Yini i-spirogyra
I-Spirogyra ingenye ye-algae efundwe kakhulu emhlabeni, eyatholwa emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule. Iqukethe imicu engenawo amagatsha (ama-cylindrical cell), ihlala emachibini afudumele, amasha futhi anosawoti kancane kanye nemifudlana emhlabeni jikelele, ibukeka njengokwakheka okufana nokotini okuntanta phezulu futhi kumboze phansi.
Iyini ingozi eBaikal
Lapho kwakunamanzi acwebile, manje aluhlaza, ujeli wezimila zasolwandle onukayo. Ugu, obelucwebezela ngaphambili ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile, manje selungcolile futhi lunamaxhaphozi. Iminyaka eminingana, bekungavunyelwe ukubhukuda emabhishi amaningi athandwayo ngaphambili eLake Baikal ngenxa yengqikithi eyingozi ye-E. coli emanzini, eye yazalanisa ngokuphelele emanzini angcolile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spirogyra isusa i-endemics (izinhlobo ezihlala kuphela e-Baikal - inothi lombhali): ama-gastropods, izipontshi ze-Baikal, futhi yizo eziqinisekisa ukucaca kwe-crystal yechibi. Ihlala ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo i-yellowfly goby, okuwukudla kwe-omul yaseBaikal. Kwenza kungenzeki ukudoba endaweni esogwini. I-Spirogyra imboza ugu lwechibi ngongqimba oluwugqinsi, ibole, ifake ubuthi emanzini, ikwenze angakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa.
Kungani i-spirogyra yazala kangaka?
Kungani ulwelwe lwanda kangaka, ngaphambili olwaluphila ngokuthula nangokuthula ngobuningi obuvamile echibini futhi lungaphazamisi muntu? I-Phosphates ibhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula, ngoba i-spirogyra idla kubo futhi ikhula ngenkuthalo ngenxa yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona ngokwabo babhubhisa amanye ama-microorganisms, bahlanze izindawo ze-spirogyra. I-Phosphates ingumanyolo we-spirogyra, aqukethwe ku-powder yokugeza eshibhile, ukugeza akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo, futhi abantu abaningi abakulungele ukuthenga izimpushana ezibizayo.
Ngokusho komqondisi we-Limnological Institute uMikhail Grachev, kunenani elingenakulinganiswa le-spirogyra ogwini, izindawo zokwelapha azihlanzi lutho, amanzi angcolile aphuma kubo, wonke umuntu uyazi lokhu, kodwa abenzi lutho. Futhi ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe bakhuluma ngokuwohloka kwesimo semvelo ezungeze ichibi, okuwumphumela wokulahlwa kwemfucuza kubahlali bendawo nabavakashile, kanye nokuphuma kwesisi esiphuma emabhizinisini ezimboni.
Bathini ongoti
I-Spirogyra ekuqaleni ikhula kahle endaweni efudumele, kanti e-Baikal amanzi ayabanda, ngakho-ke ayizange ivelele phakathi kwezinye izitshalo ngaphambili. Kodwa, ngokudla ama-phosphates, ikhula kahle emanzini abandayo, lokhu kungabonakala ngeso lenyama entwasahlobo, iqhwa lisanda kuncibilika, futhi selivele lithatha izindawo ezintsha.
Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga isekelwe ezinyathelweni ezintathu. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukwakha izikhungo ezintsha zokwelapha. Okwesibili kusekuhlanzweni kwendawo egudle ugu. Ukuze uhlanze indawo yamanzi, awudingi nje ukuqoqa i-spirogyra ebusweni, kodwa futhi kusukela phansi. Futhi lokhu kuwumsebenzi ochitha isikhathi esiningi, ngoba kudinga ukususa amasentimitha angu-30 enhlabathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubhujiswa kwayo (i-spirogyra itholakala kusukela ogwini kuze kufike ekujuleni kwamamitha angu-40). Okwesithathu ukuvinjelwa kokukhipha amanzi emishinini yokuwasha emanzini emfuleni iSelenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Turka, Snezhnaya kanye neSarma. Kodwa, noma ngabe bonke abakhileyo esifundeni sase-Irkutsk kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseBuryatia benqaba impushana eshibhile, kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana ukubuyisela i-ecosystem yechibi, yakhiwe iminyaka eminingi futhi kuwubuwula ukukholelwa ukuthi izoshesha. lulama.
Isiphetho
Ezinye izikhulu zithi leli chibi likhulu kakhulu ukuthi lingagcwala udaka, kodwa ososayensi bayaphika lokhu. Bahlola phansi futhi bathola ukuthi ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 kukhona ama-spirogyra amakhulu, anezingqimba eziningi. Izingqimba ezingezansi, ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo, ziyabola, zikhiphe izinto ezinobuthi, futhi zehlela ekujuleni okukhulu nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinqolobane zolwelwe olubolile zinqwabelana eBaikal - ziphenduka umgodi omkhulu womquba.
IChibi iBaikal liqukethe amaphesenti angu-20 ezindawo zokugcina amanzi ahlanzekile, kuyilapho wonke umuntu wesithupha emhlabeni entula amanzi okuphuza. E-Russia, lokhu akubalulekile okwamanje, kodwa ngenkathi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinhlekelele ezenziwe abantu, isimo singashintsha. Kungaba ubudedengu ukunganakekeli insiza ebalulekile, ngoba umuntu akakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBaikal iyindawo yokuvakasha yabantu abaningi baseRussia. Masikhumbule ukuthi leli chibi liyingcebo yesizwe okungeyaseRussia futhi sinomthwalo walo.