Ebizwa nangokuthi i-fetuin, i-i-alpha-fetoprotein is a amaprotheni ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ngu isikhwama se-yolk futhi isibindi du fetus ekuthuthukisweni. Itholakala egazini lengane nekamama (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa). Ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, izinga layo liyehla emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa.

Kubantu abadala, i-alpha-fetoprotein ingaphinde ivele ngesikhathi sezifo ezithile, isikhathi esiningi i-hepatic noma isimila.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-alpha-fetoprotein kungase kunqunywe owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma kubantu abadala ngaphandle kokukhulelwa.

Ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-alpha-fetoprotein kusetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kokungajwayelekile okuhlukahlukene futhi kwenziwa ku-trimester yesibili. Ukuhlola kuvame ukunemba kakhulu phakathi kweviki le-16 nele-18. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-alpha-fetoprotein kwenzeka kanye kanye nalokho kwehomoni ye-chorionic gonadotropic (HCG), i-estriol ne-inhibin A, amahomoni e-placental. Umgomo ikakhulukazi uwukuthola ukonakala kweshubhu le-neural (elizoba isimiso sezinzwa) sombungu, njenge-Spina bifida, kodwa nokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal, njengengozi ye-trisomy 21 (noma i-Down's syndrome).

Kubantu abadala (ngaphandle kokukhulelwa), ukuhlaziywa kwe-alpha-fetoprotein kungenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe izinkinga zesibindi noma ukuthola imidlavuza ethile.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-alpha-fetoprotein kuqukethe a ukuhlolwa kwegazi ezingeni lomthambo futhi akudingi ukulungiswa okuthile. Udokotela ubeka i-tourniquet engalweni yangaphambili yesiguli, cishe ngo-10 cm ngaphezu kwendawo lapho kuzokwenziwa khona ukuphutshuzwa kwe-veni, imvamisa endaweni yokuklajwa kwendololwane.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ingxenye ye-alpha-fetoprotein ekhiqizwa yi-fetus idlulela egazini likamama, ngakho-ke akukho sampuli ye-amniotic noma ye-fetus edingekayo. Isampula yegazi lithathwa ngendlela "yakudala".

Kubantu abadala, amadoda nabesifazane ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, inani elivamile le-alpha-fetoprotein lingaphansi kwe-10 ng / ml yegazi.

Ukwanda kwezinga le-alpha-fetoprotein egazini kungase kwembule:

• isifo sesibindi, njenge i-cirrhosis, i umdlavuza wesibindi, lo isifo sokusha kwesibindi kotshwala noma i-hepatitis yegciwane

• un umdlavuza amasende, ama-ovari, isisu, amanyikwe noma ama-bile ducts.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ku-trimester yesibili, izinga le-alpha-fetoprotein ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-10 no-200 ng / ml. Amazinga aphezulu e-alpha-fetoprotein angabangela:

• i-neural tube defect ku-fetus ekhulayo: Spina bifida, i-anencephaly

• ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa

• i-hydroencephaly

• ukonakala kommizo noma izinso

Ngokuphambene, izinga eliphansi lingaba uphawu lokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal njenge-Down syndrome (i-trisomy 21).

Qaphela, noma kunjalo, izinga le-alpha-fetoprotein liyahlukahluka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ngokunembile isigaba sokukhulelwa lapho owesifazane ekuso ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Imiphumela ye-alpha-fetoprotein engavamile ingase ibe ngenxa yokukhulelwa okuningi noma ukufa kombungu.

Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka amazinga e-alpha-fetoprotein engavamile, njenge-ultrasound noma i-amniocentesis (ukususwa koketshezi lwe-amniotic oluzungeze umbungu).