I-Alkalosis isho i-alkalinity eyeqile egazini, okusho ukuthi i-pH eyisisekelo kakhulu. Kwenziwa umehluko phakathi kwe-alkalosis ye-metabolic kanye ne-alkalosis yokuphefumula. Lezi zimo ezimbili zibanga ukucasuka, amajaqamba emisipha noma ama-spasms. Ukwelashwa kugxile ezimbangela ze-alkalosis.

Incazelo

I-PH isilinganiso esichaza ukuthi uketshezi lune-asidi kakhulu (0-1) noma luyisisekelo kakhulu (14-15). Igazi ngokuvamile alinasisekelo esibuthakathaka: i-pH yalo ihluka phakathi kuka-7,3 no-7,5. Uma le PH inyuka, sikhuluma nge-alkalinity eyeqile.

Uma le alkalinity eyeqile ibangelwa ukweqisa kwama-bicarbonates noma ukulahlekelwa ama-asidi egazini, kubizwa ngokuthi i-metabolic alkalosis. Uma kuvela ezingeni eliphansi le-carbon dioxide egazini (ngenxa yokuphefumula okusheshayo noma okujulile), kubizwa ngokuthi i-alkalosis yokuphefumula.

Izimbangela

I-Metabolic alkalosis

I-Metabolic alkalosis iphumela ekulahlekeni kwe-asidi eyeqile noma ukuzuza kwesisekelo ngokweqile. Izinkinga kungaba:

• ukulahlekelwa kwe-asidi esiswini ngenxa ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe noma ku- ithubhu yesisu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
• inzuzo eyisisekelo kulandela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo eyisisekelo njenge okukhukhumalisa amakhekhe

Okokugcina, i-alkalosis ingaba umphumela wokungakwazi kwezinso ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwe-acidity kanye nokuyisisekelo emzimbeni. Lokhu kusebenza okungavamile kwezinso kungase kube ngenxa yalokhu:

• ukusetshenziswa isisu
• ukulahlekelwa kwe-potassium okuhlobene ukungasebenzi ngokweqile kwe-adrenal gland

I-alkalosis yokuphefumula

I-alkalosis yokuphefumula iqala lapho ukuphefumula kujule kakhulu noma ngokushesha kubangela izinga le-carbon dioxide egazini ukuthi libe phansi kakhulu. Izimbangela zalokhu hyperventilation yilezi:

• ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka nokwesaba (ezimweni eziningi)
• ukweqisa kwe-aspirin
• imfiva noma ukutheleleka
• amazinga e-oxygen aphansi kakhulu egazini
• ubuhlungu obunamandla

kwesifo

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwegazi noma i-urinalysis.

Izici zengozi

• Abantu abathambekele ekuhlaselweni yitwetwe nokuhlaselwa yizinkathazo
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-diuretics
• Isoda eningi kakhulu yokubhaka
• Ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe

I-Alkalosis ingabonakaliswa:

• ukucasuka
• amajaqamba
• umuzwa wokuluma emaphethelweni

Ukuluma kuvame ukubikwa ku-alkalosis yokuphefumula lapho i-hyperventilation ibangelwa ukukhathazeka.

Uma i-alkalosis inzima, ukuhlaselwa kwe-tetany kungenzeka.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-alkalosis ayibangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-alkalosis ukwelashwa kwembangela, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe nosizo lwezokwelapha. 

Nge i-alkalosis yomzimba, uma izimbangela ze-alkalosis zizinzile (ukuhlanza, njll.), udokotela angakwazi ukunikeza i-sodium ne-potassium ukubuyisela ibhalansi ye-acid-base.

Okwezimo zeukuphuza utshwala bokuphefumula, umnakekeli kumelwe aqale asiqinisekise isiguli futhi aqinisekise ukuthi unomthamo owanele womoya-mpilo. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa:

• umkhuhlane ophansi uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka
• i-analgesic uma kwenzeka ubuhlungu obukhulu
• ukuphefumula okwaziyo nokunethezeka uma kwenzeka uhlaselwa wuvalo

Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic kuphindaphinda, isiguli singenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wezengqondo. Izindlela zokwelapha zokuziphatha kwengqondo zibonise imiphumela emihle ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka nama-phobias.

Izindlela zokuziphatha ezifanele zokuvimbela i-alkalosis yilezi:

• ukuphathwa kokukhathazeka
• ukwelashwa komkhuhlane uma uvela
• ukuqapha kwezokwelapha uma kusetshenziswa ama-diuretics, i-aspirin ne-bicarbonate

Qaphela: ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kufanele njalo kuboniswane nodokotela.