Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zokukhulelwa, leli gama ekugcineni lifinyelelwe. Akudingeki ukuthi, umama ulindele ngokulangazela ukuqala kokubeletha. Umzimba wakhe wonke ulungiselela ukubeletha, kuyilapho ingane enyinyekile yenza ukuthinta okokugcina.

Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesi-9 yokukhulelwa, isisindo somntwana singama-3,5 kg ngo-50 cm. Kepha lokhu kumaphakathi kuphela: lapho kuzalwa, kukhona izingane ezincane ezingama-2,5 kg nezinsana ezinkulu ezingama-4 kg noma ngaphezulu. Kuze kube yilapho ezalwa, umntwana uyaqhubeka ekhula futhi enesisindo, futhi izinzipho zakhe nezinwele ziqhubeka zikhula. I-vernix caseosa ebimboze isikhumba sakhe kuze kube manje iyanyamalala. 

Uyaqhubeka nokunyakaza kunjalo, kodwa ukunyakaza kwakhe akubonakali kakhulu kulesi sikhala esimminyene kakhulu. Ugwinya uketshezi lwe-amniotic, kodwa naye uyancipha kancane kancane njengoba esondela esikhathini.

Umjikelezo wekhanda lengane (PC) ukala isilinganiso esingu-9,5 cm. Yingxenye ebanzi kakhulu yomzimba wakhe kodwa ngenxa yama-fontanelles, ugebhezi lwakhe luzokwazi ukuzimodela ukuze ludlule imicu ehlukene ye-pelvis kamama. Ingqondo yakhe inesisindo esingama-300 kuya ku-350 g. Kuzothatha iminyaka eminingi ukuthi iqhubeke nokuvuthwa kwayo okuhamba kancane kanye nokuxhumana kwama-neurons ayo.

Isisu sivame ukuba nobukhulu obumangalisayo ngesikhathi. Isibeletho sinesisindo esingu-1,2 kuya ku-1,5 kg ngokwaso, sinamandla angama-4 kuya ku-5 amalitha kanye nokuphakama kwesibeletho esingaba ngu-33 cm. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, ukuzuza kwesisindo okunconyiwe kungu-9 no-12 kg kowesifazane onesisindo esijwayelekile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa (i-BMI ephakathi kuka-19 no-24). Lokhu kuzuza kwesisindo kuhlanganisa ngokwesilinganiso amakhilogremu angu-5 ezicubu ezintsha (i-fetus, i-placenta kanye noketshezi lwe-amniotic), ama-3 kg wezicubu ezinobunzima obukhulayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isibeletho, ibele, uketshezi olungaphandle kwamangqamuzana) kanye nama-4 kg wamafutha. 

Ngalesi sisindo esiphambi komzimba, zonke izenzo zansuku zonke zithambile: ukuhamba, ukugibela izitebhisi, ukugoba ukuze ucoshe into noma ukubopha izintambo zakho, ukuthola indawo ekhululekile yokulala, ukuvuka kusofa, njll.

Izinhlungu ezihlukahlukene, i-acid reflux, i-hemorrhoids, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ubuhlungu obuphansi emuva, i-sciatica, imilenze esindayo ivame kakhulu ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, okwenza ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinsuku zokugcina zibe nzima kumama ozoba ngumama, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Izifinyezo ekupheleni kokukhulelwa kanye nezisebenzayo (ukukhathala, umzamo) ziyanda. Ungawahlukanisa kanjani nalabo abamemezela ukuqala komsebenzi? Lezi ziba ezijwayelekile, ezinde futhi ezinde futhi ziba namandla kakhulu. Enganeni yokuqala, kungakuhle ukuthi uye egumbini lokubeletha ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 wezinciphiso ezijwayelekile nezinamandla, ihora eli-1 lezingane ezilandelayo. Uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa amanzi noma uketshezi, ukuphathwa ngaphandle kokulinda iwadi yabakhulelwe.  

Ngaphandle komsebenzi, ezinye izimo ezimbalwa zidinga ukuya ewadini labakhulelwe ukuyohlolwa: ukulahleka kwegazi, ukungabikho kokunyakaza kombungu amahora angama-24, umkhuhlane (ngaphezu kwama-38 ° C). Uma kunokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka nje, ungangabazi ukuxhumana newadi yababelethile. Amaqembu akhona ukuqinisekisa omama bakusasa. 

Ukudlula igama

Ku-41 WA, ukuphela kokukhulelwa, ingane kungenzeka ukuthi ayikhombanga amakhala. Ukweqa leli gama kukhathaza mayelana ne-10% yomama bakusasa. Lesi simo sidinga ukuqapha okwandisiwe ngoba ekugcineni kokukhulelwa, inani le-amniotic fluid liyancipha futhi i-placenta ingaqala ukubanzima ukudlala indima yayo. Ngemuva kwama-41 WA, ukubhekwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili ngokuhlolwa nokuqapha emtholampilo. Uma ukubeletha kungakaqali kumaviki angama-42 noma uma ingane ikhombisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwengane, kuzobeletha.

Uma umntwana esezelwe, isimemezelo sokuzalwa kufanele senziwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-5 (usuku lokubeletha alufakiwe). Ubaba kuzofanele aye ehholo ledolobha lapho azalelwa khona, ngaphandle uma iphoyisa lomphakathi liya ngqo ewadini labakhulelwe. Kuzokwethulwa izingcezu ezahlukahlukene:

• isitifiketi sokuzalwa esikhishwe udokotela noma umbelethisi;

Isitifiketi sokuzalwa senziwa ngokushesha ngunobhala. Lona umbhalo obaluleke kakhulu, okumele uthunyelwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene: i-mutual, inkulisa ukuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa, njll.

Isimemezelo sokuzalwa kuMshwalense Wezempilo singenziwa ngokuqondile ku-inthanethi, ngaphandle kwemibhalo esekelayo. Kungenzeka ukubhalisa ingane ekhadini le-Vitale labo bobabili abazali.

Njengoba leli gama lisondela, ngokuntula isineke nokukhathala, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ukhathele ukugcwalisa isisu sakho nsuku zonke, ukuphulula i-perineum, ukunaka lokho okudlayo. Kuyaqondakala ngokuphelele, kodwa kungaba amahloni ukudedela indlela enhle kangaka. Kuyindaba yezinsuku ezimbalwa nje.

Epidural noma cha? Kuyisinqumo sikamama ozayo, azi ukuthi angahlala eguqula umqondo wakhe lapho kufika isikhathi (uma izikhathi zokugcina nezimo zezokwelapha zikuvumela kunjalo). Kuzo zonke izimo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa, kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi, amasu afundwa ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukubeletha ukuze ungakhungatheki ngobuhlungu: ukuphefumula, ukwelapha ukuphumula, ukuma kwebhola elikhulu, ukuma kwe-yoga, self-hypnosis, ukucula ngaphambi kokubeletha. Zonke lezi zindlela ziyizinsiza zangempela zokungasusi ubuhlungu, kodwa ukububamba kangcono. Futhi, kumama ozoba ngumama, indlela yokuba umlingisi ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwakhe.