Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kunokuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezimbili kanye nobuhlakani, amakhono enkumbulo, kanye nempumelelo ephezulu ezifundweni. Njengoba ubuchopho bucubungula ulwazi ngokuphumelelayo, buzokwazi ukuvimbela ukwehla kwengqondo okuhlobene neminyaka.
Izilimi ezinzima kakhulu
I-US Department of State Foreign Service Institute (FSI) ihlukanisa izilimi ngamaleveli amane obunzima kwabakhuluma isiNgisi bomdabu. Iqembu 1, elilula kakhulu, lihlanganisa isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isi-Indonesian, isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi, isiRomania, iSpanishi nesiSwahili. Ngokocwaningo lwe-FSI, kuthatha cishe ihora eli-1 lokuzilolonga ukuze ufinyelele ulwazi oluyisisekelo kuzo zonke izilimi zeQembu lama-480. Kuthatha amahora ama-2 ukufeza izinga elifanayo lobuchwepheshe ezilimini zeQembu lama-720 (isiBulgaria, isiBurma, isiGreki, isiHindi, isiPheresiya nesi-Urdu). Izinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nge-Amharic, Cambodian, Czech, Finnish, Hebrew, Icelandic and Russian - zizodinga amahora angu-1100 wokuzilolonga. Iqembu lesi-4 liqukethe izilimi ezinzima kakhulu kubantu abakhuluma isiNgisi somdabu: isi-Arabhu, isiShayina, isiJapane nesiKorea - kuzothatha amahora angu-2200 ukuthi isikhulumi sesiNgisi somdabu sifinyelele ulwazi oluyisisekelo.
Naphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ulimi lwesibili lufanele ukufundwa, okungenani ngezinzuzo zokuqonda. “Ithuthukisa imisebenzi yethu yokuphatha, ikhono lokugcina ulwazi engqondweni kanye nokususa ulwazi olungenamsebenzi. Kubizwa ngokuthi imisebenzi yokuphatha ngenxa yokufana kwamakhono e-CEO: ukuphatha inqwaba yabantu, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluningi, nokwenza izinto eziningi,” kusho uJulie Fieze, uprofesa wesayensi yezinzwa eNyuvesi yasePittsburgh.
Ubuchopho obusebenzisa izilimi ezimbili buthembele emisebenzini yokuphatha - njengokulawula okuvimbayo, inkumbulo yokusebenza, nokuguquguquka kwengqondo - ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwezilimi ezimbili, ngokocwaningo lweNyuvesi yaseNorthwestern. Njengoba zombili izinhlelo zezilimi zihlala zisebenza futhi ziqhudelana, izindlela zokulawula ubuchopho zihlala ziqiniswa.
U-Lisa Meneghetti, umhlaziyi wedatha wase-Italy, uyi-hyperpolyglot, okusho ukuthi uyazi kahle izilimi eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Endabeni yakhe, isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiSwidi, iSpanishi, isiRashiya nesiNtaliyane. Lapho ethuthela olimini olusha, ikakhulukazi oluyinkimbinkimbi ephansi edinga ukukhuthazela okuncane kokuqonda, umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukugwema ukuhlanganisa amagama. “Kuvamile ukuthi ubuchopho bushintshe futhi busebenzise amaphethini. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngezilimi zomndeni owodwa ngoba ukufana kukhulu kakhulu,” usho kanje. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema le nkinga, kusho uMeneghetti, ukufunda ulimi olulodwa ngesikhathi nokuhlukanisa imindeni yezilimi.
Ihora elivamile
Ukufunda izisekelo zanoma yiluphi ulimi kuwumsebenzi osheshayo. Izinhlelo eziku-inthanethi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zizokusiza ufunde imikhonzo embalwa nemishwana elula ngesivinini sombani. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa lomuntu siqu, i-polyglot Timothy Doner incoma ukufunda nokubuka izinto ezivusa intshisekelo yakho.
“Uma uthanda ukupheka, thenga incwadi yokupheka ngolimi lwangaphandle. Uma uthanda ibhola, zama ukubukela umdlalo wangaphandle. Ngisho noma ucosha amagama ambalwa nje ngosuku futhi iningi lisazwakala njengenhlamba, kusazoba lula ukuwakhumbula kamuva,” usho kanje.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi uhlela ukusebenzisa kanjani ulimi esikhathini esizayo. Uma izinhloso zakho zolimi olusha sezinqunyiwe, ungaqala ukuhlela isimiso sakho sansuku zonke sokuzilolonga esihlanganisa izindlela ezimbalwa zokufunda.
Kunamathiphu amaningi okuthi ungalufunda kanjani ulimi kangcono. Kodwa bonke ochwepheshe baqiniseka ngento eyodwa: suka ekutadisheni izincwadi namavidiyo futhi uchithe okungenani isigamu sehora uprakthiza ukukhuluma nesikhulumi somdabu, noma nomuntu olwazi kahle ulimi. “Abanye bafunda ulimi ngokuzama ukubamba amagama ngekhanda futhi bazijwayeze ukuphimisela bebodwa, ngokuthula, nakwabo ngokwabo. Abathuthuki ngempela, ngeke kubasize ukuthi basebenzise ulimi,” kusho uFieze.
Njengokwazi kahle insimbi yomculo, kungcono ukufunda ulimi isikhathi esifushane, kodwa njalo, kunokungavamile, kodwa isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kokuzijwayeza okuvamile, ubuchopho abubangeli izinqubo zokuqonda ezijulile futhi abusunguli ukuxhumana phakathi kolwazi olusha nokufunda kwangaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, ihora ngosuku, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto, kuzoba usizo kakhulu kunomashi ophoqelelwe wamahora amahlanu kanye ngesonto. Ngokusho kwe-FSI, kuthatha isonto eli-1 noma cishe iminyaka emibili ukuzuza ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngolimi lweQembu lama-96.
I-IQ kanye ne-EQ
“Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili nakho kuzokusiza ube umuntu oqondayo nonozwela, okuvula iminyango yendlela ehlukile yokucabanga nomuzwa. Imayelana ne-IQ ne-EQ (ubuhlakani bemizwa) kuhlangene,” kusho uMeneghetti.
Ukuxhumana ngezinye izilimi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhono "lokukwazi kwamasiko". Ngokuka-Baker, ikhono lokuhlangana kwamasiko yikhono lokwakha ubudlelwano obuyimpumelelo nenhlobonhlobo yabantu abavela kwamanye amasiko.
Ihora elilodwa ngosuku lokufunda ulimi olusha lingabonakala njengomkhuba wokunqoba ukuhlukana phakathi kwabantu namasiko. Umphumela uzoba ngcono amakhono okuxhumana azokusondeza kubantu emsebenzini, ekhaya noma phesheya. “Uma uhlangabezana nombono wezwe ohlukile, umuntu wesiko elihlukile, uyeka ukwahlulela abanye futhi uba nempumelelo ekuxazululeni izingxabano,” kusho u-Baker.