Ukungezwani komzimba (ukubuka konke)

Ukungezwani komzimba (ukubuka konke)

I-Allergies: ziyini?

I-Allergy, ebizwa nangokuthi ukuzwela ngokweqile, ukusabela okungavamile kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene nezakhi ezingaphandle komzimba (izinto ezingezwani), kodwa ezingenabungozi. Ingavela ezifundeni ezahlukene zomzimba: esikhumbeni, emehlweni, ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla noma emgudwini wokuphefumula. Izinhlobo zezimpawu nokuqina kwazo kuzohluka kuye ngokuthi i-allergies iqala kuphi, nezinye izici ezimbalwa ezihlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Zingase zingabonakali kakhulu, njengokubonakala kobomvu esikhumbeni, noma okungase kube yingozi, njengokushaqeka. i-anaphylactic.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokubonakaliswa kwe-allergic yilezi:

  • ukungezwani kokudla;
  • isifuba somoya, okungenani kwelinye lamafomu aso, isifuba somoya esingezwani nomzimba;
  • i-atopic eczema;
  • i-rhinitis yokungezwani;
  • izinhlobo ezithile ze-urticaria;
  • i-anaphylaxis.

Abantu abangezwani ne-allergenic eyodwa abavamile ukungezwani. Ukusabela okweqile kungazibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningana kumuntu ofanayo; I-allergenic rhinitis iboniswe njengengozi yokuthuthukiswa kwesifuba somoya15. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-pollen deensitization ukwelapha i-hay fever ngezinye izikhathi kungavimbela ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya okubangelwa ukuchayeka kulawa ma-pollen.1.

Ukungezwani komzimba

Ezimweni eziningi, ukusabela okweqile kudinga othintana nabo abangu-2 ne-allergen.

  • Ukuqwashisa. Isikhathi sokuqala i-allergen ingena emzimbeni, ngokusebenzisa isikhumba noma izimbungulu ezinamaqanda (amehlo, umgudu wokuphefumula noma wokugaya), amasosha omzimba ahlonza isakhi sangaphandle njengeyingozi. Uqala ukwenza amasosha omzimba athile ngokumelene naye.

The anti, noma ama-immunoglobulins, ayizinto ezenziwe amasosha omzimba. Babona futhi bacekele phansi izakhi ezithile zangaphandle umzimba ochayeka kuzo. Amasosha omzimba akhiqiza izinhlobo ezi-5 zama-immunoglobulins okuthiwa Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G kanye ne-Ig M, anemisebenzi ethile. Kubantu abane-allergies, ikakhulukazi i-Ig E ehilelekile.

  • Ukungezwani komzimba. Lapho i-allergen ingena emzimbeni okwesibili, amasosha omzimba alungele ukuphendula. Ama-antibodies afuna ukuqeda i-allergen ngokubangela isethi yezindlela zokuzivikela.

 

  

 

 

Chofoza ukuze ubone ukugqwayiza  

OKUBALULEKILE

Ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic. Lokhu kusabela kwe-allergic, kungazelelwe futhi okujwayelekile, kuthinta yonke into ephilayo. Uma ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingathuthukela kuye ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, okungukuthi, ukwehla komfutho wegazi, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi futhi mhlawumbe nokufa, kungakapheli imizuzu.

Ngokushesha lapho izimpawu zokuqala ze ukusabela okungathí sina - ukuvuvukala ebusweni noma emlonyeni, ubuhlungu benhliziyo, amabala abomvu emzimbeni - futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kuvele okokuqala izimpawu zokucindezeleka kokuphefumula -ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya, ukuphefumula, ukuguqulwa noma ukunyamalala kwezwi-, umuntu kufanele anikeze i-epinephrine (ÉpiPen®, Twinject®) futhi aye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-atopy. I-Atopy iwufuzo lokuthambekela kokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Umuntu angahlushwa izinhlobo eziningana zokungezwani komzimba (isifuba somoya, i-rhinitis, i-eczema, njll.), Ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Ngokwe-International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children, ucwaningo olukhulu olwenziwa eYurophu, ama-40% kuya ku-60% ezingane ezine-atopic eczema zizophathwa yizinto zokuphefumula, kanti u-10% kuya ku-20% uzoba nesifuba somoya.2. Izimpawu zokuqala zokungezwani komzimba zivame ukuba yi-atopic eczema kanye nokungezwani nokudla, okungase kuvele ezinganeni. Izimpawu ze-rhinitis eguliswa yi-allergic - ukuhogela, ukucasuka kwamehlo, nokuminyana kwamakhala - kanye nesifo sesifuba somoya kwenzeka kamuva ebuntwaneni.3.

Izimbangela

Ukuze kube nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, izimo ezi-2 zibalulekile: umzimba kufanele uzwele entweni ethile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-allergen, futhi le nto kufanele ibe sendaweni yomuntu.

The ama-allergener amaningi yilezi:

  • kusukela ama-allergener emoyeni : impova, ubulongwe bezinambuzane kanye nesilwane esifuywayo;
  • kusukela ukudla okungezwani nokudla : amakinati, ubisi lwenkomo, amaqanda, ukolweni, isoya (soy), amantongomane esihlahla, usesame, inhlanzi, igobolondo nama-sulphite (isilondolozi);
  • amanye ama-allergener : izidakamizwa, i-latex, ubuthi bezinambuzane (izinyosi, iminyovu, izinyosi, ama-hornets).

Ukungezwani nezinwele zezilwane?

Asiguliswa yizinwele, kodwa esikhumbeni noma kumathe ezilwane, akukhona nje ukuthi kufanele sivale izimpaphe namaquilts, kodwa kunalokho sifaka ubulongwe bezibungu ezicashe lapho.

Kuncane esikwaziyo nge-umsuka wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi zibangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Nakuba kunezimo eziningana zokungezwani komzimba nemindeni, iningi lezingane ezingezwani nokudla ziphuma emindenini engenawo umlando wokungezwani nezinto ezithile.4. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kukhona i-genetic predisposition, ezinye izici zihilelekile, phakathi kwazo: ukubhema ugwayi, indlela yokuphila yasentshonalanga kanye nemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukungcoliswa komoya. Ukucindezeleka kungabangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zivele, kodwa akunacala ngokuqondile.

Ubisi: ukungezwani komzimba noma ukungabekezelelani?

Ukungezwani nobisi lwenkomo okubangelwa amaprotheni athile obisi akufanele kudidaniswe nokungabekezelelani kwe-lactose, ukungakwazi ukugaya lo shukela wobisi. Izimpawu zokungezwani ne-lactose zingaqedwa ngokudla imikhiqizo yobisi engena-lactose noma ngokuthatha izithasiselo ze-lactase (Lactaid®), i-enzyme eshodayo, lapho udla imikhiqizo yobisi.

Ziyanda kaningi

I-Allergies ivame kakhulu namuhla kunaseminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Emhlabeni, i ukwanda zezifo ezingezwani nomzimba ziphindeke kabili eminyakeni eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20 edlule. U-40% kuya ku-50% wabantu emazweni anezimboni uhlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokungezwani komzimba5.

  • E-Quebec, ngokombiko okhiqizwe yi-National Institute of Public Health yaseQuebec, zonke izinhlobo ze-allergies zaba nokwanda okukhulu kusukela ngo-1987 kuya ku-1998.6. Ukudlanga kwe- i-allergic rhinitis inyuke isuka ku-6% yaya ku-9,4%,ufuba, kusuka ku-2,3% kuya ku-5% kanye nokunye ukungezwani komzimba kusuka ku-6,5% kuya ku-10,3%.
  • Ngenkathi ekuqaleni kwe-XXst khulu leminyaka, i-allergic rhinitis okuthinteke cishe u-1% wabantu baseNtshonalanga Yurophu, namuhla inani labantu abathintekile liyi-15% kuya ku-20%.2. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, cishe ingane eyodwa kwezine eneminyaka engu-1 noma ngaphansi inayeeczema i-atopic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwe-10% yezingane ezineminyaka engu-13 no-14 zihlushwa isifuba somoya.

Yini okufanele sibhekise kuyo ukuqhubeka kwe-allergies?

Ngokubheka izinguquko zezenhlalo nezemvelo eziye zaphawula emashumini eminyaka adlule, abacwaningi baye bathuthukisa imibono ehlukahlukene.

I-hygienist hypothesis. Ngokwale nkolelo-mbono, iqiniso lokuphila endaweni (izindlu, izindawo zokusebenza kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka) ezihlanzeka ngokwandayo futhi zihlanjululwe zingachaza ukwanda kwenani lamacala okungezwani komzimba emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ukuthintana, esemncane, namagciwane namagciwane kungavumela ukuvuthwa okunempilo kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, ngaphandle kwalokho, okungaba nokusabela komzimba. Lokhu kungachaza ukuthi kungani izingane ezihlaselwa imikhuhlane emine noma emihlanu ngonyaka zingabi sengozini yokungezwani nezinto ezithile.

I-permeability yolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngokuvumelana nenye i-hypothesis, ukungezwani komzimba kungase kube umphumela wokungeneka okukhulu kolwelwesi lwamafinyila (olwethumbu, lomlomo, lokuphefumula) noma lokuguqulwa kwezitshalo zamathumbu.

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, funda I-Allergies: Lokho Okushiwo Ochwepheshe.

Evolution

I-allergies yokudla ivame ukuphikelela: ngokuvamile kufanele uvimbele ukudla ekudleni kwakho impilo yakho yonke. Ngokuqondene ne-allergies yokuphefumula, ingadamba kuze kube yilapho inyamalala cishe ngokuphelele, naphezu kokuba khona kwe-allergen. Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani ukubekezelelana kungase kuqale, kulokhu. I-atopic eczema nayo ijwayele ukuba ngcono ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukungezwani komzimba nesihlungu sezinambuzane ezenzeka ngemva kokulunywa singaba sibi nakakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokulunywa kwesibili, ngaphandle uma uthola ukwelashwa kokuqeda ukungezwani komzimba.

kwesifo

Udokotela uthatha umlando wezimpawu: zivela nini futhi kanjani. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma isampula yegazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ngokunembile i-allergen okukhulunywa ngayo ukuze kuqedwe ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni ehlala kuyo, futhi ukwazi ukwelapha kangcono ukungezwani komzimba.

The ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba thola izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Zihlanganisa ukuveza esikhumbeni ngemithamo emincane kakhulu yezinto ezihlanjululwayo ze-allergenic; ungahlola cishe amashumi amane ngesikhathi. Lezi zinto zingaba impova evela ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene, isikhunta, isikhumba sezilwane, izibungu, isihlungu sezinyosi, i-penicillin, njll. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ziyabonakala, ezingase zivele ngokushesha noma zibambezeleke (amahora angu-48 kamuva, ikakhulukazi i-eczema). Uma kukhona ukungezwani komzimba, kuvela ichashazi elincane elibomvu, elifana nokulunywa yizinambuzane.

shiya impendulo