maduzane.

www.aplastic.org

Inkampani engu-Fanconi Anemia Research Fund, Inc

Le sayithi yesiNgisi yenzelwe abantu abane-Fanconi anemia kanye nemindeni yabo. Ikakhulukazi, inikeza ukufinyelela kumanuwali e-PDF anesihloko esithi “Fanconi Anemia: A Handbook for Family and their Physicians”.

www.fanconi.org