Okuqukethwe
Bangani! Namuhla sikulethela ukunaka kwakho ukudla okunempilo kwezazi zamaJuda. Le mithetho "yokudla okunomsoco" yabhalwa kudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, kodwa iqiniso layo nokuhluzeka kwayo kunzima ukuphikisa ngisho nesayensi yanamuhla.
Encwadini yezenkolo, efakwe kuyiTorah, kunalawa magama:
“Le yimfundiso yezinkomo, nezinyoni, nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo emanzini, nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni. ukuze bahlukanise phakathi kokungcolile nokuhlanzekile, phakathi kwesilwane esidliwayo nesilwane esingadliwa.” ( 11:46, 47 ) Izilwane ezifuywayo ezidliwayo nezingadliwa.
La mazwi afingqa imithetho ngezinhlobo zezilwane amaJuda angazidla nangazidli.
Ezilwaneni ezihlala emhlabeni, ngokusho kweTorah, izilwane kuphela ezinezinselo ezihlukene ezivunyelwe ukudla. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayithobela yomibili imibandela!
Isilwane esinezinselo ezihlukene kodwa engeyona i-kosher (hhayi i-ruminant) iyingulube.
Izilwane ezivunyelwe ukudla zibhalwe encwadini ethi "Dvarim". NgokweTorah, kunezinhlobo eziyishumi kuphela zezilwane ezinjalo: izinhlobo ezintathu zezilwane ezifuywayo - imbuzi, imvu, inkomo, nezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zezilwane zasendle - izinyamazane, izinyamazane nezinye.
Ngakho, ngokusho kweTorah, izilwane ezidla uhlaza kuphela ezivunyelwe ukudliwa, futhi noma yiziphi izilwane ezidla ezinye (ingwe, ibhere, impisi, njll.) azivunyelwe!
Ku-Talmud (Chulin, 59a) kukhona isiko elidluliselwa ngomlomo, elithi: uma uthola isilwane esingaziwa kuze kube manje esinezinselo ezihlukene futhi awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi sisusile noma cha, ungasidla ngokuphepha kuphela uma kungesona esakhe. emndenini wezingulube. UMdali womhlaba uyazi ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezilwane azidalile nokuthi yiziphi. Ehlane laseSinayi, wadlulisela, ngoMose, ukuthi kunesilwane esisodwa esinganyanyisi esinezinselo ezihlukene kabili, ingulube. Awukwazi ukukudla! Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi kuze kube manje azikatholakali izilwane ezinjalo emvelweni.
Iqiniso ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kufakazelwe ososayensi!
UMose, njengoba aziwa, akazange azingele (Sifra, 11:4) futhi wayengakwazi ukwazi zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba. Kodwa iTorah yanikezwa ogwadule lwaseSinayi, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu edlule. Izilwane zase-Asia, eYurophu, eMelika nase-Australia zazingakaziwa ngokwanele kubantu. Ingabe i-Talmud ihluke kakhulu? Kuthiwani uma isilwane esinjalo singatholakala?
Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, umcwaningi odumile kanye nomhambi u-Koch, ngemiyalo kahulumeni waseBrithani (ohulumeni nososayensi abavela emazweni amaningi babenentshisekelo esitatimendeni seTorah, esingaqinisekiswa), wenze ucwaningo ngobukhona okungenani. uhlobo olulodwa lwezilwane emhlabeni olunolunye lwezimpawu ze-kosher, njengonogwaja noma ikamela eletshisayo, noma njengengulube enamanqina ahlukene. Kodwa umcwaningi akakwazanga ukunezela ohlwini olunikezwe kuyiTorah. Akazange azithole izilwane ezinjalo. Kodwa uMose wayengenakukwazi ukuhlola umhlaba wonke! Njengoba bethanda ukucaphuna incwadi ethi “Sifra”: “Labo abathi iTorah ayiveli kuNkulunkulu mabacabange ngalokhu.”
Esinye isibonelo esithakazelisayo. Usosayensi waseMpumalanga Ephakathi, uDkt. Menahem Dor, ngemva kokuzwa amazwi ezazi ukuthi “emhlabeni, noma isiphi isilwane esinezimpondo ezinamagatsha empeleni siyelusa futhi sinezinselo ezihlukene phakathi,” wabonisa ukungabaza: kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi kukhona. ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimpondo, ukuhlafuna “ushingamu” nezinselo . Futhi, ekubeni usosayensi wangempela, wahlola uhlu lwazo zonke izilwane ezinezimpondo ezaziwayo futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izilwane ezilusayo ezinezimpondo ezinamagatsha zinezinselo ezihlukene (M. Dor, No. 14 kamagazini i-Ladaat, p. 7).
Kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini, ngokusho kweTorah, ungadla izinhlanzi kuphela, ezinezikali kanye namaphiko. Ukwengeza ukuthi: Izinhlanzi ezifakwe esikalini zihlala zinamaphiko. Ngakho-ke uma kunezikali esiqeshini senhlanzi phambi kwakho, futhi amaphiko angabonakali, khona-ke ungakwazi ukupheka ngokuphepha futhi udle izinhlanzi. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukuphawula okuhlakaniphe kakhulu! Kuyaziwa ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlanzi ezinamazenga. Futhi ukuthi ubukhona bezikali buhlotshaniswa kanjani namaphiko, ososayensi abakaqondi.
Kuthiwa kuTorah nangezinyoni - ezincwadini "Vayikra" (Shmini, 11: 13-19) kanye "Dvarim" (Re, 14: 12-18) izinhlobo ezingavunyelwe zibaliwe, zaba ngaphansi kwe kuvunyelwe. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili nane ezingavunyelwe yizinyoni ezidla inyama: isikhova sokhozi, ukhozi, njll. Ihansi, idada, inkukhu, i-turkey kanye nejuba zivunyelwe ngokwesiko "i-kosher".
Akuvunyelwe ukudla izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezikhasayo (ufudu, igundane, i-hedgehog, intuthwane, njll.).
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Kwelinye lamaphephandaba akwa-Israel olimi lwesiRashiya, kwashicilelwa indatshana - "Iresiphi yamaJuda yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo." Lesi sihloko saqala ngesethulo: “… udokotela odumile waseRussia wezifo zenhliziyo u-VS Nikitsky ukholelwa ukuthi kuwukugcinwa ngokuqinile kwe-kashrut (imithetho yesiko enquma ukuthotshelwa kwento ethile nezimfuneko zoMthetho wamaJuda. Ngokuvamile, leli gama lisetshenziselwa isethi. yemithetho yenkolo ehlobene nokudla) enganciphisa inani lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo futhi ikhulise ukusinda ngemva kwayo. Lapho sise-Israel, udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo uthi: “Ngesikhathi ngitshelwa ukuthi iyini i-kashrut, ngaqonda ukuthi kungani endaweni yangakini inani lezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi lincane kakhulu kunaseRussia, eFrance, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Kepha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo mhlawumbe kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-60…
Ngaphakathi emithanjeni yegazi, igazi lithwala amafutha kanye nezinto ezinekhalori, ezigcina sezihlala ezindongeni.
Ebusheni, amangqamuzana e-arterial avuselelwa njalo, kodwa ngokukhula kuba nzima nakakhulu kubo ukususa izinto ezinamafutha amaningi futhi inqubo "yokuvinjelwa" kwemithambo iqala. Izitho ezintathu ezithinteka kakhulu kulokhu - inhliziyo, ubuchopho nesibindi ...
…i-cholesterol iyingxenye yolwelwesi lwamaseli, ngakho-ke, iyadingeka emzimbeni. Umbuzo nje uwukuthi, ngamaphi amanani? Kimina kubonakala sengathi ukudla kwamaJuda kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine le bhalansi ... Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inyama yengulube ne-sturgeon, engavunyelwe njenge-non-kosher, okusho ukuthi "izitolo ze-cholesterol". Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi ukuxuba inyama nobisi kuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-cholesterol yegazi - isibonelo, ukudla ucezu lwesinkwa ngesoseji futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa ucezu lwesinkwa nebhotela lunempilo ephindwe kasigidi kunokusakaza isinkwa esifanayo. inani lebhotela nokubeka inani elifanayo kuwo. ucezu lwesoseji, njengoba amaSlav ethanda ukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sivame ukuthosa inyama ebhotela ... Iqiniso lokuthi i-kashrut ibeka inyama ethosiwe emlilweni kuphela, ku-grill noma emafutheni emifino kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ngaphezu kwalokho, iphikisana ngokuphelele kubantu abanenhliziyo. ukuhlasela ukudla inyama ethosiwe futhi uhlanganise inyama nobisi…”
Imithetho yokuhlaba izilwane ukuze zidliwe
I-Shechita - indlela yokuhlaba izilwane, echazwe kuyiTorah, isetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Kusukela kudala, lo msebenzi ubulokhu uphathiswe kuphela umuntu ofunde kakhulu, owesaba uNkulunkulu.
Ummese ohloselwe i-shechita uhlolwe ngokucophelela, kufanele ulolwe ukuze kungabikho inothi elincane ku-blade, futhi kufanele libe kabili ubude bentamo yesilwane. Umsebenzi ukusika ngokushesha ngaphezu kwengxenye yentamo. Lokhu kunqamula imithambo yegazi nezinzwa eziholela ebuchosheni. Isilwane siyaphaphama ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuzwa ubuhlungu.
Petersburg ngo-1893, umsebenzi wesayensi "Izisekelo ze-Anatomical and physiological zezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlaba imfuyo" yanyatheliswa nguDokotela Wezokwelapha I. Dembo, owanikela iminyaka emithathu ekutadisheni zonke izindlela ezaziwayo zokuhlaba imfuyo. Wazicabangela ezicini ezimbili: ubuhlungu bazo esilwaneni nokuthi inyama ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokusikwa.
Ukuhlaziya indlela umgogodla owonakele ngayo, nezinye izindlela, umbhali ufika esiphethweni sokuthi zonke zibuhlungu kakhulu ezilwaneni. Kodwa ngemva kokuhlaziya yonke imininingwane yemithetho ye-shechita, uDkt. Dembo waphetha ngokuthi kuzo zonke izindlela ezaziwayo zokuhlaba imfuyo, eyamaJuda iyona engcono kunazo zonke. Ayibuhlungu kakhulu esilwaneni futhi iwusizo kakhulu kubantu, ngoba. i-shechita ikhipha igazi eliningi esidunjini, elisiza ukuvikela inyama ukuthi ingaboli.
Emhlanganweni we-St. Petersburg Medical Society ngo-1892, bonke ababekhona bavumelana neziphetho zikaDkt. futhi bashaya ihlombe ngemva kombiko.
Kodwa nakhu okungenza ngicabange - amaJuda ayesebenzisa imithetho ye-shechita, engasekelwe kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo lwesayensi, ngoba eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu edlule ayengakwazi ukwazi amaqiniso esayensi aziwa namuhla. AmaJuda athola le mithetho isilungile. Kuvela kubani? Kulowo owazi konke.
Isici Esingokomoya Sokudla Ukudla Kosher
Yebo, amaJuda, awasayigcini imithetho yeTorah ngenxa yezizathu ezinengqondo, kodwa ngenxa yezenkolo. I-Torah idinga ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho ye-kashrut. Itafula le-kosher lifanekisela i-altare (inqobo, njengoba iTalmud isho, ukuthi kule ndlu bazi ukwaba ukudla nalabo abaswele).
( 11:42-44 ) “… ungawadli, ngokuba ayisinengiso; Ningangcolisi imiphefumulo yenu ngezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ngezinhlobo zonke… Ngokuba nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wenu; ngingcweliswe, ngibe ngcwele, ngokuba mina ngingcwele…”.
Mhlawumbe, uMdali womuntu nemvelo, njengoba eyala abantu bakhe: “Yibani ngcwele,” wenqabela amaJuda ukudla igazi, amafutha engulube nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, ngoba lokhu kudla kunciphisa ukuthambekela komuntu ohlangothini olukhanyayo lokuphila futhi kuyabasusa endleleni yokuphila. yona.
Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokho esikudlayo nokuthi singobani, isimilo sethu kanye nengqondo yethu. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi bathole ukuthi izisebenzi zamakamu okuhlushwa aseJalimane zazidlani, ikakhulukazi uphuphu omnyama wengulube.
Siyazi ukuthi utshwala buyashesha ukudakisa umuntu. Futhi kukhona izinto izenzo zazo ezihamba kancane, azibonakali kangako, kodwa ezingenabungozi kangako. Umhlaziyi weTorah uRambam ubhala ukuthi ukudla okungeyona i-kosher kulimaza umphefumulo, umoya womuntu futhi kwenza inhliziyo ibe lukhuni futhi ibe nonya.
Izazi zamaJuda zikholelwa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwe-kashrut akugcini nje ukuqinisa umzimba futhi kuphakamisa umphefumulo, kodwa kuyisimo esidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ubuntu kanye nemvelaphi yabantu bamaJuda.
Lapha, bangane abathandekayo, umbono wezazi zamaJuda ngokudla okunempilo. Kodwa amaJuda ngokuqinisekile ngeke kuthiwe iziphukuphuku! 😉
Yiba nempilo! Umthombo: http://toldot.ru