Okuqukethwe
Umaki wendawo owaziwa kakhulu ngu Umbhoshongo we-Eiffelenkabeni yeParis. Usephenduke uphawu lwalo muzi. Umklami omkhulu owasebenza ekwakhiweni kwalo mbhoshongo kwakunguGustave Eiffel, okwathi ngemva kwakhe wathola igama lawo. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sakhiwa ngo-1889. Manje sesingesinye sezindawo ezivakashelwa kakhulu. Unomlando wakhe onothile. Siqoqe amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisa kakhulu nge-Eiffel Tower awusizo ukuwazi.
10 Kala amakhophi
Kunamakhophi amaningi amancane alo mbhoshongo ahlakazeke emhlabeni jikelele. Kunezakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezakhiwe ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yomklamo odumile. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeLas Vegas, eduze neParis Hotel, ungabona ikhophi eqondile ye-Eiffel Tower, eyakhiwe esikalini se-1: 2. Kukhona indawo yokudlela, ne-elevator, kanye nedekhi yokubuka, okungukuthi. Lesi sakhiwo siyikhophi yoqobo. Njengoba kuhleliwe, ukuphakama kwalo mbhoshongo kwakuzofana nokwaseParis. Kodwa ngenxa yendawo eseduze nesikhumulo sezindiza, kwadingeka ukuthi yehliswe ibe ngu-165 m, kuyilapho eyasekuqaleni yayinamamitha angu-324.
Omunye amakhophi aphumelele kakhulu e-Eiffel Tower etholakala edolobheni laseShayina iShenzhen. Kukhona ipaki elidumile elithi "Window of the World", igama lalo lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Iwindi Lomhlaba". Leli ipaki letimu elinezifaniso ezingu-130 zezimpawu zomhlaba ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubude balo mbhoshongo buyi-108 m, okungukuthi wenziwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1:3.
9. Umbala we-color
Umbala wombhoshongo wawulokhu ushintsha njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi yayibabomvu-nsundu, kamuva ibephuzi. Kodwa ngo-1968, umthunzi wayo, ofana nethusi, wamukelwa. Inelungelo lobunikazi futhi ibizwa nge-“Eiffel Brown”. Umbhoshongo unemithunzi eminingana. Iphethini yayo engxenyeni engenhla iminyene. Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-optics, uma yonke into ihlanganiswe nombala owodwa, khona-ke phezulu kuzoba mnyama. Ngakho-ke, umthunzi ukhethwa ukuze ubukeke umfaniswano.
8. Ukugxekwa kukaGustave Eiffel
Manje izinkulungwane zabantu zimagange ukufika eParis ukuze zibuke indawo ekhangayo eyinhloko. Kodwa lapho lo mbhoshongo wensimbi wabonakala unzima futhi uhlekisa kumaFulentshi. UBohemia washo lokho I-Eiffel Tower yonakalisa ubuhle bangempela beParis. UVictor Hugo, uPaul Verlaine, u-Alexandre Dumas (indodana) nabanye bafuna ukuthi akhishwe. Basekelwa uGuy de Maupassant. Kodwa, okuthakazelisayo, lo mbhali wayedla endaweni yakhe yokudlela nsuku zonke.
Kusolwa ukuthi isuka lapho ayishayi. Nokho, banquma ukushiya umbhoshongo, ngoba. yakhanga izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ekupheleni kuka-1889, yacishe yakhokha, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yaqala ukukhiqiza imali.
7. Ukuphakama Kwasekuqaleni
Ekuqaleni ukuphakama kombhoshongo kwakungu-301 m. Ngesikhathi kuvulwa ngokusemthethweni le ndawo ehehayo, bekuyibhilidi elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngo-2010, i-antenna entsha yethelevishini yafakwa kuyo, ngenxa yokuthi umbhoshongo waba mude. Manje ukuphakama kwayo 324 m.
6. Ikheshi belimele ngamabomu
Phakathi nempi, amaJalimane athumba iParis. Ngo-1940, uHitler waya e-Eiffel Tower kodwa wangakwazi ukukhuphuka. Umqondisi wombhoshongo, ngaphambi kokuba amaJalimane afike edolobheni lawo, walimaza ezinye zemishini ekheshini. UHitler, njengoba babhala ngaleso sikhathi, wakwazi ukunqoba iParis, kodwa wehluleka ukunqoba i-Eiffel Tower. Lapho nje iParis ikhululiwe, ikheshi laqala ukusebenza ngokushesha.
5. Ungakhuphukela kanjani phezulu
E-Eiffel Tower Izinga le-3. Kweyokuqala kukhona enye yezindawo zokudlela, futhi esigabeni sesi-2 nesesi-3 kunezinkundla zokubuka ezikhethekile. Bangafinyelelwa ngokuphakamisa noma ngezinyawo. Kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-euro ambalwa ukuze ungene. Abavakashi bayelulekwa ukuba bakhethe isigaba sesi-2 sombhoshongo ukuze sihlolwe, ngoba. Ukusuka lapho idolobha libukwa kangcono, yonke imininingwane iyabonakala. Kunemeshi yensimbi enezimbobo lapho ungathatha khona izithombe ezinhle.
Isitezi sesithathu siphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibiyelwe ngodonga lwepulasitiki. Izithombe ezithathwe ngayo aziyona ikhwalithi enhle.
4. Ifulethi eliyimfihlo phezulu
Ezitezi ezingaphezulu zombhoshongo kukhona ifulethi okungekaGustave Eiffel. Kwakufana ngamakhulu ezindawo zokuhlala zaseParis zangekhulu le-XNUMX, ezihlotshiswe ngephephadonga nokhaphethi. Kwakukhona negumbi lokulala elincane. Kuthiwa abantu basedolobheni abacebile banikela ngezizumbulu zemali ithuba lokulala kuyo, kodwa umnikazi wayo washaya phansi ngonyawo wangavumela muntu ukuba angene kuyo. Nokho, amaphathi ayeqhutshelwa lapho, ayehlanganisa abantu ababenethonya kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa ayenamasiko kakhulu, nakuba ayephela ekuseni.
Izivakashi bezijatshuliswa umculo, ngoba. Kwakukhona nopiyano emakamelweni. U-Eiffel wavakashelwa nguThomas Edison ngokwakhe, ababephuza naye i-cognac futhi bebhema nogwayi.
3. Ukuzibulala
I-Eiffel Tower iheha abantu abazibulalayo. Kuwo wonke umlando wokuba khona kwayo lapha abantu abangaphezu kuka-370 bazibulala. Ngenxa yalokhu, uthango lwakhiwe luzungeze umngcele wedeski lokubuka. Owokuqala owashona lapha kwakuyindoda eneminyaka engu-23 kuphela ubudala. Kamuva, lo mbhoshongo waba enye yezindawo ezithandwayo zokulungisa ama-akhawunti ngokuphila, hhayi eFrance kuphela, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ngokusho kwenganekwane, omunye walaba abazibulele ngowesifazane osemusha owawela ophahleni lwemoto. Akagcinanga nje ngokululama ekulimaleni kwakhe, kodwa uphinde washada nomnikazi wale moto.
2. Painting
Umbhoshongo upendwe njalo eminyakeni engu-7. Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ukuze kuvikelwe ekugqwaleni. Inqubo yokudweba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Okokuqala, upende ususwa ebusweni bawo kusetshenziswa isitimu somfutho ophezulu. Uma izakhi zesakhiwo ezigugile zishaya, ziyasuswa futhi kufakwe ezintsha. Khona-ke wonke umbhoshongo umbozwe ngopende, osetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezi-2. Iya kuye cishe amathani angama-57 kapende. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngamabhulashi ajwayelekile, ngesandla.
1. Umlando wokwakha
Umbhali wombono kwakunguGustave Eiffel, noma kunalokho abasebenzi behhovisi lakhe, uMaurice Keschelin no-Emile Nouguier. Cishe imidwebo eyizinkulungwane ezi-5 yalesi sakhiwo yenziwa. Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umbhoshongo uzohlala iminyaka engu-20 kuphela, emva kwalokho izohlakazwa.
Kwakufanele kube i-arch yokungena endaweni ye-World Exhibition. Kodwa izivakashi zazikuthanda kakhulu lokhu kukhanga kangangokuthi zanquma ukuyishiya. Ukwakhiwa kombhoshongo kwathuthuka ngokushesha, ngoba. Benginemidwebo enemininingwane ewusizo. Kuthathe cishe izinyanga ezingama-26 kukho konke. Bangu-300 abasebenzi ababambe iqhaza ekwakheni.
Ngama-80s, umbhoshongo wakhiwa kabusha, ezinye zezakhiwo zensimbi ezikuwo zathathelwa indawo ezinamandla nezilula. Ngo-1900, kwafakwa izibani zikagesi kuwo. Manje, ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kokukhanyisa okuphindaphindiwe, kusihlwa i-Eiffel Tower iyamangalisa ngobuhle bayo. Ukugeleza kwezivakashi kuyo akunqamuki, futhi kunjalo cishe izigidi eziyisi-7 ngonyaka.