Namuhla, lo mbono uzwakala kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu oqondayo ukuthi iyini isiko lokuvuma, futhi izimiso zayo eziyinhloko azikakagxili emphakathini waseRussia. Kanye nochwepheshe, sizoqonda izici zale ndlela yobudlelwano futhi sithole ukuthi iyithinta kanjani impilo yethu yocansi.
1. Umqondo othi "isiko lokuvuma" waqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-80s ekhulwini lama-XXlapho amanyuvesi aseNtshonalanga ethula imikhankaso emelene nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi emakhempasini. Kwaqala ukukhulunywa ngakho kaningi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwabesifazane, futhi namuhla kuqhathaniswa nomqondo othi "isiko lobudlova", isimiso esiyinhloko esingachazwa ngokuthi "ngubani onamandla, kulungile.»
Isiko lokuvuma yikhodi yokuziphatha, inhloko yayo okuyimingcele yomuntu siqu. Ecansini, lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukunqumela omunye ukuthi yini ayifunayo ngempela, futhi noma yikuphi ukusebenzelana kuyavumelana futhi ngokuzithandela.
Namuhla, umqondo wemvume ibekwe ngokomthetho kuphela emazweni amaningi (Great Britain, USA, Israel, Sweden kanye nabanye), kanye neRussia, ngeshwa, okwamanje phakathi kwabo.
2. Ngokwenza, isiko lokuvuma okusebenzayo livezwa yizimo zengqondo “Yebo» kusho ukuthi "yebo", "cha"» lisho ukuthi “cha”, “Bengifuna ukubuza” futhi “angikuthandi — nqaba”.
Emphakathini wethu, akuwona umkhuba ukukhuluma ngokuqondile ngocansi. Futhi izimo zengqondo "Bengifuna ukubuza" futhi "Angikuthandi - ukwenqaba" kugcizelela nje ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuxhumana: udinga ukwazi ukudlulisela imizwa yakho nezifiso kwabanye. Ngokusho komfundisi wezocansi uTatyana Dmitrieva, isiko lokuvuma okusebenzayo lenzelwe ukufundisa abantu ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano evulekile ocansini ayibalulekile nje kuphela, kodwa iyadingeka.
“Sikhuliswe esikweni lobudlova, ngokuvamile asinawo umkhuba wokubuza noma nekhono lokwenqaba. Kudingeka kufundwe, kufanelekile ukuzijwayeza. Isibonelo, ukuya ephathini ye-kinky ngenhloso yokwenqaba wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwakha ikhono. Ukufunda ukuthi ukwenqaba akuholeli kunoma yini embi, futhi ukuxhumana ngemva kokubuza umbuzo kuyinto evamile futhi evusa inkanuko.
Kaningi ukungabikho kuka “cha” akusho ukuthi “yebo” nhlobo.
Ukusetha okuthi "Cha" kuya kokuthi "cha" kusho ukuthi ukwehluleka akulutho kodwa ukwehluleka. Emphakathini womlando wezinzalamizi, abesifazane bavame ukwesaba noma babe namahloni ukusho abakufunayo ngokuqondile, kuyilapho amadoda ewacabangela wona. Ngenxa yalokho, "cha" noma ukuthula kowesifazane kuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi "yebo" noma njengesu lokuqhubeka nokuphusha.
Ukusetha okuthi "Yebo" kusho ukuthi "yebo" kusho ukuthi ngamunye wabalingani kufanele akwenze kucace futhi kucace ukuthi bafuna ukusondelana. Uma kungenjalo, noma yisiphi isenzo sithathwa njengobudlova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silungiselelo sithatha ukuthi imvume ingakhanselwa noma kunini: shintsha umqondo wakho enqubweni ngokuphelele noma, isibonelo, wenqabe ukuthatha isenzo esithile.
3. Umthwalo wemfanelo wemvume ngokuyinhloko ungowomuntu oyicelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imishwana ethi «anginasiqiniseko», «angazi», «Esinye isikhathi» ayihlanganisi isivumelwano futhi kufanele ithathwe njengokungavumelani.
“Imvamisa ukungabikho kuka “cha” ocacile akusho ukuthi “yebo” nhlobo. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokulimala, amahloni, ukwesaba imiphumela emibi, okuhlangenwe nakho okudlule kobudlova, ukungalingani kwamandla, noma ukumane ukwehluleka ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile, umlingani angase angasho ngokuqondile ukuthi "cha" kodwa asho lokho. Ngakho-ke, kuphela “yebo” ozinzile, ongangabazeki, ngamazwi nangokomzimba wozakwethu noma umlingani onganikeza ithemba lokuthi imvume yenzekile, "kuphawula isazi sezocansi u-Amina Nazaralieva.
“Abantu bavama ukuzwela uma bengamukelwa. Zingabhekwa njengento ephula ukuzethemba, ngakho-ke ukwenqaba kungaholela ekuphenduleni okuhlukahlukene kokuzivikela, okuhlanganisa nokuhlukumezayo. Igama elithi "Cha" lisho ukuthi "cha" ligcizelela ukuthi ukwenqaba kufanele kuthathwe njengoba kuzwakala. Asikho isidingo sokubheka imibhalo engezansi kuyo noma amathuba okuhumusha lokho okushiwo ngokuvuna kwakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna kangakanani, ”kuchaza isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uNatalia Kiselnikova.
4. Isimiso sokuvuma sisebenza kokubili ebuhlotsheni besikhathi eside nasemshadweni. Ngeshwa, udlame ebudlelwaneni besikhathi eside akukhulunywa ngaso kaningi njengoba kufanele, ngoba luyenzeka nalapho. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu umbono ongokwenkolo “wesibopho sokushada”, okuthiwa owesifazane unesibopho sokuwenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyafuna ukukwenza noma cha.
“Kubalulekile ukuthi abathandana nabo bakuqonde ukuthi isigxivizo se-passport noma ukukipita asinikezi ilungelo lokuya ocansini impilo yonke. Abashadile banelungelo elifanayo lokwenqaba, kanye nabo bonke abanye abantu. Imibhangqwana eminingi ayilali kahle ngoba ingenalo ilungelo lokwenqaba. Ngezinye izikhathi umlingani ongathanda ukugona noma ukuqabula owesibili ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukumcela ukuba ayeke kamuva. Lokhu kuvimbela ngokuphelele ukuxhumana kocansi, "kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMarina Travkova.
“Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isiko lokuvumelana kumbhangqwana, ochwepheshe batusa ukulandela umthetho wezinyathelo ezincane nokuqala ingxoxo ngento elula engabangeli ukungezwani okukhulu. Isibonelo, ningatshelana mayelana nalokho enikuthandayo mayelana nokusebenzelana manje noma enikuthandile ngaphambilini. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimiso zesiko lokuvuma zihamba kude nobulili - ngokuvamile ziyizimiso zokuhlonipha ukuzimela kanye nemingcele yomunye umuntu, "kugcizelela uNataliya Kiselnikova.
Ilungelo elithi “cha” ligcina ithuba lokuthi “yebo” esikhathini esizayo
"Singaqala ngokuvumelana "ngegama lokumisa" nokuthi akuzona zonke izenzo okufanele ziholele ekungeneni ngokushesha. Yile ndlela abelaphi ngocansi kanye nezazi zocansi abavame ukwenza ngayo - benqabela imibhangqwana ocansini olungena ngaphakathi futhi inqume eminye imikhuba. Yile ndlela okwazi ngayo ukwehlisa ukulungiswa kokuthi awukwazi ukuthi "yebo" bese ugula ngesikhathi," kuphakamisa uMarina Travkova. Ungazizwa kabi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi lokho kulungile.
"Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukusebenzisa "I-imiyalezo" kaningi, ukukhuluma ngemizwa yakho, imicabango kanye nezinhloso kumuntu wokuqala, ngaphandle kokwahlulela noma ukuhlola izidingo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komlingani noma umlingani? - kukhumbuza Natalia Kiselnikova.
5. Umgomo wemvume esebenzayo uthuthukisa ikhwalithi yocansi. Kunombono oyiphutha odumile wokuthi imvume esebenzayo ibulala umlingo wocansi futhi ilwenze lome futhi licike. Eqinisweni, ngokocwaningo, kuphambene.
Ngakho-ke, iningi lezingane zesikole zamaDashi nabafundi abatshelwe okuningi mayelana nemvume bachaza okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kokuqala kocansi njengento ejabulisayo nefiselekayo. Nakuba u-66% wentsha yaseMelika engawazi lo mqondo yathi ngo-2004 ingamane ilinde isikhashana bese ithatha isikhathi sayo nalesi sinyathelo ekubeni abantu abadala.
“Umlingo wocansi awuqhakazi esimweni sokushiywa ngaphandle nokuqagela mayelana nezifiso zomlingani noma umlingani, kodwa esimweni sokuvikeleka ngokomzwelo. Umuzwa ofanayo uvela lapho abantu bengasho ngokuqondile lokho abakufunayo nabangakufuni, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwenqatshwa, ukuqondwa kabi noma, okubi nakakhulu, babe yizinto zobudlova. Ngakho-ke yonke into esebenza ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokwethembana isiza ekwenzeni kokubili ubudlelwano nobulili kujule, kujabulise futhi kuhluke,” kuphawula uNatalya Kiselnikova.
“Akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuba yiqhwa umzuzwana lapho kuqhume inkanuko futhi, ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte ingxenye ethile yomzimba bese udlulela ekungeneni, buza: “Uyafuna?” - futhi uzwe "yebo." Yiqiniso, udinga ukufunda ukwamukela ukwaliwa. Ngoba ilungelo elithi "cha" ligcina ithuba lokuthi "yebo" esikhathini esizayo ligcizelela uMarina Travkova.