Amabhuloho ayi-10 adume kakhulu emhlabeni

Ibhuloho liyi-invention emangalisayo. Umuntu ubelokhu efuna ukuhlola izindawo ezingaziwa, futhi ngisho nemifula ayizange ibe isithiyo kuye - udale amabhuloho.

Kwake kwaba isakhiwo esidala esasisiza ekunqobeni imifula emincane kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi, izindlela ezidaliwe zaba nzima kakhulu. Ibhuloho seliwumsebenzi wangempela wobuciko kanye nesimangaliso sobunjiniyela, elikuvumela ukuthi unqobe amabanga amakhudlwana.

10 I-Vasco da Gama Bridge (Lisbon, Portugal)

Lesi sakhiwo yibhuloho elide kunawo wonke elakhiwe ngekhebula eYurophu, elinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-17. Igama livela eqinisweni lokuthi "ukwethulwa" kwebhuloho kuhambisane nesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-500 sokuvulwa komzila wasolwandle waseYurophu oya eNdiya.

Ibhuloho iVasco da Gama licatshangelwe kahle. Lapho beyidala, onjiniyela bacabangela ukuthi kungenzeka isimo sezulu esibi, ukuzamazama komhlaba kuze kufike amaphuzu angu-9, ukugoba phansi koMfula iTagus ngisho nokuma komhlaba okuyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa akwephuli isimo semvelo edolobheni.

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ibhuloho ogwini, ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwagcinwa. Ngisho nokukhanya okuvela ezindaweni zokukhanyisa kuyalungiswa ukuze kungaweli emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela kungaphazamisi i-ecosystem ekhona.

9. Ibhuloho elidala (iMostar, iBosnia neHerzegovina)

Ngekhulu le-15, idolobha laseMostar loMbuso Wase-Ottoman lahlukaniswa laba amabhange ama-2, axhunywe kuphela ibhuloho elimisiwe elishwibeka emoyeni. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha, kwakudingeka ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwemibhoshongo emibili, ehlukaniswe uMfula iNeretva. Khona-ke izakhamuzi zacela usizo kuSultan.

Kwathatha iminyaka engu-9 ukwakha i-Old Bridge. Umdwebi wamapulani waklama isakhiwo saba mncane kangangokuthi abantu besaba ngisho ukukhuphuka kuso. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, umthuthukisi wephrojekthi wahlala ngaphansi kwebhuloho izinsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu ukuze afakazele ukwethembeka kwayo.

Ngo-1993, phakathi nempi, iBhuloho Elidala labhujiswa amasosha aseCroatia. Lesi sigameko sashaqisa umphakathi womhlaba wonke. Ngo-2004, lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa kabusha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwakudingeka ukugoqa izingcezu zangaphambili komunye nomunye, futhi ugaye amabhlogo ngesandla, njengoba kwenziwa ngaphambili.

8. I-Harbour Bridge (Sydney, Australia)

I-Harbour Bridge, noma, njengoba abantu base-Australia beyibiza, "i-hanger", ingenye yamabhuloho amade kakhulu emhlabeni - 1149 m. Yenziwe ngensimbi, kukhona ama-rivets ayizigidi eziyisithupha kuyo yodwa. I-Harbour Bridge ibize kakhulu i-Australia. Abashayeli bakhokha u-$2 ukushayela kuyo. Le mali iya ekulungisweni kwebhuloho.

Ngobusuku Bangaphambi Kukancibijane isetshenziselwa imibukiso ye-pyrotechnic emangalisayo. Kodwa into iyathakazelisa hhayi ebusika kuphela - isikhathi esisele kukhona izinkambo zezivakashi esakhiweni. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10, abantu bangakhuphuka i-arch futhi babheke iSydney phezulu. Kuphephe ngokuphelele futhi kwenzeka ngaphansi kokuqondisa komfundisi.

7. I-Rialto Bridge (Venice, Italy)

Enye yezimpawu zaseVenice. Esikhundleni salo, kusukela ngekhulu le-12, kwakhiwe amaphaseji okhuni, kodwa abhujiswa ngenxa yemiphumela yamanzi noma imililo. Ngekhulu le-15, kwanqunywa ukuba "kukhunjulwe" ukuwela okulandelayo. UMichelangelo ngokwakhe wanikeza imidwebo yakhe yebhuloho elisha, kodwa awazange amukelwe.

Ngendlela, kuwo wonke umlando weRialto Bridge, yayithengiswa njalo. Futhi namuhla kunezitolo zezikhumbuzo ezingaphezu kuka-20. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngisho noShakespeare wakhuluma ngoRialto encwadini ethi The Merchant of Venice.

6. I-Chain Bridge (Budapest, Hungary)

Leli bhuloho eliphezu koMfula iDanube laxhuma amadolobha amabili - iBuda nePest. Ngesinye isikhathi, umklamo wayo wawubhekwa njengesimangaliso sobunjiniyela, futhi ubude bawo babungesinye sezinde kakhulu emhlabeni. Umdwebi wezakhiwo kwakuyiNgisi uWilliam Clark.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, leli bhuloho lihlotshiswe ngezithombe ezibonisa amabhubesi. Imifanekiso efanayo ncamashi, kodwa emikhulu, bese ifakwa e-UK.

5. I-Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic)

Lolu wuphawu lwaseCzech Republic, olugcwele izinganekwane namasiko amaningi, elinye lamabhuloho amatshe amahle kakhulu emhlabeni.

Lapho ibhekwa njengenye yezinde kakhulu - amamitha angu-515. Ukutholwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kukaCharles IV ngoJulayi 9, 1357 ngo-5:31. Lolu suku lukhethwe izazi zezinkanyezi njengophawu oluhle.

Ibhuloho likaCharles lizungezwe imibhoshongo yamaGothic futhi lihlotshiswe ngezithombe ezingama-30 zabangcwele. I-Old Town Tower, ibhuloho eliholela kuyo, ingesinye sezakhiwo ezidume kakhulu zamaGothic.

4. I-Brooklyn Bridge (eNew York, eU.SA)

Enye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu eNew York kanye nebhuloho elidala elimisiwe e-United States. Ubude bayo buyi-1828 m. Ngaleso sikhathi, iphrojekthi yaseBrooklyn Bridge eyahlongozwa uJohn Roebling yayinkulu.

Ukwakhiwa bekuhambisana nabashonile. UJohane waba ngowokuqala ukufa. Umndeni wonke waqhubeka nebhizinisi. Ukwakhiwa kwathatha iminyaka engu-13 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-15. Amagama amalungu omndeni wakwaRoebling ayengafi esakhiweni ngenxa yokholo lwawo olungantengantengi nokubekezela.

3. I-Tower Bridge (London, UK)

Kuwuphawu olubonakalayo lweGreat Britain. Uhlale ekhunjulwa uma kuziwa eLondon. Ifaka imibhoshongo emibili yesitayela se-gothic kanye negalari yababukeli abayixhumayo. Ibhuloho linomklamo othakazelisayo - kokubili ukulenga nokudonsa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuzalaniswa, igalari enezivakashi ihlala isendaweni, futhi izethameli ziyaqhubeka nokuncoma indawo ezungezile.

2. I-Ponte Vecchio (Florence, Italy)

Lihunyushwe lisuka kusiNtaliyane, elithi Ponte Vecchio lisho “Ibhuloho Elidala”. Indala ngempela: yakhiwa maphakathi nekhulu le-14. Noma kunjalo, i-Vecchiu "isaphila": isathengiswa ngenkuthalo.

Kuze kube sekhulwini le-16, inyama yayithengiswa ePonte Vecchio, ngakho kwakuhlale kunezimoto eziningi lapha. Kuthiwa inkosi ibizilalela ngisho izingxoxo zabantu ngesikhathi idlula ephaseji eliphezulu lesakhiwo. Namuhla, leli bhuloho libizwa ngokuthi “igolide” ngenxa yokuthi izitolo zenyama sezithathelwe indawo ubucwebe.

1. I-Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, USA)

Leli bhuloho elimisiwe liwuphawu lweSan Francisco. Ubude bayo buyi-1970 amamitha. Phakathi neGold Rush, izikebhe eziminyene zahamba ngomkhumbi zaya eSan Francisco, kwase kuba nesidingo sokwakha indawo evamile yokuwela.

Ukwakha kwakunzima: ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka njalo, inkungu yayima ngezikhathi ezithile, imisinga yasolwandle esheshayo nokuvunguza komoya kwaphazamisa umsebenzi.

Ukuvulwa kweSango Legolide kwakunesizotha: ukunyakaza kwezimoto kwamiswa, esikhundleni salokho abantu abangu-300 abahamba ngezinyawo badlula phezu kwebhuloho.

Naphezu kwesimo sezulu esibi kanye nezimo zokuzamazama komhlaba, isakhiwo samelana nakho konke futhi sisamile: ngo-1989, iSango Legolide laze lasinda nokuzamazama komhlaba kwamaphuzu angu-7,1.